卷13-备战2022年高考英语【名校地市好题必刷】全真模拟卷（新高考专用）第三辑（解析版）.docx

备战2022年高考英语【名校地市好题必刷】全真模拟卷（新高考专用） 第一模拟 （本卷共3部分，满分120分，考试用时90分钟） 注意事项： 1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 （2021·广西南宁2022届高三摸底测试英语试题） A Unique Lighthouses August 7 is National Lighthouse Day. It’s a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers, who not only guided ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe. Check out these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them. Cape Byron Lighthouse, Byron Bay, Australia The Cape Byron Lighthouse in Byron Bay, Australia was built in the early 20th century to help protect the Australian coastline. Today, it’s a beautiful location to watch the sunrise. Within walking distance is the Watermark, a perfect place to stay and get some much-needed rest and relaxation from daily life. Lighthouse of Chania, Crete, Greece The Lighthouse of Chania, Crete is one of the oldest surviving lighthouses in the world, dating back to the sixteenth century. Travelers can take a walk along its long pier (码头) during the sunset. Located near the pier to the lighthouse is a hotel from 1890, which offers beautiful views of the bay. Key West Lighthouse, Key West, Florida, USA The Key West Lighthouse was built in 1825 to help guide ships entering the port. Travelers can enjoy climbing up the lighthouse to reach the wonderful sea views and can stay at the Kimpton Lighthouse Hotel, with easy access to the lighthouse and the Ernest Hemingway Home and Museum. Pigeon Point Lighthouse, Pescadero, California, USA The Pigeon Point Lighthouse in Pescadero, California was built in 1871 to help ships navigate (导航) the region's dangerous coastline. Today, the lighthouse is a state landmark, and the quarters where the lighthouse keepers lived have been turned into a hostel, making it a great home base to explore the outdoors, spot whales and watch the stars. 1. Why is National Lighthouse Day celebrated? A. To show the hard life of lighthouse keepers. B. To instruct how to guide ships into harbor. C. To honor lighthouses and their keepers. D. To stress the importance of light. 2. Of the following lighthouses, which is the oldest? A. Cape Byron Lighthouse. B. Lighthouse of Chania. C. Key West Lighthouse. D. Pigeon Point Lighthouse. 3. What do the listed lighthouses have in common? A. They are all located in the USA． B. They have become tourist attractions. C. They offer accommodation to visitors. D. They are good spots to watch the sunrise. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 【语篇解析】这是一篇应用文，主要向读者推荐了全球几座值得参观的灯塔及周边。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It’s a day to celebrate the lights that guide us home and the historic importance of lighthouses and their keepers, who not only guided ships into harbor but also played key roles in naval battles across the globe.（在这一天，我们要庆祝指引我们回家的灯塔和灯塔守护人的历史重要性，他们不仅引导船只进入港口，还在全球海战中发挥了关键作用。）”可知，灯塔节是为了庆祝灯塔在导航和历史上发挥的作用和灯塔看守人在引导船只归港和在全球海战中发挥的重要作用。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。从四座灯塔的修建时间对比可知，希腊的哈尼亚灯塔 (Lighthouse of Chania) 的历史可以追溯到公元16世纪，其它三座灯塔的修建时间均晚于此。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Checkout these fantastic lighthouses across the globe as well as recommendations on the best places to stay near them.（看看世界各地的这些神奇的灯塔，以及它们附近最好的住宿地点的建议。）”及第三、四部分出现的“travelers”可知，这些灯塔都已经成为旅游景点。故选B。 B （2022·辽宁省2022届高三一轮复习联考英语试题）On Septenber 29, 2019, two days before the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, 89-year-old Yuan Longping was awarded the Medal of the Republic, the country’s highest honor for his extraordinary contribution to the nation’s food security, the development of agricultural science, and global food supply. “A tiny grain could either save a country or bring it down. The importance of food security should never be underestimated,” said Yuan, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering. The 2019 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report shows that over 820 million people are suffering from hunger and the world is facing huge challenges in achieving the sustainable development goal of zero hunger by 2030. According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, there are four factors in food security: physical availability of food, economic and physical access to food, food use, and stability of the other three factors over time. Between 1979 and 2005, China received food aid from the UN World Food Program (WFP) which benefited over 30 million people nationwide. Starting from 2016, however, the partnership between China and the WFP witnessed a total transformation: China turned from a major aid recipient to a leading aid donor, supporting millions of malnourished (营养不良的) people beyond its borders. Innovation (创新) in science and technology is one of the driving forces behind this change. Yuan is considered a pioneer in the field of food science and technology. He has dedicated himself to the research, application and promotion of hybrid rice for decades. The super hybrid rice that his team cultivated can yield nearly 18.1 ton per hectare, setting a new world record. Hence, Yuan is regarded as the “father of hybrid rice.” “Food safety is of very importance to the national economy and people’s livelihood. As an agronomist, I felt that I should focus on this area,” Yuan told CGTN. “My biggest hope is to make sure that the ‘rice bowl’ is firmly held in our own hands so that we, as a country, can feed ourselves.” 