专题十一　介词和动词短语.pptx

三年模拟,A组 20172019年高考模拟考点基础题组,考点一介词和介词短语1.(2019河北保定摸底考试,65)A report published on Dec.6 says this style of health care,which includes different forms herbal medicine and exercise,has spread to 183 countries and re-gions.答案like句意:12月6日发表的一篇报道说:此类医疗保健包括不同的形式,比如草药和锻炼。它已经传播到了183个国家和地区。设空处后的herbal medicine和exercise被用来列举,故设空处填介词like,意为:比如。2.(2019海南儋州一次统测,70)Jin Yong has many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas,as a re-sult many adaptations of his works into films,television series,comics and video games.答案of句意:因为金庸的许多作品被改编为电影、电视连续剧、连环漫画及电子游戏,他在华语地区外也有大量粉丝。根据句意,填of构成as a result of短语。,3.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考,61)Sleep might be one answer the problem.答案to句意:睡眠可能是解决这个问题的一个方法。名词answer需与介词to连用,意为:的解决方法。4.(2019河北衡水中学一调,61)As we all know,Hangzhou,a beautiful city,won the bid September 16th 2015.答案on句意:众所周知,在2015年9月16日,一个美丽的城市杭州,申办成功。考查介词。表示“在具体某日”要用介词on。5.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,68)Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.答案of句意:如果你感到担心或焦虑,寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是非常重要的。考查介词。be of importance=be important。be+of+抽象名词=be+名词的同源形容词。,6.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试,63)But on Saturday(Sept.1),millions of par-ents watching the show disapproved of the“endless”ads delaying the show12 minutes.答案by句意:但是在周六(9月1日),几百万观看该节目的家长对冗长的广告推迟播出时间达12分钟,表达了不满。本题考查介词。设空处与后面的12 minutes表示“推迟的幅度”,故填by。7.(2019湖北名校大联考,63)Walt Disney developed an early interest in drawing.He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer the age of 18.答案at句意:华特迪士尼很早就对绘画产生了兴趣。小的时候他就上绘画课,18岁时就成了一名商业设计师。at the age of为固定短语,意为:在岁时。8.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考,62)A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions(include)the United States,Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event.答案including句意:来自包括美国、俄罗斯、英国等31个国家和地区的总共956名游泳选手将参加这一令人愉快的赛事。including为介词,意为“包括”。,9.(2019广东佛山教学质检,66)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk if they dont want to.答案about句意:家长应尽量和他们的儿女谈谈他们的学业、未来计划,但是如果孩子们不愿意谈,也不该强拉硬拽和他们谈。talk to sb.about sth.和某人谈论关于的事情。10.(2018河南郑州一中六次测试,41)Most caves are formednature under the ground,but some have entrances people can find.答案by句意:大部分洞窟是在地下自然形成的,但有些洞窟的入口人们可以发现。by na-ture为固定搭配,意为“天然地”,故填介词by。11.(2018山西祁县中学月考,67)The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)will map out overall reform measures(concern)the countrys political system and other areas.答案concerning句意:中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会将规划有关国家政治体制以及其他领域的总体改革措施。设空处及后面的部分作measures的定语,且设空处表示“关于”,故设空处填介词;根据提示词concern可知设空处需填介词concerning,意为“关于”。,12.(2018陕西榆林二中三模,70)With the Internet,parents cannot check a published guide to de-termine what is suitabletheir children to see.答案for句意:关于因特网,父母们不能审核已发布的指南来决定哪些内容适合他们的孩子浏览。“their children to see”为不定式的复合结构作状语;不定式的复合结构为:介词for+名词/代词+to do,故设空处填介词for。13.(2018广东五校协作体一次联考,65)The brand was born in Wuzhen in 1848 and has been pop-ularthe distinctive taste of its duck products.答案for句意:该品牌于1848年诞生于乌镇,由于其鸭产品独特的味道而受欢迎。设空处表示“原因”,故用介词for。14.(2018福建龙岩2月质检,62)As Christmas is the most important festival in the West,some be-lieve that it is similarthe Spring Festival in China.答案to句意:由于圣诞节是西方最重要的节日,因此一些人认为它与中国的春节相似。be similar to为固定短语,意为“与相似”。,15.