2014年考研英语二真题-世纪高教在线高清版.pdf

世纪高教在线绝密启用前2014 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.1.(共 14 页)Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmarkA,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Thinner isnt always better.A number of studies have1thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared tothose who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which beingoverweight is actually2.For example,heavier women are less likely todevelop calcium deficiency than thin women.3,among the elderly,beingsomewhat overweight is often an4of good health.Of even greater5is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult todefine.It is often defined6body mass index,or BMI.BMI7bodymass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is oftenconsidered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 isconsidered obese.Obesity,8,can be divided into moderately obese,severelyobese,and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI arein fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor11.Forexample,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small framemay have high body fat but a13BMI.Today we have a(n)14to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweightare sometimes15in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes1633with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biasesagainst the obese.17very young children tend to look down on theoverweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity,18in health concerns,havestimulated a number of anti-obesity19.My own hospital system has bannedsugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss andfitness initiatives.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign20 3childhood obesity,even claiming that it represents our greatest national securitythreat.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.2.(共 14 页)1.A deniedB concludedC doubtedD ensured2.A protectiveB dangerousC sufficientD troublesome3.A InsteadB HoweverC LikewiseD Therefore4.A indicatorB objectiveC originD example5.A impactB relevanceC assistanceD concern6.A in terms ofB in case ofC in favor ofD in respects of7.A measuresB determinesC equalsD modifies8.A in essenceB in contrastC in turnD in part9.A complicatedB conservativeC variableD straightforward10.A soB whileC sinceD unless11.A shapeB spiritC balanceD taste12.A startB qualifyC retireD stay13.A strangeB changeableC normalD constant14.A optionB reasonC opportunityD tendency15.A employedB picturedC imitatedD monitored16.A comparedB combinedC settledD associated17.A EvenB StillC YetD Only18.A despisedB correctedC ignoredD grounded19.A discussionsB businessesC policiesD studies20.A forB againstC withD withoutSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(40 points)本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.3.(共 14 页)Text 1What would you do with$590m?This is now a question for GloriaMacKenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot inhistory.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment,she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and MichaelNorton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that themost rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of greatwealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfactionwith these material purchases wears off fairly quickly.What was once excitingand new becomes old-hat;regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money onexperiences,say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton,like interesting trips,unique meals oreven going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time as stories or memories particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lotterywinners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people wouldbe better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time withfriends and family and less of it watching television(something the averageAmerican spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing thingsfor oneself,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason McDonalds restricts the availability of its popularMcRib a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot,anxious about fulfilment,not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countriesare generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling goodand spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around theworld,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Noteveryone will agree with the authors policy ideas,which range from mandatingmore holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But mostpeople will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.4.(共 14 页)21.According to Dunn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewardingpurchase?AAbig house.BAspecial tour.CAstylish car.DArich meal.22.The authors attitude towardAmericanswatching TV is _.A criticalB supportiveC sympatheticD ambiguous23.McRib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that _.A consumers are sometimes irrationalB popularity usually comes after qualityC marketing tricks are often effectiveD rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money _.A has left much room for readerscriticismB may prove to be a worthwhile purchaseC has predicted a wider income gap in the USD may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to _.A balance feeling good and spending moneyB spend large sums of money won in lotteriesC obtain lasting satisfaction from money spentD become more reasonable in spending on luxuries本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.5.(共 14 页)Text 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research saysthat,actually,you think youre more beautiful than you are.We have adeep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a numberof self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.Social psychologists have amassedoceans of research into what they call the“above average effect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,and shown that,for example,70%of us rate ourselves as aboveaverage in leadership,93%in driving and 85%at getting on well with others allobviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.We become defensive when criticised,and apply negative stereotypes to others toboost our own esteem.We stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studyinto self-enhancement and attractiveness.Rather than have people simply ratetheir beauty compared with others,he asked them to identify an originalphotograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been alteredto appear more and less attractive.Visual recognition,reads the study,is“anautomatic psychological process,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or noapparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flatteringimage which most did they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses.Nor was there anyevidence that those who self-enhanced the most(that is,the participants whothought the most positively doctored pictures were real)were doing so to make upfor profound insecurities.In fact,those who thought that the images higher up theattractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed othermarkers for having higher self-esteem.“I dont think the findings that we have areany evidence of personal delusion,”says Epley.“Its a reflection simply of peoplegenerally thinking well of themselves.”If you are depressed,you wont beself-enhancing.Knowing the results of Epleys study,it makes sense that many people hatephotographs of themselves viscerally on one level,they dont even recognise theperson in the picture as themselves.Facebook,therefore,is a self-enhancersparadise,where people can share only the most flattering photos,the cream oftheir wit,style,beauty,intellect and lifestyles.Its not that peoples profiles aredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-MadisonUniversity,“buttheyportray an idealised version of themselves.”本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.6.(共 14 页)26.According to the first paragraph,social psychologists have found that _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is a baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be peoples _.A rapid matchingB conscious choiceC intuitive responseD automatic self-defence28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to _.A underestimate their insecuritiesB believe in their attractivenessC cover up their depressionsD oversimplify their illusions29.The word“viscerally”(Line 2,Para.5)is closest in meaning to _.A instinctivelyB occasionallyC particularlyD aggressively30.It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancers paradise because peoplecan _.A present their dishonest profilesB define their traditional lifestylesC share their intellectual pursuitsD withhold their unflattering sides本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.7.(共 14 页)Text 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrialrevolution,but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economicdownturns and fragile recoveries.And yet,it would be a mistake to think we areright now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle.Certainjobs have gone away for good,outmoded by machines.Since technology has suchan insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs,this phenomenon will continue torestructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly becomethreatened.This argument has attracted a lot of attention,via the success of thebook Race Against the Machine,by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee,whoboth hail from MITs Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument,and a scary one.And yet,John Hagel,author ofThe Power of Pull and other books,says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss thereason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S.that tend to be“tightly scripted”and“highly standardized”ones that leave no room for“individual initiative orcreativity”.In short,these are the types of jobs that machines can perform muchbetter at than human beings.That is how we have put a giant target sign on thebacks of American workers,Hagel says.Its time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted,since we are stillrelying on a very 20th century notion of work,Hagel says.In our rapidly changingeconomy,we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiativeand exercise their imagination“to respond to unexpected events”.That is notsomething machines are good at.They are designed to perform very predictableactivities.As Hagel notes,Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point intheir book.We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.In other words,we need to look at the ways in which machines can augmenthuman labor rather than replace it.So then the problem is not really abouttechnology,but rather,“how do we innovate our institutions and our workpractices?”本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.8.(共 14 页)31.According to the first paragraph,economic downturns would.A ease the competition of man vs.machineB highlight machinesthreat to human jobsC provoke a painful technological revolutionD outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that.A technology is diminishing mans job opportunitiesB automation is accelerating technological developmentC certain jobs will remain intact after automationD man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S.are often.A performed by innovative mindsB scripted with an individual styleC standardized without a clear targetD designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph,Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed.A the predictability of machine behavior in practiceB the formula for how work is conducted efficientlyC the ways machines replace human labor in modern timesD the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35.Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?A How to Innovate Our Work Practices?B Machines Will Replace Human LaborC Can We Win the Race Against Machines?D Economic Downturns Stimulate Innovations本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线英语（二）试题.9.(共 14 页)Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economythe focus is usually on roads,railways,broadband and energy.Housing is seldommentioned.Why is that?To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame.Wehave not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute toeconomic growth.Then there is the scale of the typical housing project.It is hardto shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects,so it isinevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere.But perhaps the mos