考研英语大纲词汇（真题例句版）【公众号：研料库料最全】.pdf

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语大纲词汇（真题例句版）易 禾 文 化 考 研 英语试题研究室 组编 版权所有 侵权必究 目 录考研英语大纲词汇1十年真题常用词汇799常用缩写词汇8061易 禾 文 化business 词频 108 5biznis n.商业，生意；事务，业务，职责；企业；贸易量；行业，业务真题 Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business().2006年阅读3 很多渔场都低于这一水平，这可不是一种好的经营方式。真题 Such business-to-business()sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for.1999 年阅读 2 这类公司之间的销售是很有意义的，因为商人通常都知道他们需要什么产品。真题 Here is a troubled business()that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly an-noy the customers.2001 年阅读 3 这是一个令人棘手的行业，却不断地雇用态度令读者厌烦的雇员。真题 Among the commissions 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,and business()executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,film-making,music arid journalism.2014 年阅读 4 该委员会的 51 名成员都是顶级的大学校长、学者、律师、法官和企业高管，以及从事外交、电影、音乐和新闻的显赫人物。真题 The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business().2014 年阅读 2 花费如此之高的另一个原因是法律行业的所有制结构类似限制性的行会性质。真题 Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.After all,it has an ad business()too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.2013 年阅读 2 为什么单单微软会采取这样的措施？其中原因也不清楚。要知道，微软自身也有广告业务。science 词频 077 5saiEns n.科学；学科 真 题 Defenders of science()have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as“The Flight from Science and Reason,”held in New York City in 1995,and“Science in the Age of(Mis)in-formation”,which assembled last June near Buffalo.1998 年阅读 3 科学的捍卫者们还在一些会议上表示了他们的担忧。比如，1995 年在纽约举行的“远离科学和理性”会议，以及去年 6 月在布法罗附近召开的“（伪）信息时代的科学”会议。真 题 In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.2012考研英语大纲词汇真题例句版2易 禾 文 化年阅读 3 在科学研究的理想状态下，有关世界的事实真相有待研究人员加以观察和收集。这些研究人员态度客观，并以科学的方法进行研究。真题 In some ways,this quest for commonalities defines science.2012 年翻译 从某些方面而言，寻找事物的共性也正是科学的涵义。social 词频 073 5sEEl a.社会的；交际的；n.社交活动 真题 adding to social()changes today is an enormous stockpile of information.1995 年阅读 3 除了当今的社会变化之外，还有信息量巨大的问题。真题 We live in a society in which the medicinal and social()use of substances(drugs)is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.1997 年阅读 3 我们生活在一个在医疗和社交方面物质（药物）的使用都很广泛的社会里：阿斯匹林用来缓解头痛，喝点酒来增进友谊，在早晨喝点咖啡来提神，吸烟来减轻紧张情绪。真题 This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.2012年翻译 很久以来，除了在自然科学界，这一趋势在社会科学中也很明显。真题 The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many pos-sibilities we can envisage.2013 年阅读 3 现今技术潜在的演变和产生的社会后果，纷繁复杂让人眼花缭乱，或许最好让科幻小说家和未来学家们去探索我们所能想象出的关于未来的各种可能性。reason 词频 069 5ri:zn n.理由，原因；理性，理智；v.推论，推理；说服，评理；讨论，辩论 真 题 Thats one reason(n.)why the idea of a national list hasnt gone anywhere,while drug costs keep rising fast.2005 年 这就是为什么全国性药品名录还未出台的原因，也是药品价格居高不下的原因。真题 On the dust jacket of this fine book,Stephen Jay Gould says:“This book stands for reason(n.)itself.”1996 年阅读 5 这部优秀作品的护封上引用了斯蒂芬杰古尔德的一句话，“此书本身就代表了理性”.真题 He reasoned(v.)that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language,the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another.2004年翻译 他归因到：因为人们很容易用某一特定的语言形成一些不容混淆的概念，语言的使用者往往会沿着同一条轨迹思考问题。真 题 But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.(2014年英语二阅读4)但也许最显著的原因是，这个问题一直以来都是如此的充满政治意味。真题 This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author of The Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to 3易 禾 文 化technology in the first place.