2013逐词逐句精讲册.pdf

2013年考研英语（一）真题逐词逐句精讲Section I Use of English第一段。People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.,总体而言，人们在自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。at considering background information一级修饰介词短语作句子主干的状语on the whole,插入语句子主干People are,.poor(主+系+表)when引导的时间状语从句，作句子主干的时间状语一级修饰when(they are)making individual decisions.词汇注释information*,nfameifnn.信息；资料individual*indrvid3ula.独自的；个人的2 At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by externalfactors.乍看之下，这似乎是一种优势，它赋予人们在不受外界因素影响的情况下做出判断的能力。一级修饰At first glance插入语句子主干this might seem like a strength(主+系+表)that引导的定语从句，修饰a strength一级修饰that grants the ability to make judgmentswhich引导的定语从句，修饰judgments二级修饰which are unbiased by external factors.词汇注释glance*gla:nsn.匆匆一看优.瞥一眼；粗略地看grant*gra:ntt.授予；承认n.拨款judgment*d3Adsm3ntn.判断：看法：判决external*kst3nla.外界的；外来的；对外的3But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biasedby the daily samples of information they were working with.但尤里西蒙逊博士推测，不能考虑总体局势会导致决策者因受到日常接触信息样本的影响而产生偏见But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated(主+谓+宾从)that引导的宾语从句，作speculated的宾语句子主干that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers动词不定式短语作decision-makers的补足语to be biased by the daily samples of information省略关系词(which/hat)的定语从句，修饰information级修饰they were working with.词汇注释speculate*spekjulentu.推测；猜测；推断consider*kansdr)u.仔细考虑t.认为；体谅biasedbarasta.有偏见的；片面的sample*sa:mpln.样本；取样；样品185For example,he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone toprison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.,提出这样的理论：一名担心对罪行过于心慈手软的法官，如果一天内已经宜判五、六名其他被告只进行强制性社区服务，就更有可能将某个被告送进监狱。For example,he theorised(主+谓+宾从)句子主干that引导的宾语从句，作theorised的宾语that a judge.might be more likely to send someone to prison形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a judgefearful of appearing too soft on crime写引导的条件状语从句一级修饰if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants介词短语作five or six other defendants的补足语only to forced community service on that day.词汇注释heorise1arazu.建立理论；形式理论prison*priznn.监狱；监禁；牢笼sentence*sentanst.宣判，判决n.句子defendant*drfendantn.被告，被告人第二段To test this idea,he turned to the university-.admissions process.为了检验这一想法，他研究了大学录取过程。一级修饰To test this idea,动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语句子主干he turned(主+谓)介词短语作状语，表对象一级修饰to the university-admissions process.词汇注释admission*ad.mIfnn.录用；承认；入场费process*prausesn.过程；步骤；工序In theory,the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly for interview during thesame day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise,理论上，某个申请者的成功不应取决于同一天被随机抽选参加面试的其他几名申请者，但西蒙逊博士怀疑事实并非如此。一级修饰chosen randomly for interview during the same day,过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the few others(1)In theory,the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others(+but连接的并列句，表转折句子主干(2)but Dr Simonsohn suspected(主+谓+宾从)省略引导词(that)的宾语从句，作suspectedf的宾语the truth was otherwise.词汇注释applicanteplikantn.申请人depend on取决于；依赖；依靠randomlyraendamliad.随机地；任意地interview*intavju:n.面试；访谈；会谈suspect*sa.spektt.怀疑；猜想；不信任otherwise*ad3warza.另外的：别的ad.否则第三段He studied the results of9,323 MBA interviews conducted by31 admissions officers.他a研究了由31位面试官进行的9323场MBA面试的结果。句子主干He studied the results(主+谓+宾)介词短语作后置定语，修饰the results一级修饰of 9.323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers.186:词汇注释result*rIZAltn.结果；后果；成绩conduct*kandaktt.进行；指挥；引导The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.面试官按照I到5的等级为申请者评级。级修饰on a scale of one to five.介词短语作句子主干的状语句子主干The interviewers had rated applicants(主+谓+宾):词汇注释rate*rett.评定等级；评估；估价n.速度scale*skeln.等级；范围；标度；比例This scale took numerous factors into consideration.这一评分等级考虑了很多因素。句子主干This scale took numerous factors into consideration.(主+谓+宾+宾补)词汇注释numerous*nju:marasa.许多的，众多的considerationkan,sidareifnn.考虑；深思；体谅The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,orGMAT,a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.该分数随后和申请者的管理学研究生入学考试（简称GMAT,一种以8O0分为满分进行打分的标准化考试）分数共同决定是否录取申请者。一级修饰to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.动词不定式短语作句子主干的目的状语句子主干The scores were then used(主+谓)介词短语作主子主干的状语一级修饰in conjunction with an applicants score介词短语作后置定语，修饰an applicants score二级修饰on the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,GMAT的同位语三级修饰a standardised examwhich引导的定语从句，修饰a standardised exam四级修饰which is marked out of 800 points.