2017考研英语二真题及答案解析.微信公众号【考研会】提供.pdf

2017 年年考研英语二真题考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，withacademics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2.A few wealthy people willown all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of adifferent sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5，people will simplybecome lazy and depressed.6 todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time.OneGallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a yearreport having depression，double the rate for 7Americans.Also，some research suggests that the8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educatedmiddle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizingdullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filledwith unease.Such visions are based on the12 of being unemployed in a society built on theconcept of employment.In the13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mindcould 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.Today，the 15 ofwork may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste ofhuman potential，”says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their freetime to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17 of their jobs.“When I come home froma hard days work，I often feel 18，”Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I dont haveto work，I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself19 a hobbyor a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring2.A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty3.A policyBguidelineC resolutionD prediction4.A characterizedBdividedC balancedDmeasured5.A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom6.A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless7.A richB urbanCworkingD educated8.A explanationB requirementC compensationD substitute9.A underB beyondC alongsideD among10.A leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside11.A statisticallyB occasionallyC necessarilyD economically12.A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles13.A absenceB heightC faceD course14.A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield15.A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship16.A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17.A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats18.A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved19.A offB againstC behindD into20.A technologicalB professionalC educationalD interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning,at 9 am,more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km aroundtheir local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and hasinspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousandsof volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times rangefromAndrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic legacy is failing.Ten years ago onMonday,it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level anation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doingweekly sport did rise,by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the generalpopulation was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an acceleratingrate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport aweek have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Officialretrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to inspire a generation.Thesuccess of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethoswelcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clappedover the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dualaim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating fornewcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planningof such a fundamentally grassroots,concept as community sports associations.Ifthere is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providingcommon goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pavetennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities inschools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to providethe conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_.Agained great popularityBcreated many jobsCstrengthened community tiesDbecome an official festival22.The author believes that Londons Olympic legacy has failed to_.Aboost population growthBpromote sport participationCimprove the citys imageDincrease sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_.Aaims at discovering talentsBfocuses on mass competitionCdoes not emphasize elitismDdoes not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should_.Aorganize grassroots sports eventsBsupervise local sports associationsCincrease funds for sports clubsDinvest in public sports facilities25.The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.AtolerantBcriticalCuncertainDsympatheticText 2With so much focus on childrens use of screens,its easy for parents to forget abouttheir own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radeskyin her study of digital play,and digital products are there to promote maximalengagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into thefamily routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by givingmother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devicesduring the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phonesbecame a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emailswhile the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understand their world,and if thosefaces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceitcan be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still faceexperiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.In it,amother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blankexpression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention.Parents donthave to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parentsneed to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of anemotional need,says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use ofscreens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents shouldalways be interacting”with their children:“Its based on a somewhat fantasized,verywhite,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose yourchild to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because achild isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value to itparticularly ifit gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break fromtheir child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friendor get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then bemore available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to _.Asimplify routine mattersBabsorb user attentionCbetter interpersonal relationsDincrease work efficiency27.Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothersuse of devices _.Atakes away babiesappetiteBdistracts childrens attentionCslows down babiesverbal developmentDreduces mother-child communication28.Radeskys cites the“still face experiment”to show that _.Ait is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsBverbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeCchildren are insensitive to changes in their parentsmoodDparents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.Aprotect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesBteach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearCensure constant interaction with their childrenDremain concerned about kids use of screens29.【答案】C【解析】本题目为具体细节题。根据题干的关键词 oppressive ideology 和大写字母 Tronick 定位到最后一段的第一句话 that 之后。本句 that 后的 demands 对应题干的 requires，说道“父母应该总是要交流”。正确选项 C 的 constant interaction对应原文的 always interacting。干扰项 A 的 fantasies 是定位句下一句中的个别词干扰；选项 B 的 30000words 同样是定位句之后的句子中提到的，而且是 if 的一个条件句；选项 D 的 concerned 是末段首句的 concerned，但是偷换概念。30.According to Tronick,kids use of screens may_.Agive their parents some free timeBmake their parents more creativeChelp them with their homeworkDhelp them become more attentiveText 3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone youknow is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesnt it?Andafter going to school for 12 years,it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isnt academic.But while this may be true,its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the sociallyperpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medicalschool or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does nothinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap yearare generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing themfor independence,new responsibilities and environmental changesall things thatfirst-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen theblow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand newenvironment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather thanacclimation blunders.If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to theNational Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80 percent of college students end upchanging their majors at least once.This isnt surprising,considering the basicmandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding ofthemselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to anotherafter taking college classes.Its not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on theschool,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.AtBoston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you toswitch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figurethings out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.Athey think it academically misleadingBthey have a lot of fun to expect in collegeCit feels strange to do differently from othersDit seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.Akeep students from being unrealisticBlower risks in choosing careersCease freshmens financial burdensDrelieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”（Line 8,Para.3）is closest in meaning to_.AadaptationBapplicationCmotivationDcompetition34.Agap year may save money for students by helping them_.Aavoid academic failuresBestablish long-term goalsCswitch to another collegeDdecide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be_.AIn Favor of the Gap YearBThe ABCs of the Gap YearCThe Gap Year Comes BackDThe Gap Year:ADilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency ofwildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,saysProfessor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on suchefforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards theagencys other worksuch as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resourcesmanagement,and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are goinginto construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federaldollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the wholecountry,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,isthis OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazardparts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today viewsfire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the pastdecade,the focus has been on climate changehow the warming of the Earth fromgreenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldnt come at the expense of therest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions goboth ways,he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to an overly simplifiedview of what the solutions might be.Our perce