(2014 年英语二阅读 3)这是一个很有力的论据，也是很可怕的。然而，拉力的力量和其他书籍的作者约翰哈格尔说 Brynjolfsson 和 McAfee 首先忽视了为什么这些工作在技术面前脆弱的原因。result 词频 067ri5zQlt n.结果，成果，成绩；v.(in）导致，结果是；(from）起因于，因而造成 真题 as a result(n.),Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s,to 18.5 percent-little more than two-thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.1998年阅读 4 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在 70 年代降到了 18.5%-略高于 60 年代增长率的 2/3，但大大低于西部其他各州。真题 If,on the other hand,producing more of a commodity results(v.)in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and per-mit more consumers to buy the product.1994 年阅读 1 另一方面，某种产品大量生产导致成本下降，产销者提供的产品就会增加，这就会使价格下跌，那么，更多的消费者就购买该产品。真题 Therefore,it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner,with the hope that the knowledge resulting(v.)from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.2003年翻译 因此，客观而系统地研究人类的丰富性和多样性尤为重要，人们希望通过这些研究的成果人类能与他们自己及地球上其他生命形态和睦相处。真题 It had its origins in the great outdoors,but the results were as gallery-bound as the paint-ings of Turner and Constable.(2014 年英语二连线)并且它也改变了公众的历史：底层社会和上层社会一样吸引人。真题 Knowing the results of Epley,s study,it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves so viscerallyon one level,they dont even recognise the person in the picture as them-selves.（2014 年英语二阅读 2）了解埃普利的研究结果后，许多人本质上讨厌照片中的自己就能讲得通从某种层面上说，他们甚至不承认照片中的人是他们自己。school 词频 063sk:l n.学校；（大学里的）学院，系；学派，流派 真题 Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing com-puters into schools(),computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.1999 年阅读 3 由于将计算机引入课堂是为了教育目的还是为了谋职目的混淆不清，主张计算机教育的人常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。真题 and William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School()believes that people will look back on this period as“a golden age of business management in the United States.”2000 年阅读 1 哈佛商学院的威廉萨尔曼相信人们将会把这一时期视为“美国企业管理的黄金时代”.真题 according to the new school()of scientists,technology is an overlooked force in ex-4易 禾 文 化panding the horizons of scientific knowledge.1994 年翻译 新学派科学家们认为，在拓展科学知识的范围方面技术是被忽视的力量。真题 The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.2014 年阅读 2 最好的律师挣的钱能装满摩天大楼，因而吸引了更多的学生进入法学院学习。真题 John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in West-ern civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.2012 年阅读 4 哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的 John Donahue 指出：西方公共部门的文化标准适合那些希望稳定的人，但对成就很高的人却不利。hence 词频 061hens ad.从此，今后；因此 真题 Hence()the description of America as a“graveyard”for languages.2006 年阅读 1 由此美国就被形容成语言的“坟墓”。真题 For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.2013 年阅读 3 例如，今日永存基金会的旗舰项目就是要建造一个能运行万年的机械钟表。真题 Hence it is metaphysical;but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical:sound.2014 年翻译 因此，它是深奥的；但表达方式则是完全纯粹自然的声音。cost 词频 057kCst n.成本，费用，代价；v.价值为，花费 真题 In 1950,the US spent$12.7 billion on health care.In 2002,the cost(n.)will be$1540 billion.2003 年阅读 4 1950 年，美国在医疗卫生方面的开支是 127 亿美元。2002 年，这项开支将达到 15400 亿。真题 part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatment.Part of it arises from new drugs costing(v.)more than older kinds.Part of it is higher prices.2005年 这种（药价）增长一部分是因为药品代替了某些治疗手段，另一部分是因为新的药品的价格总比旧的药品价格高，还有一部分是过高的药价。真题 The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.2014 年阅读 2 花费如此之高的另一个原因是法律行业的所有制结构类似限制性的行会性质。