2017考研英语（一)真题 (1).pdf

微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台1 12017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a 3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might evenhelp you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults,researchers from Carnegie MellonUniversity in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and thereceipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold afterbeing 7 to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8 with a cold,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about32 percent of that beneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold,the ones who feltgreater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12.“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thatsusually 14 with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to therelease of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment inrelationships,including that between mother and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is madeprimarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into thebloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain,where it 20 mood,behavior and physiology.1.A UnlikeB BesidesC ThroughoutD Despite2.A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior3.A hostB viewC lessonD choice4.A recallB forgetC avoidD keep5.A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving6.A onB inC atD of7.A devotedB exposedC lostD attracted8.A acrossB alongC downD out9.A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台2 210.A servedB explainedC restoredD required11.A ThusB StillC RatherD Even12.A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests13.A highlightedB minimizedC controlledD increased14.A associatedB equippedC presentedD compared15.A assessB moderateC generateD record16.A in the face ofB in the form ofC in the way ofD in the name of17.A attributeB commitC transferD return18.A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19.A emergesB vanishesC remainsD decreases20.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1First two hours,now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return forincreased safety.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding toomuch of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and privatelives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret checkthat undercover investigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpastairport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improvingeconomy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such asChicagos OHare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airlinesecurity has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airlinetravel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台3 3airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that morepeople are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,thoughthe airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports orrushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to bea win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check areeligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travellers whoare higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.The TSA wants to enroll 25 millionpeople in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since thebeginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bringthe price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,byhelping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes whilemost of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make theprogram work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word“expedited”(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning toA quieter.B faster.C wider.D cheaper.24.One problem with the PreCheck program isA A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly-directed implementation.微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台4 4C The governments reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Getting Stuck in Security LinesB PreChecka Belated SolutionC Less Screening for More SafetyD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis lastreigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests haveerupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory thatpromises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcanoworshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to theheavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets denseatmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacredland and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness tobuild bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding theworld.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystemsor its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is aliving culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn ofcivilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first broughtearly Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development thereignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questionsabout who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why weexplore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our trueancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and toavoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台5 5Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returnedto a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea toembrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures“everything except thatwhich makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,andGDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what hewas referring to.微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台6 6The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half acentury.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter andmisses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKs GDP has been the envy of theWestern world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everythingwas going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite thewarnings about what it could do to their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-beingsheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one ofthe poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningfulimprovements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get amore rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number ofconsistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,majoreconomies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Somerelatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measuresincluding civil society,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as thesole measure of a countrys success,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most commonmethod for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longerenough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or educationoutcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to adecline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.Butpolicymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worryingabout GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because heApraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台7 7Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK LessonBGDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDPDBrexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holdingits nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watchand a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trial failed to tell a jurythat it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governors decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clearintent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concretebenefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is notcriminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucraticproblems without fear of prosecution for bribery.”The basic compact underlyingrepresentative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes thatpublic officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