必考词
第二节练习题及答案
必考
第二
练习题
答案
红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 红 宝 书 红 宝 书 考研英语词汇考研英语词汇(必考词(必考词+基础词基础词+超纲词)超纲词)练习题及答案详解 练习题及答案详解 必必 考考 词词 第二节第二节(Unit 8Unit 14;第 50 页98 页)练习一:练习一:词汇与搭配词汇与搭配 1 Myyear,yetsheseemstobeacquainted s.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonl_everyonewhocomestothestore.YourfluencyinEnglishgivesyouanadvantage 2 theothercandidatesforthejob.3Hehasbeencharged murderinghiswife.irtiescame Hiseffortstobringaboutareconcil ationbetweenthetwopa4.5Peoplewhorefusetocomply thelawwillbepunished.6redindependently Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsideeach otherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.Paulstronglydeniedthathewasguilty 7cheatinginnocentcustomers.1红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 28Thetravelerssoughtshelter therainandhappenedtofindaroadsidetofindaroadsideinn.If9youpersist causingtroubles,thecompanywillhavetodismissyou.0Really,she seemed embarrassed when her partner made a spectacle1 _himselfonthedancefloorlastnight.11Themonumentwaserected memoryofthepeoplewhodevotedtheirlivestothecauseofCommunism.练习二:练习二:词汇辨析词汇辨析 1Underthe _confrontingthemitwasimpossibletocontinuethestrikeany longer.Asurroundings Bsettings Ccircumstances Denvironments2Thepicture _myschooldaystomymind.Arecalled d Breminded CremembereDrecollected3esniThetwooilcompa _tocutcosts.Amixed BmingledCmergedDmessed4 _ Theblackcloudsrain.Aindicated ted BhintedCsuggesDmeant红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 35 Farmingdemandsforecastsoftheweather.Aprecise t te BcorrecCaccuraDexactaniesareevolvingfrommassproductionmanufacturingto6Americancomp_ enterprises.Amoveable BchangingCflexible Dvarying7He havingbeenfri ghtened.Aacknowledged d BconfessedCrecognizeDadmitted8 Mycameracanbetotakepicturesincloudyorsunnyconditions.Aadapted Badjusted Cadopted Dremedied9Please meonthatsubject.Aenlighten BacquaintCinform Dinstruct10ges,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits Withallitsadvanta.Aboundaries nts BlimitationsCconfinemeDrestraints11A translationisnotalwaystheclosesttotheoriginalmeaning.Aliteral Bliberal CliterateDliterary红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 412afewmonthsagoislargeenoughto Thenewhotelbuiltovertwohundredpeople.Acontain Bhold Cprovide eDaccommodat13 Doyoulikethis o fcoffee?Atrademark Bsign Cmark Dbrand14ionof Withtheintroducttechnology,informationflowsfasterthaniteverdid.Ainvolved ted ated BcomplicaCsophisticDcomplex15 energy must be released in one form or another,for example,anearthquake.AGathered d BCollected CAccumulateDAssembled16thematicsexamination,TomfeelsveryHavingfailedinthema _.Aoppressed BsuppressedCdepressed Dcompressed17learningprocessissometimestoo nsinThedescriptionofwhathappe.Acomplextounderstand BdifficulttobeunderstoodCcomplicatedtounderstand Dcomplicatedenoughtounderstandyhouse.Inthe 18Thisisapictureofmyoucanseethemountains.Aresidence t Bsetting CenvironmenDsightseeing红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 519Withprices somuch,itshardforthecompanytoplanabudget.Afluctuating Bwaving CswingingDvibrating20canbeinsomeway Ifyourknowledgewithmyexperiences,wearesuretosucceed.Ajoined