2015年考研英语二真题-世纪高教在线高清版.pdf

世纪高教在线绝密启用前2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.1.（共 14 页）Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with or evenlooking at a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agreeby the way they cling to their phones,even without a1on a subway.Its a sad reality our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings because theres2to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.Butyou wouldnt know it,3into your phone.This universal protection sends the4:“Please dont approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide5our screens?One answer is fear,according to Jon Wortmann,an executive mental coach.Wefear rejection,or that our innocent social advances will be6as“weird.”We fearwell be7.We fear well be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8to us,so we are more likely to feel9when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances.Toavoid this uneasiness,we10to our phones.“Phones become our securityblanket,”Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what weperceive is going to be more11.”But once we rip off the band-aid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and lookup,it doesnt12so bad.In one 2011 experiment,behavioral scientists NicholasEpley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:Start a13.They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14.“When Dr.Epley andMs.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15how theywould feel after talking to a stranger,the commuters thought their16would bemore pleasant if they sat on their own,”The New York Times summarizes.Though theparticipants didnt expect a positive experience,after they17with theexperiment,“not a single person reported having been embarrassed.”18,these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with thosewithout communication,which makes absolute sense,19human beings thriveoff of social connections.Its that20:Talking to strangers can make you feelconnected.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.2.（共 14 页）1.A signalB permitC ticketD record2.A nothingB littleC anotherD much3.A beatenB pluggedC guidedD brought4.A messageB codeC noticeD sign5.A underB beyondC behindD from6.A misappliedB misinterpretedC misadjustedD mismatched7.A judgedB firedC replacedD delayed8.A unreasonableB ungratefulC unconventionalD unfamiliar9.A comfortableB confidentC anxiousD angry10.A attendB turnC takeD point11.A dangerousB mysteriousC violentD boring12.A bendB resistC hurtD decay13.A lectureB debateC conversationD negotiation14.A traineesB employeesC researchersD passengers15.A revealB chooseC predictD design16.A voyageB flightC walkD ride17.A went throughB did awayC caught upD put up18.A In turnB In factC In particularD In consequence19.A unlessB whereasC ifD since20.A funnyB simpleC logicalD rareSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(40 points)本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.3.（共 14 页）Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually morestressed at home than at work.Researchers measured peoples cortisol,which is astress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found ithigher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well asmen have lower levels of stress at work than at home,”writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damaske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is thatthe findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so fornonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work whentheyre at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stayhome,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,andthe fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments forworking women,its not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But its not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what theyresupposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do inorder to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours ofphysical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the householdin which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are alot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your homecolleagues your family have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to betalked into it,or if theyre teenagers,threatened with complete removal of allelectronic devices.Plus,theyre your family.You cannot fire your family.You neverreally get to go home from home.So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are thetasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.4.（共 14 页）21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home _.A offered greater relaxation than the workplaceB was an ideal place for stress measurementC generated more stress than the workplaceD was an unrealistic place for relaxation22.According to Damaske,who are likely to be the happiest at home?A Working mothers.B Childless husbands.C Working fathers.D Childless wives.23.The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact that _.A their home is also a place for kicking backB they are both bread winners and housewivesC there is often much housework left behindD it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4,Para.4)most probably means _.A skillsB energyC earningsD nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that _.A family labor is often adequately rewardedB home is hardly a cozier working environmentC household tasks are generally more motivatingD division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.5.（共 14 页）Text 2For years,studies have found that first-generation college students those whodo not have a parent with a college degree lag other students on a range ofeducation achievement factors.Their grades are lower and their dropout rates arehigher.But since such students are most likely to advance economically if theysucceed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades torecruit more of them.This has created“a paradox”in that recruiting first-generationstudents,but then watching many of them fail,means that higher education has“continued to reproduce and widen,rather than close”an achievement gap based onsocial class,according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in thejournal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic,as it outlines a potential solution tothis problem,suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors asgrades)between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities,and their findings arebased on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamedprivate university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with afour-year college degree.Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)wererecipients of Pell Grants,a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need,whilethis was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with afour-year degree.Their thesis that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not inpotential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face mostcollege students.They cite past research by several authors to show that this is thegap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generation students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture ofhigher education,learn the rules of the game,and take advantage of collegeresources,”they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges dont talkabout the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class canaffect students educational experiences,many first-generation students lack insightabout why they are struggling and do not understand how students like them canimprove.”本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.6.（共 14 页）26.Recruiting more first-generation students has _.A reduced their dropout ratesB narrowed the achievement gapC missed its original purposeD depressed college students27.The authors of the research article are optimistic because _.A their findings appeal to studentsB the recruiting rate has increasedC the problem is solvableD their approach is costless28.The study suggests that most first-generation students _.A are from single-parent familiesB study at private universitiesC are in need of financial supportD have failed their college29.The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students _.A may lack opportunities to apply for research projectsB are inexperienced in handling their issues at collegeC can have a potential influence on other studentsD are actually indifferent to the achievement gap30.We may infer from the last paragraph that _.A universities often reject the culture of the middle-classB students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC social class greatly helps enrich educational experiencesD colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.7.（共 14 页）Text 3Even in traditional offices,“the lingua franca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”saidHarvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.She started spinning off examples.“If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,we would see muchless frequent use of terms like journey,mission,passion.There were goals,there werestrategies,there were objectives,but we didnt talk about energy;we didnt talk aboutpassion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented and not by coincidence.“Lets not forget sports inmale-dominated corporate America,its still a big deal.Its not explicitly conscious;its the idea that Im a coach,and youre my team,and were in this together.Thereare lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies,but most think of themselves ascoaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning and,as RakeshKhurana,another professor,points out,increase allegiance to the firm.“You have theimportation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profitorganizations and religious organizations:terms like vision,values,passion,andpurpose,”said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amidincreasingly loud debates over work-life balance.The“mommy wars”of the 1990sare still going on today,prompting arguments about why women still cant have it alland books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In,whose title has become a buzzword in itsown right.Terms like unplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,and capacity are all aboutsetting boundaries between the office and the home.But if your work is your“passion,”youll be more likely to devote yourself to it,even if that means goinghome for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak:Everyone makes fun of it,butmanagers love it,companies depend on it,and regular people willingly absorb it.As alinguist once said,“You can get people to think its nonsense at the same time thatyou buy into it.”In a workplace thats fundamentally indifferent to your life and itsmeaning,office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work andhow your work defines who you are.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.8.（共 14 页）31.According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become _.A less strategicB less energeticC more objectiveD more emotional32.“Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to _.A sports cultureB gender differenceC historical incidentsD athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to _.A revive historical termsB promote company imageC foster corporate cooperationD strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In _.A voices for working womenB appeals to passionate workaholicsC triggers debates among mommiesD praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?A Linguists believe it to be nonsense.B Regular people mock it but accept it.C Companies find it to be fundamental.D Managers admire it but avoid it.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.9.（共 14 页）Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported forJune,along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent,as good news.Andthey were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.Westill have a long way to go to get back to full employment,but at least we are nowfinally moving forward at a faster pace.However,there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largelyoverlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarilyworking part-time.This figure is now 830,000（4.4 percent）above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare,it is worth making animportant distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want fu