2017考研英语（一)真题.pdf

1 12017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWERSHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1 helping you feel close and 2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it ornot,a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvaniaexamined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility todeveloping the common cold after being 7 to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likelyto come 8 with a cold,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect.11 among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequenthugs had less severe 12.“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds thats usually 14 with stress,”notesSheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feelingthat others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their newbornbabies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into thebloodstream.But some of it 19 in the brain,where it 20 mood,behavior and physiology.1.A UnlikeB BesidesC Throughout D Despite2.A equalB restrictedC connectedD inferior3.A hostB viewC lessonD choice4.A recallB forgetC avoidD keep5.A collectingB affectingC guidingD involving6.A onB inC atD of7.A devotedB exposedC lostD attracted8.A acrossB alongC downD out9.A imaginedB deniedC doubtedD calculated10.A servedB explainedC restoredD required11.A ThusB StillC RatherD Even12.A defeatsB symptomsC errorsD tests13.A highlightedB minimizedC controlledD increased14.A associatedB equippedC presentedD compared15.A assessB moderateC generateD record16.A in the face ofB in the form ofC in the way ofD in the name of17.A attributeB commitC transferD return18.A unlessB becauseC thoughD until19.A emergesB vanishesC remainsD decreases2 220.A experiencesB combinesC justifiesDinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1First two hours,now three hoursthis is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up tocatch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.The crash ofEgypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragicreminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines publicsupport for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives,not tomention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration(TSA)found in a secret check that undercoverinvestigators were able to sneak weaponsboth fake and realpast airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improvingeconomy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International.It isnot yet clear how much more effective airline security has becomebut the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel,so the TSA is nowrushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll morepeople in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers whopass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers whoare higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.The TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is sticker shock.：Passengers must pay$85 every fiveyears to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling publicsuffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to _.A stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S airports.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributions to long waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.3 323.The word“expedited”(Line 4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to _.A quieter.B faster.C wider.D cheaper.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is _.A A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly-directed implementation.C The governments reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Getting Stuck in Security LinesB PreChecka Belated SolutionC Less Screening for More SafetyD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,”wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis last reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy inHawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory thatpromises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as thepiko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds mostpowerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets denseatmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentshave long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what wasonce a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protectionof Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of thepast;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity tofind what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers todayto explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignorethe reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we comefrom and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling toknow ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosento minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.Tolimit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sitesreturned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace theircultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates _.A its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.4 427.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to _.A its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _.A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy _.A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.30.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures“everything except that which makes lifeworthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it isnow a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it isa flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UKsGDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everythingwas going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit,despite the warnings about what it could doto their countrys economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on thatquestion.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economicgrowth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a morerounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there hasbeen a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health andeducation,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isnt the case with all countries.Some relatively poorEuropean countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality andenvironment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countryssuccess,the world looks very different.So,what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring theeconomic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such asenvironmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everydayservices we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improvingwell-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even seeprogress.5 531.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he _.Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that _.Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.BGDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries.BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that _.Athe UK is preparing for an economic boom.Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline.Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.Dit requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK LessonBGDP Figures,a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDPDBrexit,the UKs Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the U.S Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a formerVirginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,whichincluded accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access togovernment.The high courts decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnells trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governors decisions on“specific”and“unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and“nasty.”But underanti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simplyarranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act”.The courts ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must beallowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.”The basiccompact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes that publicofficials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”6 6But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equalityof access to governm