Bunited CconnectedDcombined练练习三:习三:英语知识运用英语知识运用 1Whentelevisionfirstbegantoexpand,veryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomecommentators were able to be equally effective on television.Some of thetheyweretryingto experiencedwhenthemselvestothenewmediumwerettechnical.Aturn BadaptCalter Dmodify2Thefirstmanwhocookedhisfood,insteadofeatingifraw,livedsolongagoideawhohewasorwherehelived.Wedoknow,however,thatforrs,foodwasalwayseatencoldand thatwehavenoofyeathousands.Araw BcrudeCdry Dfresh3Whotalksmore,womenormen?Theseeminglycontradictoryevidenceis_bythedifferencewhatIcallpublicandprivatespeaking.Moremenfeelcomfortabledoing“publicspeaking,”whilemorewomenfeelcomfortabledoingAnotherwayofcapturingthesedifferencesisbyusingthedrapport(协调关系)talk.“private”speaking.alkansed termsreporttAcompromiBreckoned红红宝书宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 6Creinforced Dreconciled4Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpoint alone,safety pays off.The fewer the injury ,the better thencerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingataworkmansinsuraaloss.profitoratAclaims BreportsCdeclarations Dproclamations5ToEdwardHalltheprincipaldifferencebetweenculturesiswhethertheyaremonochromicorpolychromic.Inmonochromiccultures(UnitedStates,NorthernEurope)peopledothingsonebyone.Theyfollowschedulesbecausetimecanbeorsaved.Promptnessisessential,andonewhoislateha squanderedagraveoffense.Amade tted BcommiCdone Dtaken6 ThepurposeofnonREMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthose forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingorthesocietyforSleeppolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnonResearchinMinneaREMsleep.Amaintained BdescribedCsettled Dafforded7Itisnotonlyinaffluentsocietiesthatpeopleareobsessedwiththeideaofmaking more money.Consumer goods are everywhere and modernindustrydeliberately sets out tocreate new markets.Gone are the days whenaremadetolastforever.Thewheelsofindustrymustbekeptindustrialgoodsturning.Adesirable BdesirousCdesired Ddesiring红红宝书宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 78.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthg unemployment in general make gainful employment increasinglyobtain.and risindifficulttoAaffect BreduceCcheck Dreflect 9Consequently,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinnaturalfoods:foodswhichitivesandwhichhavenotbeen donotcontainaddbychemicalfertilizersingtoday.widelyusedinfarmAeffected d BinterfereCdisturbedDaffected10Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelementsusuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and sometimes nitrogen.They are different in that are arranged differently,and each vitamin been their elementsone orunctionsinthebody.morespecificfAundertakes BholdsCplays Dperforms11When we grow older enough to earn a living,it does not surprise us todiscoverthatsuccessismeasuredintermsofthemoneyweearn.Wespendtheurliveskeepingupwithourneighbors,theJoneses.Ifwebuyanew,Jonesis wholeofotelevisionsettobuyabiggerandbetterone.AboundBdestinedCdoomedDdetermined12 TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureandthefoodindustry salesndkeepaccuraterecords.Thisinformationtellsuswhatpeoplearerchangesinattitudesandtastes.statisticsaeatingandtheieAgatherBaccumulatCcompileDcompare红红宝宝 网址:书书 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 813Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has becomeincreasingly difficult.Even when homeless individuals manage to find awillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodlspendthebulkofeachdaywanderingthestreet._thatnumberstilAlodginggBshelterCdwellinDhouse14Oncemanbegantoraisehisownanimals,hedidnothavetogooutandhunteat.And,since he did not have to move from one place to anotherorfood,manwasableto for his mfhuntingdownandliveinoneplace.AcalmBgetCcomeDsettle15Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountryspeople.Oldcountries that have numerous craftsmen are better placed to producencountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Furthermore,wealtheswealth.wealththaalsoproducAskillfulBskilledCcapableDshrewd16Anewcomputersystemhasbeendesignedtostopshipssinking.Thegreaterdangertoholedvesselisthatfloodingofitscompartmentswillmaketheshipunstableenoughtocapsize.Itisestimatedthatnearlyhalftheshipslostduringthe second world war capsized because of loss of stability.Pacer Systems ofMassachusetts,hasnowrefinedasystem Burlington.byareserveUSNavynDrabvouski,whicheffectivelysecondguessestheship.officer,StepheAownedBsearchedCcapturedDdevised红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 9练习四:练习四:语法与词汇语法与词汇 1TherewasaverwyinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIread rhathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.ecently_A.giving B.gave.togiveCD.given2houtconductingelaboratemarketToday,_majornewproductswitresearch.A.corporationshardlyintroduceeverB.corporationshardlyeverintroduce.hardlycorporationsintroduceever.hardlycorporationseverintroduceCD3 IlldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandselfrestraintasifI e,Iw_.fIcorrectsomeoneretheone_A.tocorrect B.correcting .havingcorrectedCD.beingcorrected4 Aeri sa d_ _intodozensoflanguagesinthelastDreamoftheRedChambsi_decade.A.tohavebeentranslated B.tobetranslated.totranslateCD.tohavetranslated5e himselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorec mmandoflanguageispoor._,amanwhoexpress sorapidlythanamanwhoseA.Otherthingstobeequals B.Wereotherthingsequal.Tobeequaltootherthing.OtherthingsbeingequalCD红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 6bytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheTheresidents,_hadbeendamagedRedCross.A.alltheirhomesB.allwhosehomes.allofwhosehomesCD.alloftheirhomes7whitehair.Thenit_Dr.Firldes;heisthin.Thelecturerwasatallthinmanwithbecauseheisshortandfat.It_Dr.JonnA.cantbe.mustbe eB.couldnthavebeen.mighthavebe.mustbe.cantbe CD.canthavebeen.musthavebeen8 Myf_veryinterestedinplayingbowls,which_verymuchinamily_fashionnow.A.is.is B.are.areC.is.areD.are.is9ertiesoflightis_travelinginwaveformasitgoesfromher.OneoftheproponeplacetoanotA.it B.its C.its D.their 10ethesamenestsyearafteryear,_newmaterialThemigratorybirdsuseachtime.A.andwilladd readded B.toadd.whichaCD.adding11chday,_sellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquiteThebusinessofeasmoothly.A.itbeing B.beit C.wasitD.itwas 10红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 答案及详解答案及详解练习一练习一 1be/get/becomeacquaintedwithsb./sth.