2010年考研英语一真题-世纪高教在线高清版.pdf

微信公众号 世纪高教在线绝密启用前2010 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.1.（共 14 页）Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D onANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise aseries of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant nearChicago.It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting1workersproductivity.Instead,the studies ended2giving their name to the“Hawthorneeffect,”the extremely influential idea that the very3of being experimentedupon changed subjectsbehavior.The idea arose because of the4behavior of the women in the plant.According to5of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lightingwas increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not6what was done inthe experiment;7something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)8thatthey were being experimented upon seemed to be9to alter workersbehavior10itself.After several decades,the same data were11to econometric analysis.TheHawthorne experiments had another surprise in store.12the descriptions onrecord,no systematic13was found that levels of productivity were related tochanges in lighting.It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may haveled to14interpretations of what happened.15,lighting was alwayschanged on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output16rosecompared with the previous Saturday and17to rise for the next couple ofdays.18,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentationshowed that output always went up on Mondays.Workers19to be diligent forthe first few days of the week in any case,before20a plateau and thenslackening off.This suggests that the alleged“Hawthorne effect”is hard to pin down.1.A affectedB achievedC extractedD restored2.A atB upC withD off3.A truthB sightC actD proof4.A controversialB perplexingC mischievousD ambiguous5.A requirementsB explanationsC accountsD assessments本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.2.（共 14 页）6.A concludeB matterC indicateD work7.A as far asB for fear thatC in case thatD so long as8.A awarenessB expectationC sentimentD illusion9.A suitableB excessiveC enoughD abundant10.A aboutB forC onD by11.A comparedB shownC subjectedD conveyed12.A Contrary toB Consistent with C Parallel withD Peculiar to13.A evidenceB guidanceC implicationD source14.A disputableB enlighteningC reliableD misleading15.A In contrastB For exampleC In consequenceDAs usual16.A dulyB accidentallyC unpredictablyD suddenly17.A failedB ceasedC startedD continued18.A ThereforeB FurthermoreC HoweverD Meanwhile19.A attemptedB tendedC choseD intended20.A breakingB climbingC surpassingD hittingSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.3.（共 14 页）Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers duringthe past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorabledecline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age offorty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in mostbig-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections ofcriticism published in the 20thcentury consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were oncedeemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews publishedin England between the turn of the 20thcentury and the eve of World War II,at a timewhen newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornamentto the publications in which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for grantedthat the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the eventsthey covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore theirlearning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,could be trusted toknow what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and wereproud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough orliterary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that Iam tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who arenot read to writers who are.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote forthe Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is nowknown solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his lifetime,though,he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics,and a stylist so widelyadmired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,andhis vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival?The prospectseems remote.Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodernreaders have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which hespecialized.Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlongretreat.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.4.（共 14 页）21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized byA free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writersduty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25.What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent Critics in Memory本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.5.（共 14 页）Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are calledbusiness methods.A received one for its“one-click”online paymentsystem.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.Oneinventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back onbusiness-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz,theU.S.Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case toconduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski,as the case is known,is“a very big deal,”says Dennis D.Crouch of the University of Missouri School ofLaw.It“has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face,because itwas the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision inthe so-called State Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of poolingmutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patentfilings,initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights tospecific types of online transactions.Later,more established companies raced to addsuch patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beatthem to the punch.In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued morethan 300 business-method patents,despite the fact that it questioned the legal basisfor granting them.Similarly,some Wall Street investment firms armed themselveswith patents for financial products,even as they took positions in court casesopposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in theenergy market.The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the casewould be heard by all 12 of the courts judges,rather than a typical panel of three,andthat one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should“reconsider”its State StreetBank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions bythe Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.LastApril,for example,the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for“inventions”that are obvious.The judges on the Federal Circuit are“reacting to theanti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,”says Harold C.Wegner,a patent attorney andprofessor at George Washington University Law School.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.6.（共 14 页）26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to businesses.B their connection with asset allocation.C the possible restriction on their granting.D the controversy over their authorization.27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?A Its ruling complies with the court decisions.B It involves a very big business transaction.C It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.D It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28.The word“about-face”(Line 1,Para.3)most probably meansA loss of goodwill.B increase of hostility.C change of attitude.D enhancement of dignity.29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patentsA are immune to legal challenges.B are often unnecessarily issued.C lower the esteem for patent holders.D increase the incidence of risks.30.Which of the following would be the subject of the text?AAlooming threat to business-method patents.B Protection for business-method patent holders.CAlegal case regarding business-method patents.DAprevailing trend against business-method patents.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.7.（共 14 页）Text 3In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that“social epidemics”are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals,oftencalled influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well connected.Theidea is intuitively compelling,but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding butlargely untested theory called the“two-step flow of communication”:Informationflows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketershave embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find andinfluence the influentials,those select people will do most of the work for them.Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds thatsome small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it isbefore anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with theidea that only certain special people can drive trends.In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the findingthat influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they dont seem to be required at all.The researchers argument stems from a simple observation about socialinfluence:With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose outsizepresence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influenceeven the mostinfluential members of a population simply dont interact with that many others.Yetit is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flowtheory,are supposed to drive social epidemics,by influencing their friends andcolleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affectedmust then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little todo with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed fromthe initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change wontpropagate very far or affect many people.Building on this basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studiedthe dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations ofpopulations,manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability toinfluence others and their tendency to be influenced.They found that the principalrequirement for what is called“global cascades”the widespread propagation ofinfluence through networksis the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of acritical mass of easily influenced people.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.8.（共 14 页）31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toA analyze the consequences of social epidemics.B discuss influentialsfunction in spreading ideas.C exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemics.D describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the“two-step-flow theory”A serves as a solution to marketing problems.B has helped explain certain prevalent trends.C has won support from influentials.D requires solid evidence for its validity.33.What the researchers have observed recently shows thatA the power of influence goes with social interactions.B interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media.C influentials have more channels to reach the public.D most celebrities enjoy wide media attention.34.The underlined phrase“these people”in Paragraph 4 refers to the ones whoA stay outside the network of social influence.B have little contact with the sou