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微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台1 11989 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.Read the whole passage before making yourchoice.(10 points)One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities.Vast areas of desert throughout theworld may for the first time1and provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.By the end of this century this may not be mere2.Scientists are already looking into the possibilityof using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.In these regions there are vast ice-caps formed bysnow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years.Layer3layer of deep snow means that,when melted,thesnow water would be pure,not salty as sea-ice would be.There is so much4pure water here that it wouldneed only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland.Andwhat useful packages it would come in!It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and transport it!Alternatively perhaps a passing iceberg could be5.11They are always breaking away from the main caps andfloating around,pushed by currents,until they eventually melt and are wasted.12Many icebergs are,of course,far too small to be towed6distance,and would melt before theyreached a country that needed them anywhere.13It would be necessary to locate one that was7and that wasbig enough to provide a good supply of ice when it reached us.14Engineers think that an iceberg up to seven mileslong and one and a half miles wide could be transported if the tug pulling it was as big as a supertanker!15Eventhen they would cover only twenty miles every day.16However,8the iceberg was at its destination,more that7,000 million cubic metres of water could be taken from it!17That would probably be more than enough for anymedium-sized city even in the hottest summer!18But no doubt a use could be found for it.199,scientist say,there would not be too much wastage in such a journey.20The larger the iceberg,the slower it melts,even if it istowed through the tropics.21This is because when the sun has a bigger area to warm10,less heat actuallygets into the iceberg.22The vast frozen centre would be unaffected.394 words1.A come to lifeB come into existenceC come into activityD come round2.A speculationB imaginationC computationD expectation3.A aboveB ofC uponD over4.A essentialB potentialC claimableD obtainable5.A seizedB snatchedC grabbedD captured6.A muchB anyC someD certain7.A manageable B manipulativeC operableD controllable8.A afterB whileC sinceD once9.A ApparentlyB NoticeablyC DistinctlyD Notably10.A roundB overC upD throughSection IIReading Comprehension微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台2 2Each of the two passages below is followed by five questions.For each question there are four answers.Readthe passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Put your choice in the brackets on theleft.(10 points)Text 1A scientist once said:“I have concluded that the earth is being visited by intelligently controlled vehicles fromouter space.”If we take this as a reasonable explanation for UFOs(unidentified flying objects),questions immediately comeup.“Why dont they get in touch with us,then?Why dont they land right on the White House lawn and declarethemselves?”people asked.In reply,scientists say that,while this may be what we want,it may not necessarily be what they want.“The most likely explanation,it seems to me,”said Dr.Mead,“is that they are simply watching what we areup to-that responsible society outside our solar system is keeping an eye on us to see that we dont set in motion achain reaction that might have unexpected effects for outside our solar system.”Opinions from other scientists might go like this:“Why should they want to get in touch with us?We may feelwere more important than we really are!They may want to observe us only and not interfere with the developmentof our civilization.They may not care if we see them but they also may not care to say hello.”Some scientists have also suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or wildlife reserve.Just as we set asidewilderness areas and wildlife reserves to allow animals and growing things to develop naturally while we observethem,so perhaps Earth was set aside ages ago for the same purpose.Are we being observed by intelligent beings from other civilizations in the universe?Are they watchingour progress in space travel?Do we live in a gigantic“zoo”observed by our“keepers,”but having nocommunication with them?Never before in our history have we had to confront ideas like these.The simple fact is that we,whohave always regarded ourselves as supreme in the universe,may not be so.Now we have to recognize that,among the stars in the heavens,there may very well be worlds inhabited by beings who are to us as we are to ants.11.People who ask the question“Why donttheygetintouchwithus.and declarethemselves?”think that _.A there are no such things as UFOsB UFOs are visitors from solar systemC theres no reason for UFOs sooner or laterD we are bound to see UFOs sooner or later12.According to Dr.Mead,the attitude ofbeings from outer space toward us is one of_.A unfriendlinessB suspicionC superiority微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台3 3D hostility13.The tone of the writer is that of _.A doubtB warningC indifferenceD criticismText 2The use of the motor is becoming more and more widespread in the twentieth century;as an increasingnumber of countries develop both technically and economically,so a larger proportion of the worlds population isable to buy and use a car.Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility,enabling the driver to movearound freely.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport and is,therefore,not compelledto work locally.He can choose from different jobs and probably changes his work more frequently as he is notrestricted to a choice within a small radius.Travelling to work by car is also more comfortable than having touse public transport;the driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in the summer to suit hisown needs and preference.There is no irritation caused by waiting for trains,buses or underground trains,standing in long patient queues,or sitting on windy platforms,for as long as half an hour sometimes.With thebuilding of good,fast motorways long distances can be covered rapidly and pleasantly.For the first time in thiscentury also,many people are now able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips to the country orseaside at the weekends,instead of being confined to their immediate neighbourhood.This feeling ofindependence,and the freedom to go where you please,is perhaps the greatest advantage of the car.When considering the drawbacks,perhaps pollution is of prime importance.As more and more cars areproduced and used,so the emission from their exhaust-pipes contains an ever larger volume of poisonous gas.Some of the contents of this gas,such as lead,not only pollute the atmosphere but cause actual harm to the healthof people.Many of the minor illnesses of modern industrial society,headaches,tiredness,and stomach upsetsare thought to arise from breathing polluted air;doctors surgeries