information 词频 0577inE5meiEn n.通知，报告；情报，信息 真题 Where to turn for expert information()and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.1995 年阅读 3 去哪儿寻找专家信息，如何确定接受哪5易 禾 文 化条专家建议成了当今许多人面临的问题。真题 In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine grained information.2013 年阅读 2 人们常说：花在广告上的钱有一半都浪费掉了问题在于没人知道是哪一半。average 词频 0555AEridV n.平均（数）;a.平均的；普通的，一般的；v.平均，均分 真题 In fact,it fell to 2.6%in August,and is expected to average(v.)only about 3%for the year as a whole.1997 年阅读 5 实际上，(美国在 1995 年的平均通货膨胀率)8 月份就降到了 2.6%，而且有望达到全年平均仅为 3%.真题 nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average(a.).2000年阅读 2 当今婴儿出生的数量同死亡年龄一样已趋于平均化。真题 Today the messages your average(a.)Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial,and forever happy.2006年阅读 4 今天，你们普通西方人面对的信息轰炸不是宗教的，而是商业的，而且让人快乐得无法忍受。真 题 In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average(v.)35%in 1995.1997 年阅读 5 1994 年底，每月接受经济学家意见调查的一组经济学家指出，美国在 1995 年的平均通货膨胀率将达到 35%.真题 This leaves todays average()law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of un-dergraduate debts.2014 年阅读 2 这使得今天的普通法学院本科毕业生平均每人身上背负有 10 万美元的债务。真题 In many rich countries average(a.)wages in the state sector are higher than in the pri-vate one.2012 年阅读 4 在许多富有国家，国家部门的平均收入要高于私有企业。system 词频 0515sistEm n.系统，体系；制度，体制 真题 (74)However,the world is so made that elegant systems()are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.1996 年翻译 (74）然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。真题 The American economic system()is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.1994年阅读1 从根本上说，美国经济体制是围绕私有企业、以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。在这种体制下需要生产什么在很大程度上是消费者通过到市场花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务来决定的。真题 On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor,trying to change lives for the better,complete with“reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work,and subsidises laziness.2014 年阅读 1 乍听上去，这是位多么有社会6易 禾 文 化责任感的大臣，试图让生活变得更好，对之前明显纵容失业者的体系进行了改革，之前的体系对那些刚失业的人找工作上的要求太少，把津贴发放到了懒人手中。真题 Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.2014 年阅读 2 他们中的许多人打起了哪些恼人的官司，从而让民事侵权案变成了昂贵的噩梦。create 词频 049kri:5eit v.创造，创作；引起，造成，建立 真题 “All men are created()equal.”Weve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society.1994 年阅读 3“人人生来平等”这句话我们已听过无数次，但它对民主社会的教育仍然有着极其重要的寓意。真题 Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create()the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US,when the Standard Oil trust was broken up.2001 年阅读 4 但是很难想像当今的几个石油公司的合并是否会重新造成约 100 年前美国标准石油公司对竞争造成的同样的威胁，那时由于人们对该公司的这种担心而导致了它最终的解散。真题 There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,express,fashion,and beautify and that self expression is a basic human urge.2013 年翻译 毫无疑问，花园的存在表明人类有一种无可救药的创造欲，表达欲，装饰欲和美化欲，说明自我表达是人的一种基本诉求。process 词频 048prE5ses n.过程，进程；工序，制作法；工艺；v.加工，处理 真题 “Changes are a normal part of the evolutionary process(n.),“says oncologist Wil-liam Hayward.1994 年阅读 4“变化是进化过程中的一个正常部分，”肿瘤专家威廉海沃德说道。真题 To 8(test)this idea,he turned to the university admissions process.2013 年完型 为了验证这一想法，他把目光对准大学招生程序。真 题 Visual recognition,reads the study,is“an automatic psychological process,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.2014 年英语二阅读 2。视觉识别是自动的心理过程，这个过程依靠直觉快速发生，且并不是故意的。