“知道,熟悉”。句意:格林小姐虽然在这个镇子只住了一年,然而似乎每个来店铺的人她都认识似的。haveanadvantageover 表示“比具有优势”,为固定搭配。2charge“控告,指控”,其用法为:chargesb.withsth.因某事而控告某人。34comeoff“成功,奏效,达到预期效果”。句意:他试图使双方达成和解的努力奏效了。5comply 表示“遵从;服从”,后接 with。句意:拒不遵纪守法的人终究会受到惩罚。6independently“独立地”,后接 of。句意:语言、文化、性格在思维上(思想上)可以分别给予考虑,但在实际生活中却不是这样,是分不开的。beguiltyof 犯有罪;beguiltyfor 因而内疚78shelter“掩蔽;庇护”。用做动词时常说 shelter(sb.)fromsth.“躲避,庇护,使免受”。做名词时常用搭配是 seek/takeshelterfrom“躲避(风雨、灾祸等)”,还有一个常用的介词短语 under(the)shelterof“在的掩护下”。用于原义时 shelter 常带定冠词,如:undertheshelterofanumbrella。用于比喻意义时一般不用定冠词,如 undershelterofonesposition。9persistin(with)指坚持,持续做某事,常用于贬义。句意:如果你要惹麻烦的话,公司就只好把你开除了。0makeaspectacleof“出洋相”。111inmemoryof“为纪念”。11红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 12练习二练习二 1circumstances(一般用复数)指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。常与 under 或in 连用,表示“在情况下”。Asurroundings(一定用复数)指“周围事物”,“环境”。如:familiar surroundings 熟悉的环境;Bsetting 常指“背景,环境”。如:Romeisthesettingofthestory.故事以罗马为背景。Denvironment则表示环绕着某一特定的人或物并对其产生某种影响的“环境”。如:Childrenneedahappyhomeenvironment.孩子需要一个愉快的家庭环境。2recall“使回忆起,回想,想起”;Drecollect“回忆,回想”。这两个词做“回想,回忆”解时是同义词,如果主语是人可以互换。recall 还可以以事物做主语,表示“使回忆起”,recollect 无此用法。Bremind“使回忆起,使记起,提醒”,以人做宾语,必须说 remindsb.ofsth./todosth.。3merge“结合;合并”,强调通过合并的各部分合为一体,融合在一起往往无法加以辨别;也可指企业或公司的合并。Amix“混合;搀和”;Bmingle“相混;交织”,通常表示那些混合在一起的各个成分是可以区别开来的,如:Shehadmingledfeelingsofjoyandsorrow.4indicate 此处意为“通过某种迹象预示、表明”;Bhint“暗示,提升”,指通过微妙、含蓄的方式进行的揭示;Csuggest 指没有直截了当说出、但含有某种意思的“暗示”,接近 imply;Dmean“意思是,意味着”。5accurate“准确的,无误的”。Aprecise“精密的,精确的”;Dexact“精密的,准确的”;precise,correct,exact 都不用来形容天气预报。6flexible“灵活的,可变通的”,与 massproduction 相对。句意:美国公司正在从大规模生产向灵活多变的企业发展。A moveable“活动的,可移动的”;Bchanging“变化的”;Dvarying“变化的”。7acknowledge 指公开承认隐瞒或否认过的事。句意:他承认受了惊吓。Bconfess 通常指自愿服罪或认错,如:He confessed that he had stolen themoney.他承认曾偷过钱。Crecognize 指正式承认主权、权利等,如:Theyrefusedtorecognizethecountrysindependence.他们拒绝正式承认这个国家的独立;Dadmit 则指在外界或自己良心的压力下承认,如:Theaccusedmanadmittedhisguilt.被告承认了他的罪行。红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 138adjust“调节,调整”,adjustacamera 表示“调节照相机的速度、距离或光圈”等。句意:我的照相机可以进行调节,不管阴天还是晴天都可以照相。Aadapt“使适应”,如:Canyouadaptyourselftothenewconditions?你能使自己适应新的情况吗?Cadopt“采取、采用”,如:Ithoughtyourideawasagood one,so I adopted it.我认为你的意见很好,所以就采纳了。Dremedy“纠正”,如:Yourfaultsofpronunciationcanbe remedied.你的发音缺陷是可以纠正的。9句意:请帮助我弄明白那一问题。Aenlighten 与Dinstruct 同义,意为“指导,教导”,但搭配不同。enlightensb.onsth.“教导某人某事,使某人明白某事”;instructsb.insth.“教导某人某事”。Bacquaint 用于短语 acquaintsb.with“使某人知道,使某人熟悉”;Cinform 用于短语 informsb.ofsth.“告知某人某事”。10limitation“缺点,局限性”,相当于 shortcoming。句意:尽管计算机有许多优点,但绝非没有局限性。Aboundary“边界,分界线”;Cconfinement“限制”,为不可数名词;Drestraint“限制,限制者,束缚物”。11literal“文字的,字面的”,aliteraltranslation 直译。句意:直译未必最接近原义。这组词的拼写很相似,要注意其拼写上的细微差别。Bliberal“慷慨的,大方的,开明的”;Cliterate“识字的,有文化的”;Dliterary“文学(上)的”。12accommodate 指(旅馆等)能为(多少旅客)提供住处(或膳宿),也指(交通工具)能搭载(多少乘客)。Acontain 和Bhold 用于:(容器)能容纳(多少物品);(建筑物)可容纳(多少观众、听众等)。Cprovide“提供”,其结构为 providesb.withsth.或 providesth.forsb.。13trademark 和 brand 用汉语来表述,都有“商标”之意,其实,它们含义不同。Atrademark 是商家选用的用来标明自己的商品的一个单词、符号、图案,或者是这些东西的任意组合,使自己的商品与其他人的商品区别开来。