2006真题.pdf

绝密启用前2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）(科目代码:201)1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。(以下信息考生必须认真填写)考生编号考生姓名SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmericaspopulation.1，homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscantpossibly2Tohelphomelesspeople3independence，thefederalgovernmentwage,andfundmustsupportjobtrainingprograms，4thelow-costhousing.minimummoreeveryoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8Oneofthefederalgovernmentsstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight，agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthementaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedmentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives16BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.What9sneededisapackagedeal.5homelesshaveseriousor英 语（一）试 题.1(共1 4页）B.LikewiseC.Therefore1.A.IndeedD.FurthermoreD.retain2.A.standC.approveC.withB.cope3.A.inB.forD.toward4.A.raiseB.addC.takeD.keepD.NotB.AlmostC.Hardly5.A.GenerallyB.changeC.rangeC.ProvidedD.differ6.A.coverBAlthoughD.ExceptthatD.extendingD.discovers7.A.NowthatC.increasingC.provesC.sustain8.A.inflating9.A.predicts10.A.assistB.expandingB.displaysBtrackD.dismissC.EvenD.OnlyB.But11.A.HenceC.dwellingD.house12.A.lodgingBshelterD.wanderingD.whereasB.strollingB.onceC.crowding13.A.searchingC.while14.A.whenD.maintenanceC.survival15.A.lifeB.existenceC.onD.up16.A.aroundB.overB.comprehensiveC.complementaryD.compensatingB.Since17.A.complex18.A.SoDThusC.AsD.makesC.B.interpretsB.manipulationC.regulation19.A.puts20.A.supervisionassumesD.coordinationSectionnReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)英 语（一）试 题.2.(共1 4页）Text1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference，”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereisthedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattodaysimmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofthepopulation；in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents；inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilationlanguage,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglishwellorverywellaftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmerica“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bomAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yetsomeAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenationsassimilativepower.AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmerica?Indeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmericasturbulentpast,todayssocialindiceshardlysuggestdeterioratingsocialenvironment.asawomendarkanda英 语（一）试 题.3.(共1 4页）21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line2，Paragraph1)mostprobablymeansA.identifyingB.associatingC.assimilatingD.monopolizing22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcenturyA.playedaroleinthespreadofpopularcultureB.becameintimateshopsforC.satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableeliteD.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumptioncommonconsumers23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.A.areresistanttohomogenizationB.exertagreatinfluenceonAmericancultureC.arehardlyathreattothecommoncultureD.constitutethemajorityofthepopulation24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?A.Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.B.Torevealthepublicsfearofimmigrants.C.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.D.ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.25.Intheauthorsopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyisA.rewardingB.successfulC.fruitlessD.harmful英语（一）试题.4.(共1 4页）Text2Stratford-on-Avon,Shakespearebuttherebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC)，whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays.,buttolookatAnneHathawaysCottage,Shakespearesbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirTheyfranklydisliketheRSCsactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.ItsalldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.ThesightseerswhocomebybusandoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceonthesidedontusuallyseetheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.Itistheplaygoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetownsrevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.ThetownsfolkdontseeitthiswayandthelocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere,whichyoumaybewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcantunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyeartheylldobetter.)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratfordsmostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.allknow,hasonlytwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostileindustryWilliamasweonearerevenue.sure英语（一）试题.5.(共14页）26.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat.A.thetownsfolkdenytheRSCscontributiontothetownsrevenueB.theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstageC.thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodtermsD.thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that.A.thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparatelyB.theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseersC.thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoersD.theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater28.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3，Paragraph4)，theauthorimpliesthat.A.StratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojectsB.StratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficultiesC.thetownisnotreallyshortofmoneyD.thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid29.Accordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseA.ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespendingB.thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managedC.thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptableD.thetheatreattendanceisontherise30.FromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthorA.issupportiveofbothsidesB.favorsthetownsfolksviewC.takesadetachedattitudeD.issympathetictotheRSC英 语（一）试 题.6.(共1 4页）Text3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalseasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeninginthewereoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingschanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)infisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartoflong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Todaysvesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateareanewexploitation.Insomeoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishlosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongerproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthesustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.wereamaximum英语（一）试题.7.(共14页）31.TheextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthatA.largeanimalswerevulnerabletothechangingenvironmentB.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappearedC.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattodayD.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones32.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Wormspaperthat.A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsagoC.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamountD.thenumberoflargepredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold33.Bysaying“thesefiguresareconservative”（Line1，Paragraph3)，Dr.WormmeansthatA.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidlyB.thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecordedC.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterlossD.thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate34.Dr.MyersandotherresearchersholdthatA.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertimeB.fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomassC.theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevelD.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation35.TheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheriesA.managementefficiencyB.biomasslevelC.catch-sizelimitsD.technologicalapplication英 语（一）试 题.8(共1 4页）Text4weird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis：artistsonlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasntalwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless，phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworthsdaffodilstoBaudelairesflowersofevil.ManythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareYoucouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemodemtimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butitsnotasifearliertimesdidntknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.Afterall,whatistheonemodemformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia，andwithit，acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforecommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulchurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagendatolureustoopenourwalletstheymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget一whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting一isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,Mementomorirememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthatnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.Itsamessagemediumwasthemassmassreligiononcedid,ashappinessmorebitterthanaclovecigarette，yet，somehow,abreathoffreshair.evencomes英 语（一）试 题.9.(共1 4页）36.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat.A.poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusicB.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelingsC.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappinessD.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest37.Theword“bummer”(Line6,Paragraph5)mostprobablysomethingmeansA.religiousB.unpleasantC.entertainingD.commercial38.Intheauthorsopinion,advertisingA.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyartB.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegen