考研班主任：14年北航 汉语百科真题.pdf

北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 448-1 页 新浪微博翻译素材网 首发 汉语写作与百科知识（共汉语写作与百科知识（共 2 页）页）科目代码：科目代码：448 考生注意：所有答案务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。第 一 部 分：简要 解 释 下 列中 外 文 化 名词（本 题 共 40 分，每 一 题 2 分）。1.甲骨文 2.3D 打印 3.兰亭集序 4.棱镜门事件 5.井田制 6.李约瑟 7.亚太经合组织 8.浑天仪 9.举孝廉 10.伤痕文学 11.哭墙 12.喀斯特地貌 13.唐三彩 14.影子银行 15.十字军东 16.康熙字典 17.钓鱼岛列岛 18.圈地运动 19.光年 20.国际日期变更线 第二部分 文言文翻译与理解（本题共 60 分，每一题 30 分）将下面两段文言文翻译成现代汉语，并对其思想观点进行评价。每一评价部分的文字应不少于 300 字。1.故曰：“仓廪实而知礼节，衣食足而知荣辱。”礼生于有而废于无。故君子富，好行其德；小人富，以适其力。渊深而鱼生之，山深而兽往之，人富而仁义附焉。富者得埶益彰，失埶则客无所之，以而不乐。夷狄益甚。谚曰：“千金之子，不死于市。”此非空言也。故曰：“天下熙熙，皆为利来；天下壤壤，皆为利往。”夫千乘之王，万家之侯，百室之君，尚犹患贫，而况匹夫编户之民乎！选自史记货殖列传序 翻译（10 分）：评价（20 分）：2.嗟夫！草木无情，有时飘零。人为动物，惟物之灵。百忧感其心，万事劳其形，有动乎中，必摇其精；而况思其力之所不及，忧其智之所不能，宜其渥然舟者为槁木，黟然 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 448-2 页 墨者为星星。奈何以非金石之质，欲与草木而争荣？念谁为之戕贼，亦何恨乎秋声！”选自秋声赋 翻译（10 分）：评价（20 分）：第三部分 现代汉语写作 据史书记载，宋襄公曾率军与楚人在泓水交战，宋弱楚强。宋人列阵已毕，楚人尚未渡河。宋大司马屡谏襄公趁敌人渡河之际进攻，襄公不听，坚持“不鼓不成列”。结果宋军大败，襄公负伤，宋国上下对襄公抱怨不已。今日商场亦如战场，即将规则，又重结果。如何处理二者之间的关系？请自拟题目，写一篇 800 字左右的论文。你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 357-1 页 北京航空航天大学 2014 年 硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：357 英语翻译基础（共 3 页）考生注意：所有答案必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。第一部分，将下列术语翻译成中文 1.appeal-focused text 2.class shift mission 4.transeme 5.restricted translation 6.low countries group 7.minimax principle 8.translation universals 9.verbal consistence 10.concordance 11.calque 12.controlled language 13.prototype 14.modification 15.convert translation 第二部分：将下列术语翻译成英文。1.自动翻译 2.中枢语言 3.连贯 4.子语言 5.可修正性 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 357-2 页 6.形式对应 7.地道翻译 8.规范 9.语料库 10.异国情调 11.重写 12.法庭传译 13.巴别塔 14.内罗毕宣言 15.释译 第三部分：英译汉（本题共 60 分，第一段 25 分，第 2 段 15 分，第三段 20 分)。1“War is a mere continuation of politics by other means,”Prussian theorist Karl Von Clausewitz wrote.Today,bankingbroadly defined as lending and borrowing money through institutions and bond marketsis a continuation of politics,or war,by other means.In the 20th century,Germany wielded power over European neighbors through brute military force.In the 21st century,Germany,abetted by France,uses its influence with the European Central Bank and the European Union to dictate terms to Greece and other weak nations.And the effort to halt Irans march to nuclear prominence relies as much on the international banking systems willingness and ability to enforce financial sanctions as it does on the threat of bombs.2 Its foreign policy is becoming not so much Islamic as Ottoman,reestablishing a sphere of influence it had for 400 years.Abdullah Gl,Turkeys sophisticated president,explains that while Turkey remains resolutely a part of the West,it is increasingly influential in the Middle East,Central Asia,and beyond.”Turkey is becoming a source of inspiration for other countries in the region,”he said to me while in New York last week.你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 357-3 页 3 It is impossible to emphasize too strongly the necessity for forming correct habits in flying straight and level.All other flight maneuvers are in essence a deviation from this fundamental flight maneuver.Many flight instructors and students are prone to believe that perfection in straight-and-level flight will come of itself,but such is not the ease.It is not uncommon to find a pilot whose basic flying ability consistently falls just short of minimum expected standards,and upon analyzing the reasons for the shortcomings to discover that the cause is the inability to fly straight and level property.Straight-and-level flight is flight in which a constant heading and altitude are maintained.It is accomplished by making immediate and measured corrections for deviations in direction and altitude form unintentional slight turns,descents,and climbs.第四部分：汉译英（本题共 60 分，每段 20 分）。1 中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示，载人航天工程实施以来，中国先后与世界上多个国家，地区和国际组织展开了广泛的合作与交流，在航天医学,空间科学实验，航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说，中国愿与各国一起，共同推动世界载人航天技术发展，为和平利用太空，造福全人类做出更加积极的贡献。2 随着致青春票房告捷，人们再次怀念起青春那个载满激情与痛苦，希望与心碎交织的年代。人们之所以对青春情有独钟，是因为它难以捉摸，直到逝去之后才看清它的真面目。大家普遍认为，我们的选择成就了现在的我们。一个人选此非彼，人们总是认为“总会有更好的道路”。所以他们回首过去，微笑着叹息。3 中国时髦热词“tuhao”（土豪）明年有望被收入牛津英汉词典。在中文中，“土”意为粗野，“豪”意为富有，习惯上用来指那些在中国农村权势欺人的人。近年来，动漫作品和游戏玩家借用该词来形容那些大手大脚，挥霍钱财的人。现在网络社区也常用该词指那些财大气粗却缺乏相应品味的人。你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-1 页 北京航空航天大学 2014 年 硕士研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：211 翻译硕士英语（共 16 页）考生注意：所有答案务必书写在考场提供的答题纸上，写在本试题单上的答题一律无效（本题单不参与阅卷）。Part I.Vocabulary(30 points in total,1 point each)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1.The audience disliked the film thoroughly and were by whistling and stamping their feet.A)protecting B)protesting C)projecting D)proposing 2.In our society,a wedding invitation is also an invitation for a gift.A)ingenious B)intelligible C)implicit D)inclusive 3.After taking office,Chinas Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,tried his best to promote the new a policies.A)economic B)economical C)economy D)economics 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-2 页 4.I called on him the morning after our arrival,and was with his gay,precise manner and obvious power of decision.A)inclined B)implied C)impressed D)illustrated 5.She has a small machine for coffee beans.A)breaking B)grinding C)splitting D)crashing 6.Mr.John had given no that he was intending to resign.A)direction B)symptom C)information D)indication 7.The members in the testing team were quite and could change schedule upon request.A)flexible B)gentle C)sophisticated D)shrewd 8.The tourists through the fog,trying to read what was engraved on the gravestone Shakespeare had chosen for himself.A)peered B)peeped C)glanced D)glimpsed 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-3 页 9.The noise was so faint that you had to your ears to hear it.A)stir B)strengthen C)strain D)stride 10.You should to one or more weekly magazines such as Time,or People.A)subscribe B)order C)prescribe D)reclaim 11.Fred doesnt like white coffee,nor does he like to put cream on his strawberries,because he prefers them .A)plain B)simple C)natural D)ordinary 12.Ive got a big coffee on the front of my dress.A)pore B)patch C)stain D)grease 13.Can you take the day off tomorrow?Well,Ill have to get from my boss.A)permission B)permit C)allowance D)possession 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-4 页 14.While the population of the United States includes a great variety of racial and ethnic backgrounds,Japans population is .A)autonomous B)homogeneous C)ambitious D)anonymous 15.The manager gave her his that her complaint would be investigated.A)consent B)conception C)assurance D)insurance 16.We expect Mr.White will Class One when Miss Jane retires.A)take over B)take up C)take off D)take to 17.She resorted to when she had no money to buy food for her children.A)have stolen B)steal C)stole D)stealing 18.a fine day,we decided to go for a picnic.A)Having been B)Being C)What D)It being 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-5 页 19.In computer programming,this,model is to any of the others we have ever had.A)more superior B)the more superior C)the most superior D)superior 20.No sooner than he realized that he should have remained silent.A)the words had spoken B)had the words spoken C)the words had been spoken D)had the words been spoken 21.The factory manager and secretary our party.A)is to attend B)are to attend C)were to attend D)is attended 22.We can make an exception .A)in any case of John B)in case of John C)in case of Johns D)in the case of John 23.If only I what you wanted!A)knew B)know C)had known D)have known 24.the building did he realize that there was danger everywhere in it.A)Upon entering B)When he entered C)Only after entering D)After he had entered 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-6 页 25.The Brownings have not yet and I doubt whether they will come.A)turned in B)turned out C)turned up D)turned to 26.While driving along the treacherous road,.A)my right rear tyre blew out B)my right rear tyre had a blowout C)I had a blowout on my right rear tyre D)I had my right rear tyre blowout 27.I have given up trying to convince him,there is no point with him.A)by arguing B)with arguing C)for arguing D)in arguing 28.If he hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you here now.A)wouldnt be smiling B)wont smile C)couldnt have smiled D)didnt smile 29.Hes 26.Its high time he a trade to make a living.A)learn B)learns C)must learn D)learned 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-7 页 30.The prices of TV sets are about 20%.The manufacturers are almost selling their products cost.A)off,at B)down,at C)less,for D)lower,on Part I.Reading Comprehension(40 points)Section A:Directions：There are 3 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.