词汇注释in conjunction with连同；和协力standardisestandadaizt.使标准化第四段1 Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or morehigher than that of the one before that,then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.西蒙逊博士发现，在当日一系列的申请者中，如果前一位的分数比他/她前一位高出0.75分或更多，那么下一位的分数会平均下降0.075分。Dr Simonsohn found(主+谓+宾从)句子主干省略引导词(hat)的宾语从句，作found的宾语then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.引导的条件状语从句一级修饰if the score.was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that,介词短语作后置定语，修饰the score二级修饰of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees要点注释宾语从句then the score.0.O75 points中，介词短语for the next applicant作后置定语，修饰the score;介词短语by an average of0.075 points作状语，修饰would drop。条件状语从句中，第一个that指代the score,.第二个指代the previous candidate词汇注释candidate*kaendidatn.申请者：候选人average*evorid3】n.平均值；平均数187This might sound small,but to undo the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points thanwould otherwise have been necessary.这也许听起来微乎其微，但是要消除这一下降所带来的影响，申请者的GMAT分数则要比原本所需的多出30分。(l)This might sound small,.(主+系+表)句子主干but连接的并列句，表转折(2)but.a candidate would need30 more GMAT points(主+谓+宾)动词不定式短语作(2)句的目的状语to undo the effects of such a decrease一级修饰than引导的定语从句，修饰30 more GMAT pointsthan would otherwise have been necessary.词汇注释undo*ndu:t消除；松开；打败effect*Ifektn.影响：效应：印象decrease*drkri:sn./u.降低；减少necessary*nes3saria.必需的；必要的Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1第一段1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractiveassistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her.在2006年电影版穿普拉达的女王中，由梅丽尔斯特里普饰演的米兰达普瑞斯特利训斥她的助理毫无魅力，认为高端时尚丝毫没有影响到她。一级修饰In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,介词短语作句子主干的状语句子主干Miranda Priestly,.scolds her unattractive assistant(主+谓+宾)补充说明Miranda Priestlyplayed by Meryl Streep,介词短语作句子主干的原因状语一级修饰for imaginingthat引导的宾语从句，作imagining的宾语that high fashion doesnt affect her.词汇注释version*v3jnn.版本；变体；描述scold*skouldt.训斥，责骂assistant*asistantn.助理；助手；助教affect*afektu.影响；深深打动：使感染2 Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows todepartment stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.普瑞斯特利解释了其助理身上穿的毛衣的深蓝色如何随着时间的推移逐渐过时：从时装秀场到百货商店，最后沦落到折扣区。毫无疑问，这个可怜的女孩就是从折扣区淘来了这件毛衣。Priestly explains(主+谓+宾从)句子主干how引导的宾语从句，作explains的宾语how the deep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years介词短语作状语from fashion shows to department stores一级修饰and连接并列的介词短语and to the bargain bin介词in+whichz引导的定语从句，修饰he bargain bin二级修饰in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.188词汇注释descend*disendvi.下降；相传；来临bargain bin折价商品区；地摊doubtlessdautlasad.几乎肯定地；大概garment*ga:mntn.(一件)衣服第二段1 This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish worlddescribed in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of“fast fashion.时尚界这种从高端到低端演变的观念非常老套，也不同于伊丽莎白克莱恩在着装过度一书中所描述的狂热世界，这是她历时三年完成的对“快时尚”的控诉。一级修饰of the fashion business介词短语作后置定语，修饰This top-down conceptionThis top-down conception.couldnt be more out of date(主+系+表)句子主干o连接的并列表语or at odds with the feverish world过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the feverish world一级修饰described in Overdressed,Overdressed的同位语二级修饰Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion.:词汇注释conception*knsepSnn.观念；构想；怀孕at odds（与)有分歧feverishfi:var可a.狂热的；发烧的indictmentndartmantn.控诉；公诉书2 In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo toreact to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.在过去十多年间，技术的进步使得大众品牌，比如Zara、H&M和优衣库能够更快速地对时尚趋势做出反应，也能更准确地预测（消费者的）需求。In the last decade or so,一级修饰介词短语作句子主干的时间状语such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo举例说明mass-market labelsadvances in technology have allowed mass-narket labels(主+谓+宾+宾补)句子主干and连接并列的动词不定式短语作mass-market labels的补足语to react to trends more quickly and(to)anticipate demand more precisely.词汇注释ors0大约；左右advance*odva:nsn.进步；前进，行进mass-marketmaesma:kta.面向大众的：畅销的trend*trendn.趋势；倾向；动态anticipate*antisipeitt.预料；预见；期望preciselyprmsarsliad.准确地；仔细地Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.更快的推陈出新意昧着商品库存浪费更少、新货上市更频繁且利润更丰厚。句子主干Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more.and more profit.（主+谓+宾)词汇注释turnaroundt3 naraundn.周转期；好转；转机inventory*nvantrin.库存；清单4 These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two,although they dont advertise that-一and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.这些品牌鼓动追求时尚的消费者189