4. What do we know about Yuan from the first paragraph? A. He gained much support from WFP. B. He contributed a lot to global food supply. C. He changed people’s wrong ideas on food security. D. He won the Medal of the Republic for the second time. 5. What does the author think of the aim of zero hunger by 2030? A. Impractical. B. Impossible. C. Necessary. D. Difficult. 6. According to this passage, what has happened to China since 2016? A. China has helped many countries a lot in food supply. B. China has still received food supply from the UN. C. There have been no malnourished people. D. There have been no problems of food safety. 7. Which is Yuan Longping’s main dream? A. Food safety is no more a problem. B. He can improve people’s livelihood. C. China can feed itself all by itself. D. He has more innovation in food. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 【语篇解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共和国勋章获得者袁隆平的贡献，他被称为“杂交水稻之父”。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“89-year-old Yuan Longping was awarded the Medal of the Republic, the country’s highest honor for his extraordinary contribution to the nation’s food security, the development of agricultural science, and global food supply. (89岁的袁隆平被授予共和国勋章，这是国家的最高荣誉，因为他为国家的粮食安全、农业科学的发展和全球粮食供应作出了非凡的贡献)”可知，袁隆平为全球粮食供应做出了巨大贡献。故选B项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The 2019 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report shows that over 820 million people are suffering from hunger and the world is facing huge challenges in achieving the sustainable development goal of zero hunger by 2030.(《2019年世界粮食安全和营养状况报告》显示，全球饥饿人口超过8.2亿，实现2030年零饥饿可持续发展目标面临巨大挑战)”可推断出，人类要想在2030实现零饥饿的目标，非常艰巨。A. Impractical不实际的；B. Impossible不可能的；C. Necessary必要的；D. Difficult困难的。故选D项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Starting from 2016, however, the partnership between China and the WFP witnessed a total transformation: China turned from a major aid recipient to a leading aid donor, supporting millions of malnourished (营养不良的) people beyond its borders.(然而，从2016年开始，中国与世界粮食计划署的伙伴关系发生了翻天覆地的变化：中国从一个主要的受援国变成了一个主要的援助国，为境外数百万营养不良的人提供了援助)”可知自2016年以来，中国在粮食供应方面帮助了许多国家。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中袁隆平所说的“My biggest hope is to make sure that the ‘rice bowl’ is firmly held in our own hands so that we, as a country, can feed ourselves.(我最大的希望就是把“饭碗”牢牢握在自己的手里，这样我们国家才能喂饱自己)”可知，袁隆平最大的希望是中国可以自给自足。故选C项。 C （2022·黑龙江省八校2022届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）Oily pizza boxes, takeaway coffee cups, plastic jam pots—are they trash or recycling? Sorting out waste for recycling can be very confusing. One US waste processing company has reported that 25% of all recycling it receives is so dirty it must be sent straight to landfills. Meanwhile, the amount of household waste rejected for recycling in England increased by 84% last year. And it’s about to get worse. Nowadays, most sorting is still done by hand. It’s dirty and dangerous work. So Lillian Chin and her colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a robot arm that picks up objects and identifies what they are made from. The robot, called RoCycle, uses sensors to sense the materials it handles. This allows it to distinguish between different metal, plastic, and paper objects. In an experiment, RoCycle correctly classified 27 objects with 85% accuracy. Others are developing robots that sort materials by sight. But the team believes that using touch is more accurate. “The idea is neat,” says Harri Holopainen at ZenRobotics, a company based in Helsinki, Finland, which makes vision-based robotic waste sorters. The drawback is that picking up items one by one takes time. This makes RoCycle too slow for industrial recycling plants, which are expensive to run and need to process waste quickly to cover costs. Some ZenRobotics robots can sort 4,000 objects an hour, for example. Holopainen thinks RoCycle would need to work around 10 times faster to compete. The team is working on combining its touch-based robot with a visual system to speed things up. This robot would scan objects passing by and pick up only those it wasn't sure about. Still, there’s more to be done when it comes to recycling. “The next generation of recycling robots will need to pull any object to pieces to get at the good bits. Every object that has been manufactured (生产) needs to be recycled eventually,” says Holopainen. 8. What do the statistics in paragraph 1 suggest? A. We need to adjust our eating habits. B. The way we sort out waste needs to be improved. C. We failed to raise public awareness about recycling. D. Recycling has caused serious pollution. 