Dbrand 一般被认为指一类确定的、通常是著名的商品,可表述为“品牌”,如:apopularbrandofbeer。Cmark 和Bsign,都有“标志,标志”之意,mark特指印刷或书写的符号、标志或标签;sign 指代表某物的符号,如:mathematical signs,eg.+,。除此之外,sign 还有“招牌,指示牌”的意思,如:trafficsigns,ashopsign。红红宝书宝书 网址:www.ho gbaos 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 1414这一组词均含“复杂的”之意。C sophisticated 的复杂,侧重点在精密、先进,也就是我们所谓的高、精、尖。Dcomplex 的复杂含有使人糊涂之意;Bcomplicated 理论上要比 complex 还复杂,但不包括 confusing 的内涵;Ainvolved 源自其动词 involve,指因牵扯面广而引起的复杂,带有我们说的盘根错节的意味。15accumulate 指点点滴滴长时期地积聚,其重心在积聚起来的整体,而不在一个一个的个体。Agather,Bcollect 和Dassemble 均有一件一件收集的内涵,但 assemble 仅能指人员,所以中文为“召集”。16depressed“情绪低落的,忧郁的,消沉的”,feeldepressed 闷闷不乐的。Aoppressed“被压抑的,被压迫的”,如:theoppressedpeople 被压迫人民;Bsuppressed“被抑制的,被忍住的”,如:suppressedemotion 被压抑的情绪;Dcompressed“压缩过的,(文字)简练的”,如:compressedair 压缩空气。17Complex 与 complicated 区别:complex=madeupofparts,difficulttounderstandorexplain 由许多部分组成,难以理解的,复杂的,如:acomplicatedproblem 一道难题。18setting“环境;背景”,用来指为了突出某个主体而存在的背景、环境。Cenvironment“环境”,指我们所处的自然界的事态环境和社会环境;Aresidence“住宅,住处”;Dsightseeing“观光”,明显都不合句意。19fluctuate“波动”,指无形的东西,如:水平、特性、价格等,在 with 独立结构中说明 prices“物价”,语义搭配贴切。句意:由于价格波动太厉害,公司很难计划预算。Bwave“挥动,飘动”,指有形的东西,如“旗帜、树枝”等;C swing“摆动”,指从一边向另一边,或成曲线运动;D vibrate“振动”,指物体、弦、声音等。20combine“结合,联合”,常指两个或多个非物质事物相互融合,如:combineyourknowledgewithmyexperiences 把你的知识与我的经验结合起来。Ajoin“连接,联合”,强调原来是分离着的东西,现在连接并合为一体;Bunite“使(联合),(使)结合”,强调联合后形成新的整体,统一目标,统一行动;Cconnect“连接,联系”,指两个不同的、分离着的事物在某一点上相互接触,但各自仍保持原有的特性及独立性。红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 练习三练习三 1adaptto“适应”。Calter(改变)和Dmodify(修改)不可与 to 搭配,可排除。Aturnto(求助于)不符合“收音机评论员试着适应电视这一新的媒体”这句话的意思。2raw“生的”。Cdry“干燥的”;Bcrude“天然的,生的”,指未经提炼的,如:crudeoil 原油;Dfresh“新的,新鲜的”。3reconcile“使(似有分歧的目标、说法、意见等)一致,和谐”,符合“这种似乎矛盾的证据与我所说的公共谈话和私下谈话的差别是一致的”。Acompromise“妥协,折中”;Breckon“认为(某人,某事物)是”;Creinforce“加强”。4 claim“(要求保险公司赔赔偿,如aclaimforda偿的)款项:”:putin/makemages提出损害赔偿要求。B report“报告”:C declaration“宣言,宣告”;Dproclamation“宣言,声明”。5 commit“犯错误,干坏事”,符合文意。最后一句意思是“做事敏捷是最重要的,迟到的人是对别人的严重冒犯。6本题测试语义搭配。句中提到在某次会议上“讲述”的试验,故选 described 最为贴切。Amaintain“主张;维持”,Csettle“解决”和Dafford“担负得起;供给”,均不符合上下文的逻辑搭配。7desirable“令人渴望的,称心的”,符合文意。Bdesirous“渴望的,想要的”,常用于某人想要某物。如:Wearedesirousofpeace.我们渴望和平。Cdesired“被渴望的”;Ddesiring“渴望的”。8 前文的 Changesinthesocialstructure 对于 juvenilecrimerates 自然有“影响”。Aaffect“影响,作用”,符合题意。Breduce“减少”。Ccheck“检查,校对”也可以作“抑制,阻止”。Dreflect“反射,反映”。159自然食品不受当今农业生产中广泛使用的化肥的影响。所以Daffect“影响,产生作用”是正确答案。Aeffect“结果,效果”;Binterfere“干预,妨碍”;Cdisturb“打扰”。红宝书红宝书 网址: 通用网址:红宝书红宝书 1610根据句意,所选项要有“起作用”的含义。四个选项中,只有D perform“执行,履行”与 function 相搭配,意为“起作用”。Aundertake“着手,承担”;Bhold“抓住,掌握”;Cplay 常和 part 或 role 搭配,也可表达“起作用”之意。11beboundtodosth.肯定要做某事,符合文意,最后一句意为“如果我们买了一台新电视机,我们的邻居肯定会买一台更大、更好的电视机。”Bbedestinedtodosth.“命中注定要做某事”,如:Theyweredestinedtonevertomeetagain.他们命中注定再也无缘相遇了。Cbedoomedtosth./todosth.“注定要做某事”,通常用于不好的事情,如:Arewhalesdoomedtoextinction?鲸鱼注定是要灭绝的吗?Dbedeterminedtodosth.决定要做某事。12compile 指搜集资料,有时也指编辑字典。而Agather 只是收集起来;Baccumulate 是积累,积蓄。13四个选项都有“住房”,“住处”的意思,但Bshelter 除了表示“藏身处”之外,还有“避难所”的意思,对于无家可归者而言,他们能够获得的也只能是能给他们提供饮食和睡觉地方的避难所了,因此选B。4settledown“定居下来”。15 skilled 经过训练的,而 skillful 是熟练的,有技巧的;根据上下文,选 skilled。116 帕塞计算机加以改进的,并非是德拉布斯基所拥(n)、所调查(searched有 ow)和所获(captured)的计算机,而是他所设计(devise)的计算机,故选 D。练练1 该题考查非谓语动词。其中介词短语 byanEnglishman 与定语从句ad 习四习四thatIre见空格