behavio(u)r 词频 045bi5heiE n.行为，举止；（机器的）特性 真题 What is needed is a technology of behavior(),but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.2002 年翻译 目前所需要的是研究行为的技术手段，而这类技术的研究进展缓慢。真题 Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word.He was not inter-ested in daily politics,but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and 7易 禾 文 化wrong affecting the entire society.2014 年翻译 从广义上说他对政治有浓厚的兴趣。他对日常政治不感兴趣，但对道德行为和影响整个社会的是非问题很关心。community 词频 045kE5m:niti n.同一地区的全体居民，社会，社区；共同体，团体 真题 advertising does more for the material benefit of the community()than any other force I can think of.1995 年阅读 1 广告给社会带来的物质利益比任何我所能想到的方式都多。真题 Until recently,the scientific community()was so powerful that it could afford to ig-nore its critics-but no longer.1998 年阅读 3 以前，科学界如此强大，以致可以对批评者置之不理-但现在不同了。真题 And whether the communitys work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.2013 年连线 这个团体的工作能否对整体的知识积累做出大的贡献实在让人生疑。dying 词频 0455daiiN a.垂死的 真题 The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2002 年阅读 4 最高法庭关于医生协助病人结束生命问题的裁决，对于如何用药物减轻病危者的痛苦这个问题来说，具有重要的意义。economic 词频 0457i:kE5nCmik a.经济（上）的，经济学的 真题 Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young people dont know where they should go next.2000 年阅读 4 10 年前，日本人工作勤奋，将工作视为他们存在的主要理由，但现在日本大体上已经满足了其经济需求，年轻人却不知道他们下一步的目标在哪里。真题 During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.2014 年阅读 2 在经济危机爆发前的十年中，美国法律服务支出的增长速度是通货膨胀的两倍。account 词频 044E5kant n.账（目，户）;叙述，说明；价值，地位；v.(for)说明，解释；占；(take into）考虑；顾及 真题 (71)Actually,it isnt,because it assumes that there is an agreed account(n.)of human rights,which is something the world does not have.1997 年翻译 (71）事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。真题 Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account(n.)in 8易 禾 文 化his society?2006 年翻译 是否美国的知识分子在社会中真的被排斥并被认为毫不重要？真题 Kitcher is a philosopher,and this may account(v.),in part,for the clarity and effec-tiveness of his arguments.1996 年阅读 5 肯切尔是位哲学家，这也许能部分说明他的理论为何明确而有说服力。真题 Multinational corporations accounted(v.)for less than 20%of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25%and growing rapidly.2001 年阅读 4 跨国公司在 1982 年只占有国际贸易不到 20%的份额。而现在，这个数字上升到 25%强，并且还在迅速上升。真题 Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future man-agement efforts must take into account(v.).2006 年阅读 3 Myers 博士和 Worm 博士认为他们的研究给出了正确的基准线，今后的管理工作必须要把这一基准线考虑在内。真题 The fact that this is not an 16(uncommon)occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17(steal)from someone elses ac-counts.(2013 年英语二完型)事实上这是经常发生的事情，那些不法之徒会入侵银行账户的电子支付系统并从其他人的账户上偷取钱财。cancer 词频 0435kAnsE n.癌 真题 This year,50 percent of the 910000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years.1994 年阅读 4 今年，91 万癌症患者中有一半将至少再活 5 年。真题 While theres never a good age to get cancer,people in their 20s and 30s can feel particu-larly isolated.2009 年 MBA 联考阅读 2 在任何年纪患上癌症都不是件好事，但那些二三十岁的年轻癌症患者尤为孤独。growth 词频 042grEW n.生长，增长，发展 真 题 Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.1994 年阅读 3 特殊儿童所处的家庭及社会环境常常是他们成长和发展的关键。真题 Each set of circumstances,however bad,offers a unique opportunity for growth.2011 年翻译 每一种环境，无论多么糟糕，都会为人的成长提供独特的机遇。真 题 We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth.2014 年英语二阅读 4 我们并不善于交流住房可以促进经济增长的真正价值。concern 词频 041kEn5sE:n v.涉及，关系到；（常与 with,about,in 连用）关心，挂念；担心，