2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析.docx

2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析 Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____（1）helping you feel close and _____（2）to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____（3）of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter. In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8）with a cold, and the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____（11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）. "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16）difficulty." Some experts_____（17）the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____（19）in the brain, where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite 2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior 3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice 4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep 5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving 6. A．on B．in C．at D．of 7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed 8. A．along B．across C．down D．out 9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated 10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required 11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even 12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests 13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized 14.A．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared 15.A．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record 16. A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of 17.A．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return 18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until 19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases 20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences 1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite 【答案】A 【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“it turns out that hugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外”，结合选项，A．Besides（除此之外）最为合适。 2A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior 【答案】C 【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“helping you feel close and _____（2）”，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义，并且要与后面介词to 连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，C选项有“关联的”含义最为符合。 3A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice 【答案】B 【解析】此题为固定搭配。“a host of”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。 4A．avoidB．forgetC．recallD．keep 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干信息“a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.”中，出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处”，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，A．avoid（避免）B．forget（忘记）C．recall（回忆）D．keep（保持），A选项“避免生病”最符合文意。 5A．collectingB．affectingC．guidingD．involving 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study”，因此，结合四个选项A．collecting（收集）B．affecting（影响）C．guiding(引导)D．involving（涉及、卷入），根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人”的研究。因此正确选项应为D 6A．onB．inC．atD．of 【答案】A 【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____（6）the participants'…”考查固定搭配“examined the effects…on sth”因此，本题正确选项为A。 7A．devotedB．attractedC．lostD．exposed 【答案】D 【解析】根据句义“common cold after being_____（7）to the virus.”“通常感冒是在。。。细菌之后发生的。”结合选项含义A．devoted（致力于）B．attracted（吸引）C．lost（丢失）D．exposed(暴露于)，D选项“暴露在细菌中…”符合文意。 8A．alongB．acrossC．downD．out 【答案】C 【解析】本题为固定搭配。A．come along with(和。。。相处的好)B．come across with（偿付）C．come down with（得病，感染）D．come out with（出版，提出），结合语境，根据后面与cold（感冒）搭配，C选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。 9A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated 【答案】D 【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“the researchers_____（9）that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”动作的主语是“研究人员”，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义A．imagined（想像）B．denied（否认）C．doubted（怀疑）D．calculated（计算，推测）来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项D符合要求。 10A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required 【答案】C 【解析】本题为动词含义考查。根据文章内容，“the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____（10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect.”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义A．served（服务）B．restored（存储）C．explained（解释）D．required（要求），C选项“解释”符合语境要求。 11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even 【答案】D 【解析】本题为逻辑关系题。A．Thus（因此，表示因果关系）B．Still（仍然，表示强调关系）C．Rather（相反，表示对比关系）D．Even（甚至，表示递进关系）根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。D为正确选项。 12A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests 【答案】B 【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12）”所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，B．symptoms(症状)符合语境要求。正确选项为B。 13A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized 【答案】B 【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that's usually _____（14）with stress,"，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。在选项中，A．highlighted（突出的）B．increased（增加的）C．controlled（被控制的）D．minimized（最小的），对比选项含义，B“增加的风险”更符合原文语境。 14A．presentedB．equippedC．associatedD．compared 【答案】C 【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A 和B选项不可以和with连接。C．associated可以和with连接，意为“与。。。有关联”。D．compared和with连接表示“和。。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选项为C. 15A．assessB．generateC．moderateD．record 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Hugging is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling…”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“the feeling”搭配。分析选项含义：A．assess（评估）B．generate（产生）C．moderate（缓和）D．record（记录），四个选项中，B“generate the feeling”产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为B。 16A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of 【答案】C 【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义A．in the name of（以…为名）B．in the form of（以…的形式）C．in the face of（面对…）D．in the way of（以…的方式），结合文章语境，应为“面对困难”搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为C。 17A．attributeB．commitC．transferD．return 【答案】A 【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：attribute sth to sth .因此正确选项为A 18A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until 【答案】B 【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。选项含义A．unless（除非）B．because（因为）C．though（虽然）D．until（直到。。。才）。结合原文语境，“often called "the bonding hormone"_____（18）it promotes attachment in relationships,”（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”….它促进了关系的依赖。）从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为B 19A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases 【答案】A 【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A．remains（仍然）B．emerges（出现）C．vanishes（消失）D．decreases（减少）结合语境信息“But some of it _____（19）in the brain, ”C和D选项跟文章含义相反。而B 选项只表示一种动作。A选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项为A。 where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology. 20A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences 【答案】D 【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A．experiences（经历）B．combines（结合）C．justifies（替某人辩护，证明合理）D．influences（影响）。根据原文语境，“where it _____（20）mood, behavior and physiology.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理”，只有D“影响”因此正确选项为D。 Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. [B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports. [D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection. 22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travellers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to [A] quieter. [B] cheaper. [C] wider. [D] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] a dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] the government’s reluctance to back it. [D] an unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best  title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 答案：21-25 ACDDC 21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. 解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围；选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰；选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。 22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers. 解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容；选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段；选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。 23. 答案【D】faster. 解析：本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes”，结合下一句中的这样会saving time for everyone involved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案D faster更快。干扰项A更安静，选项B更便宜，选项C更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。 24. 答案【D】an unreasonable price for enrollment. 解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词problem with the PreCheck program定位到倒数第二段的第二句话 this price tag has been the PreCheck’s fatal flaw.本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话，说的是Passengers必须每五年pay 85美元来做background checks。正确答案D中的unreasonable price 是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的process background checks。干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项C其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项C政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。 25. 答案【C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines 解析：本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening 是原文的具体细节，选项B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。 Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was cho