2011-2020真题(1).pdf

绝密启用前2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一(科目代码：201)考生注意事项1,答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名1.A.InB.TowardsC.OnD.Till2.A.matchB.expressC.satisfyD.influence3.A.patienceB.enjoymentC.surpriseD.concern4.A.intensifiedB.privilegedC.compelledD.guaranteed5.A.issuedB.receivedC.ignoredD.cancelled6.A.underB.atC.forD.by7.A.forgetB.regretC.finishD.avoid8.A.partiallyB.regularlyC.easilyD.initially9.A.UnlessB.SinceC.IfD.While10.A.secondaryB.externalC.conclusiveD.negative11.A.insufficientB.boundC.likelyD.slow12.A.On the basis of B.At the cost ofC.In addition toD.In contrast to13.A.interestingB.advisableC.urgentD.fortunate14.A.As usualB.In particularC.By definitionD.After all15.A.resemblanceB.combinationC.connectionD.pattern16.A.madeB.servedC.savedD.used17.A.To be fairB.For instanceC.To be briefD.In general18.A.reluctantlyB.entirelyC.graduallyD.carefully19.A.promiseB.experienceC.campaignD.competition20.A.follow upB.pick upC.open upD.end upSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)英语（一）试题.2.（共15页）Text 1A group of Labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in thenew year with a call to institute a UK town of cultureaward.The proposal isthat it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held byHull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021.Cooper and hercolleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought inf220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,ought not to be confined tocities.Britains towns,it is true,are not prevented from applying,but theygenerally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitors.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attractingfunding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is nolonger able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital ofculture,a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endlessfever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexitworld:after town of culture,who knows what will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run yearof culturewashes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for aspell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successfulholders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedroomsand bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform theaspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the cityinto a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires aremarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,theprivate sector,community groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgows year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of acomplex series of factors that have turned the city into the powerhouse of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A town of culturecould be not just about the arts but about honouring atowns peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities andabove all celebrating its people.Jeremy Wright,the culture secretary,shouldwelcome this positive,hope-filled proposal,and turn it into action.英语（一）试题.3.（共15页）21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a town of cultureawardcouldA.consolidate the town-city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Britains townsC.increase the economic strength of Britains townsD.focus Britains limited resources on cultural events22.According to Paragraph 2,the proposal might be regarded by someasA.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if itA.endeavours to maintain its imageB.meets the aspirations of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominenceD.commits to its long-term growth24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to presentA.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the authors attitude towards the proposal?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Favourable.D.Critical.英语（一）试题.4.（共15页）Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists needjournals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles withoutmonetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer reviewalso for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and theproduction of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find amarket for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very pricesensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in anexistential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25%of the scientificpapers produced in the world,made profits of more than f900m last year,whileUK universities alone spent more than f210m in 2016 to enable researchers toaccess their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppablydespite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence ofSci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they havethemselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy amongits users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by fun-ding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of allBritish scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freelyavailable from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so thatthe publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free toreaders by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around f 500 to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that thecosts both of subscriptions and of these article preparation costshad beensteadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishingmodel resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free inexchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firmswho run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.英语（一）试题.5.（共15页）