2011年考研英语一真题【可复制搜索查词】.pdf

绝密启用前2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英 语（一）（科目代码：201）考生注意事项众1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)fbr each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as cca bodily exercise preciousto health?9 But some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influenceon physical fitness.Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heartand its blood vessels,3 heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hardlaughter is difficult to 4.a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.6,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,laughterapparently accomplishes the 7.Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate thatlaughter 8 muscles,decreasing muscle tone fbr up to 45 minutes after the laughdies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychologicalstress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10feedback that improve an individual9 s emotional state.11 one classical theory ofemotion,our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions.It was argued at theend of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sadwhen the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow15 muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988s social psychologistFritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 apen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile-or with their lips,whichwould produce a(n)17 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths werecontracted in a frown,19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than justthe other way around.20 the physical act of laughter could improve mood.2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 1 页 共 14页1.A amongB exceptC despiteD like2.A reflectB demandC indicateD produce3.A stabilizingB boostingC impairingD determining4.A transmitB sustainC evaluateD observe5.A measurableB manageableC affordableD renewable6.A In turnB In factC In additionD In brief7.A oppositeB impossibleC averageD expected8.A hardensB weakensC tightensD relaxes9.A aggravateB generateC moderateD enhance10.A physicalB mentalC subconsciousD internal11.A Except forB According toC Due toD AS fbr12.A withB onC inD at13.A unlessB untilC ifD because14.A exhaustsB followsC precedesD suppresses15.A intoB fromC towardsD beyond16.A fetchB biteC pickD hold17.A disappointedB excitedC joyfulD indifferent18.A adaptedB cateredC turnedD reacted19.A suggestingB requiringC mentioningD supposing20.A EventuallyB ConsequentlyC SimilarlyD ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 2 页 共 14页Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next musicdirector has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the suddenannouncement of his appointment in 2009.For the most part,the response has beenfavorable,to say the least.etHooray!At last!”wrote Anthony Tommasini,a sober-sidedclassical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is thatGilbert is comparatively little known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilbertsappointment in the Times,calls him“an unpretentious musician with no air of theformidable conductor about As a description of the next music director of anorchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez,that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part,I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one.To be sure,he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions,but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall,or anywhere else,to hear interestingorchestral music.All I have to do is to go to my CD shel or boot up my computer anddownload still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for liveperformance are missing the point.For the time,attention,and money of the art-lovingpublic,classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses,dancetroupes,theater companies,and museums,but also with the recorded performances ofthe great classical musicians of the 20th century.These recordings are cheap,availableeverywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays liveperformances;moreover,they can be ccconsumed99 at a time and place of the listenerschoosing.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisisin the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new musicthat is not yet available on record.Gilberts own interest in new music has been widelynoted:Alex Ross,a classical-music critic,has described him as a man who is capable ofturning the Philharmonic into a markedly different,more vibrant organization.Butwhat will be the nature of that difference?Merely expanding the orchestral repertoirewill not be enough.If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed,they must firstchange the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience ithopes to attract.2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 3 页 共 14页21.We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert9 s appointment hasA incurred criticism.B raised suspicion.C received acclaim.D aroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isA influential.B modest.C respectable.D talented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoersA ignore the expenses of live performances.B reject most kinds of recorded performances.C exaggerate the variety of live performances.D overestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?A They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B They are easily accessible to the general public.C They help improve the quality of music.D They have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic,the author feelsA doubtful.B enthusiastic.C confident.D puzzled.2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 4 页 共 14页Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August,hisexplanation was surprisingly straight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vagueexcuses,he came right out and said he was leaving ccto pursue my goal of running acompany.Broadcasting his ambition was 66very much my decision,“McGee says.Within two weeks,he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford FinancialServices Group,which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on whatkind of company he wanted to run.It also sent a clear message to the outside worldabout his aspirations.And McGee isnt alone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives atAvon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking fbr a CEOpost.As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on.A turbulent businessenvironment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloudtheir reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold,deputy chiefs may be more willingto make the jump without a net.In the third quarter,CEO turnover was down 23%froma year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,according to LiberumResearch.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look fbr a better one is unconventional.Foryears executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEOcandidates are the ones who must be poached.Says Kom/Ferry senior partner DennisCarey:I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me tolook at sitting CEOs first.55Those who jumped without a job haven,t always landed in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago,saying she wanted to be a CEO.Itwas a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange.Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO.He finally tookthat post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fbr top performers.The financialcrisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.Thetraditional rule was ifs safer to stay where you are,but thafs been fundamentallyinverted/5 says one headhunter.The people who5ve been hurt the worst are thosewhove stayed too long.”2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 5 页 共 14页26.When McGee announced his departure,his maimer can best be described as beingA arrogant.B frank.C self-centered.D impulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,senior executives5 quitting may be spurred byA their expectation of better financial status.B their need to reflect on their private life.C their strained relations with the boards.D their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word“poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansA approved oB attended to.C hunted for.D guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA top performers used to cling to their posts.B loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.C top performers care more about reputations.ED its safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A CEOs:Where to Go?B CEOs:All the Way Up?C Top Managers Jump without a NetD The Only Way Out fbr Top Performers2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 6 页 共 14页Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditional“paid media-such as television commercials and printadvertisements一still play a major role,companies today can exploit many alternativeforms of media.Consumers passionate about a product may create cc earned55 media bywillingly promoting it to friends,and a company may leverage“owned“media bysending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means thatmarketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products.For earned media,such marketers act as the initiator for users9 responses.But in somecases,one marketers owned media become another marketers paid mediafbr instance,when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.We define such sold mediaas owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content ore-commerce engines within that environment.This trend,which we believe is still in itsinfancy,effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotelsand will no doubt go fiirther.Johnson&Johnson,fbr example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitiveproducts.Besides generating income,the presence of other marketers makes the siteseem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about theappeal of other companies5 marketing,and may help expand user traffic fbr allcompanies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more(and more diverse)communications choices have also increased the risk that passionateconsumers will voice their opinions in quicker,more visible,and much more damagingways.Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media:an asset or campaignbecomes hostage to consumers,other stakeholders,or activists who make negativeallegations about a brand or product.Members of social networks,fbr instance,arelearning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originallycreated them.If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycottproducts,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.In such a case,thecompany5 s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtfill,and the learning curvehas been steep.Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recallcrisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-mediaresponse campaign,which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sitessuch as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 7 页 共 14页31.Consumers may create“earned“media when they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.B inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2,sold media featureA a safe business environment.B random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.D deserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motor9s experience is cited as an example ofA responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Conflict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.2011年 英 语（一）试 题 第 8 页 共 14页Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Senior5s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate My Life/9 is arousing much chatter-nothing gets peopletalking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fillfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding that children make parents eitherhappy or miserable,Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness:instead of thinkingof it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should considerbeing happy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-day experience of raisingkids can be soul-cmshingly hard,Senior writes that ccthe very things that in the momentdampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.,The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly theonly Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.There are also stories aboutnewly adoptive 一 and newly single