9. How does RoCycle identify different objects? A. By scanning them. B. By touching them. C. By smelling them. D. By photographing them. 10. What does Holopainen think of RoCycle? A. It should be more eco-friendly. B. It needs to be more accurate. C. It should be cheaper. D. It needs to work faster. 11. Why does Holopainen say the words in the last paragraph? A. To advise people to use fewer manufactured goods B. To share his company’s business growth plan. C. To predict the future of recycling robots. D. To comment on present recycling efforts. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C 【语篇解析】这是一篇新闻报道。目前大部分的垃圾分拣工作由人工完成，既不卫生又不安全。麻省理工学院的科研人员设计出了可以分拣垃圾的机器手臂。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“One US waste processing company has reported that 25% of all recycling it receives is so dirty it must be sent straight to landfills. (一家美国废品加工公司报道25%的回收垃圾太脏了以致于必须被直接填埋)”和“Meanwhile, the amount of household waste rejected for recycling in England increased by 84% last year. (与此同时，去年英国被拒绝回收的家庭垃圾数量增加了84%)”可推知，我们回收垃圾的方式需要被提高。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“So Lillian Chin and her colleagues at Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a robot arm that picks up objects and identifies what they are made from. (因此， Lillian Chin 和他的麻省理工学院的同事开发了一种机器手臂去捡起物体，然后确认它们是由什么制成)”和第四段“But the team believes that using touch is more accurate.(但研究小组认为，触摸更准确)”可知，这种机器手臂是直接抓取它所处理的物质，是通过触觉来识别不同的对象。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Holopainen的话“Holopainen thinks RoCycle would need to work around 10 times faster to compete. (Holopainen认为，RoCycle需要以10倍的速度工作才能与之竞争)”可知，Holopainen认为RoCycle需要提高工作速度。故选D。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段Holopainen的话“The next generation of recycling robots will need to pull any object to pieces to get at the good bits. Every object that has been manufactured (生产) needs to be recycled eventually, (下一代的回收机器人将需要把任何物体撕碎，以获得好的部分。每一件生产出来的物品最终都需要回收利用)”可推知，Holopainen的这些话是对未来回收机器人的功能预测。故选C。 D （2021·河北邢台2022届高三上学期第二次联考英语试题）Almost every morning for the past two decades, Juliet, the special parrot or simply Macaw, has been visiting the local zoo in Rio de Janeiro to interact with others of her kind through the metal enclosure. Macaws are social birds, so being lonely is a tough burden to bear for Juliet, a beautiful blue-and-yellow macaw who calls Rio home. No one really knows much about her. Zoo staff named the bird Juliet, but they don’t even know if she is actually female. It’s really hard to tell with macaws, and to determine her true gender they would need to capture the bird, and either examine her gonads (生殖腺) or take blood or feather samples. And there’s really no need to put Juliet through all that stress just to satisfy human curiosity. All that everyone knows is that Juliet loves coming to the zoo every morning to be with others of her species. Macaws have an average life expectancy of about 35 years, and Juliet has been around for at least two decades. Yet, she has never had a mate, built a nest or had chicks, and she probably never will, because there’s just no one to do it with. Luckily, there is hope for Rio’s loneliest bird. Through Refauna, an initiative which reintroduces species into protected areas, scientists want to raise some 20 chicks that will, receive training on wild food sources, as well as enemies and power line avoidance, before being released into the wild. The birds will be released into Rio de Janeir’s giant Tijuca Forest National Park, where Juliet is believed to spend her nights. Scientists hope the birds will help keep balance in the local eco-system, by breaking seeds that other birds can’t, thus spreading those seeds. But they will also become welcome company for Juliet, allowing her to fly with others of her kind for the first time in 20 years. And maybe she’ll even find love. 12. What is the most unbearable for Juliet? A. Hunting food. B. Feather color. C. Interaction. D. Loneliness. 13. Why does the zoo staff give up finding out Juliet’s real gender? A. They have difficulty catching her. B. They are unable to find her gonads. C. They refuse to put her under pressure. D. They plan to raise visitors’ curiosity. 14. What can we know about Juliet? A. She has built a big nest. B. She’s no spring chicken. C. She hates feeding chicks. D. She’s in love with a bird. 15. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. Benefits for other birds from Juliet. B. Problems with the current ecosystem. C. What Juliet need to survive the wild. D. Expectations for Juliet after release. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. D 【语篇解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一只爱好社交的金刚鹦鹉Juliet。二十只雏鸟将会被释放到公园中，希望它们能够为生态平衡做出贡献并且Juliet有望找到伴侣。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的“Macaws are social birds, so being lonely is a tough burden to bear for Juliet, a beautiful blue-and-yellow macaw who calls Rio home.”(金刚鹦鹉是喜欢群居的鸟，因此对于Juliet来说，最难以忍受的是孤独。Juliet是只漂亮的蓝