are full of people suffering from illnesses causedby pollution.It is also becoming increasingly difficult to deal with the problem of traffic in towns;most of theimportant cities of the world suffer from traffic congestion.In fact any advantage gained in comfort is oftencancelled out in city driving by the frustration caused by traffic jams:endless queues of cars crawling one afteranother through all the main streets.As an increasing number of traffic regulation schemes are devised,the poorbewildered driver finds himself diverted and forced into one-way systems which cause even greater delays than thetraffic jams they are supposed to prevent.The mounting cost of petrol and the increased license fees and roadtax all add to the drivers worries.In fact,he must sometimes wonder if the motor car is such a blessing and notjust a menace.14.More and more people can afford to buyand use cars because _.A an increasing number of cars are beingproducedB the cost of cars is getting cheaper with thedevelopment of technologyClotsofcountrieshavebecomemore微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台4 4developedD the use of cars has proved to be moreeconomical15.The advantages of having a car are bestexperienced in the drivers _.A freedom in choosing his jobB comfort during the travelsC enjoyment of his leisure timeD feeling of self-reliance16.What is considered by the writer as thegreatest menace to the people caused by thewidespread use of motor cars?A air pollutionB traffic jamsC fatal diseasesD high costText 3Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent.It is nothing for a big,strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus,muchless stand up and offer his seat to her,as he ought.In fact,it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seatto an older woman,it is nearly always a Continental man or one from the older generation.This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men,who say that,sincewomen have claimed equality,they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to workshould take their turn in the rat race like anyone else.Women have never claimed to be physically as strong asmen.Even if it is not agreed,however,that young men should stand up for younger women,the fact remainsthat courtesy should be shown to the old,the sick and the burdened.Are we really so lost to all ideals ofunselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book,saying to ourselves“First come,firstserved,”while a grey-haired woman,a mother with a young child or a cripple stands?Yet this is all too oftenseen.Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone,we know,but hardship is surely no excuse.Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behaviour of these stout young men in a packed refugee train ora train on its way to a prison-camp during the War.Would they have considered it only right and their proper dueto keep the best places for themselves then?Older people,tired and irritable from a days work,are not angels,either far from it.Many a briskargument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses andtubes.One cannot commend this,of course,but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all,however,it seems imperative,not only that微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台5 5communications in transport should be improved,but also that communication between human beings should bekept smooth and polite.All over cities,it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.Shopassistants wont bother to assist,taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners,busconductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus,and so on and so on.It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.17.From what you have read,would youexpect manners to improve among people_?A who are physically weak or crippledB who once lived in a prison-camp during theWarC who live in big modern citiesD who live only in metropolitan cities18.Whatisthewritersopinionconcerningcourteous manners towards women?A Now that women have claimed equality,theyno longer need to be treated differently from men.B It is generally considered old-fashioned foryoung men to give up their seats to young women.C“Lady First”should be universally practiced.D Special consideration ought to be shown them.19.According to the author communicationbetween human beings would be smoother if_.A people were more considerate towards eachotherB people were not so tired and irritableC women were treated with more courtesyD public transport could be improved20.What is the possible meaning of the word“deterioration”in the last paragraph?A worsening of general situationB lowering of moral standards微信公众号考研路上的幸福哥，考研干货最多的公众平台6 6C declining of physical constitutionD spreading of evil conductSection IIIEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following passage into Chinese.Only the underlined sentences are to be translated.(20 points)When Jane Matheson started work at Advanced Electronics Inc.12 years ago,(21)she laboured over amicroscope,hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour.Now she tends the computerizedmachinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at the rate of 2,600 per hour.Production is up,profits are up,her income is up and Mrs.Matheson says the work is far less strain on her eyes.But the most significant effect of the changes at AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there.Beforethe new computerized equipment was introduced,there were 940 workers at the plant.Now there are 121.(22)Aplant follow-up survey showed that one year after the layoffs only 38%of the released workers found newemployment at the same or better wages.Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13%are still out ofwork.The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the latesttechnology,but leave the majority of their workers behind.(23)Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down,the newtechnological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century.One corporation economist says the growth of“machine job replacement”has been with us since the beginning ofthe industrial revolution,but never at the pace it is now.The human costs will be astonishing.(24)“Its humiliatingto be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back,but it is the effort to find a new job thatreally hurts.”Some workers,like Jane Matheson,are retrained to handle the new equipment,but often a whole newset of skills is required and that means a new,and invariably smaller set of workers.(25)The old workers,trappedby their limited skills,often never regain their old status and employment.Many drift into marginal areas.They feelno pride in their new work.They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable,but still they are luckier than thosewho never find it.(26)The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government.Unemployment increases the chances of divorce,child abuse,and alcoholism,a new federal survey shows.Someexperts say the problem is only temporary.that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys.(27)But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology means there will be asimple and direct net reduction in