(30 point in total,2 points each)Passage One Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Computer programmers often remark that computing machines,with a perfect lack of discrimination,will do any foolish thing they are told to do.The reason for this lies,of course in the narrow fixation of the computing machines“intelligence”on the details of its own perceptions-its inability to be guided by any large extent.In a psychological description of the computer intelligence,three related adjectives come to mind:single-minded,literal-minded,and simpleminded.Recognizing this,we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics,though to a lesser extent.Since science tries to deal with reality,even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which a shock to mathematicians to lean that the Schrodinger equation(薛定谔方程）for the hydrogen atom,but only an dipole,and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.Physicists,looking at the original Schrodinger equation,learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible,and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical 你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-8 页 features of the equation.This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach.Mathematics must dial with well-defined situations.Thus,mathematics depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally.Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined,and they will make it well-defined,perhaps inappropriately,but perhaps inappropriately.In some cases,the mathematicians literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequence.The mathematicians turn the scientists theoretical assumptions,that is,their convenient points of analytical emphasis,into axioms,and then take these axioms literally.This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists take these axioms literally.The question,central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical contextwhat happens if the axioms are relaxed?is thereby ignored.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an perturbations of its underlying assumptions.31.The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to so which of the following?(A)Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines(B)Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving(C)Compare the work of mathematicians with that of computer programmers(D)Provide one definition of intelligence 32.According to the passage,mathematicians present a danger to scientists for which of the following reasons?(A)Mathematicians may provide theories that are in compatible with those already developed by scientists(B)Mathematicians may define situation in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists(C)Mathematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.(D)Scientists may begin to provide arguments that are convincing but imprecise.你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！你考研的超级班主任 让考研更轻松！扫描二维码关注考研班主任 QQ 公众号：公众号：kaoyan33，获取最新考研咨讯，免费获取更多资料 北京航空航天大学 2014 年翻译硕士考研真题 第 211-9 页 33.The author suggests that the approach of physicists to solving scientific problems is which of the following?(A)Practical for scientific purposes(B)Detrimental to scientific progress(C)Unimportant in most situations(D)Expedient,but of little long-term value 34.The author suggests that a mathematician asked to solve a problem in an ill-defined situation would first attempt to do which of the following?(A)Identify an analogous situation(B)Simplify and define the situation(C)Vary the underlying assumptions of a description of the situation(D)Determine what use would be made of the solution provided 35.The author imply that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that(A)Some factors in most situations must remain unknown(B)Changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments(C)Well-defined situations are necessary for the design of reliable experiments(D)Mathematical solutions can rarely be applied to real problems Passage Two Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Traditionally,the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal point-periods,countries,dramatic events,and great leaders.It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure:how one inquires into a historical problem,how one presents and documents ones findings,what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies.The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog:childhood,work,leisure.The new subjects are accompanied by new methods.Where history once was primarily narrative,it is now