(2018山西孝义实验中学二模,66)It was about 300 or 400 years before the extra names gradu-ally developed into last names,or surnames.They were passed ongeneration to generation.答案from句意:大约过了三四百年,这些附加的名字才逐渐演变成姓氏。它们被一代又一代地传了下来。from.to.为固定短语,意为“从到”。16.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评V,65)My parents and teachers were surprised my bad performance.答案at句意:我父母和老师对我不好的表现感到很惊讶。be surprised at为固定短语,意为:对感到惊讶。17.(2017江西赣中南五校一模,61)Nowadays,millionslonely singles are now going on-line.答案of句意:现在,数以百万计的感到孤独的单身者们正在上网。millions of为固定结构,意为:数以百万计的。,18.(2017山西晋商四校联考,63)On Saturday morning,they decided to climb the mountain by themselves while their parents relaxed at the campsite.After three hours,they reached the top no problems.答案with句意:在周六的早晨,他们决定在他们的父母在营地休息时独自去爬山。3个小时后,他们轻易地到达了山顶。with no problems意为:轻易地。19.(2017河南八市重点高中质检,64)Ocean currents changed the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.答案with句意:洋流随气候变化而变化,并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示伴随,意为:随着。,考点二动词短语1.(2019山西太原期中考试,64)But the success of Sisyphe Bookstore,one of the biggest privately-owned bookstore chains in China,may serve a great example.答案as句意:但是,西西弗书店是中国最大的私有连锁书店之一,它的成功也许可以作为一个非常棒的案例。考查动词短语。serve as 意为:充当,担任。2.(2019河南洛阳期中考试,62)This led the sudden and tremendous growth of its up-and-coming industries.答案to句意:这使得它的新兴产业取得了突飞猛进的发展。本题考查动词短语。lead to 意为:导致。3.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,69)Also,stay focused your work.答案on句意:也要关注你的学习。be/stay focused on.为固定短语,意为:对(保持)关注。,4.(2019浙江金丽衢十二校二次联考,58)You harshly scold your daughter for knocking the cup over.She breaks in tears.答案down句意:由于你女儿将茶杯打翻你严厉地斥责她,她禁不住哭起来。break down为固定短语,意为:禁不住哭出来。5.(2019山东师大附中五次模拟,66)The term“Mandarin”can also refer to Standard Mandarin,which is based the Mandarin dialect spoken in Beijing.答案on句意:“普通话”这个词还可指标准普通话,它是以北京的普通话方言为基础的。be based on为固定用法,意为:以为基础。6.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考,66)The Jinan winter swimming race will acta warm-up event for the forthcoming Winter Swimming World Cup.答案as句意:济南冬泳比赛将作为即将到来的世界杯冬泳比赛的热身赛。act as为固定短语,意为:充当,担当。,7.(2019河南天一大联考二次考试,64)In the United States,Canada and Australia,primary and secondary education together is sometimes referred toK-12 education.答案as句意:在美国、加拿大以及澳大利亚,小学和中学教育合在一起有时被称为K-12教育(从幼儿园到12年级的教育)。refer to sth.as sth.意为:称为。8.(2018河北五个一联盟二次联考,42)Do you want to keep upthe latest research and dis-coveries in science?答案with句意:你想了解最新的科学研究和发现吗?keep up with sth.为固定短语,意为“了解(消息、形势等)”,故填with。9.(2018临川二中、新余四中联考,66)Third culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completelytheir new surroundings.答案to句意:“第三文化小孩”可能不能使自己完全适应新环境。adapt.to.为固定短语,意为“使适应”。故填介词to。,10.(2018河南天一大联考,68)Following his recent rise to fame,Rizea has been asked by many cities,including the capital of Romania to transform their old treesworks of art.答案into句意:随着最近Rizea名声的不断增大,很多城市包括罗马尼亚的首都都请他将老树改造成艺术品。transform.into.为动词短语,意为“将改造成”。11.(2018湖北襄阳调研,67)As part of their plan,the WHO asked governments to consider the role food advertising playsencouraging people to eat unhealthy food.答案in句意:作为计划的一部分,世界卫生组织请求各国政府仔细考虑食品广告在鼓励人们食用不健康食品方面所起的作用。“food advertising playsencouraging people to eat unhealthy food”为省略关系词的定语从句,先行词为the role,将先行词代入定语从句后为:Food advertising plays a roleencouraging people to eat unhealthy food.play a role in.为固定短语,意为“在方面起作用”,故填介词in。12.(2018河北张家口上学期期末,62)According to the researchers,friendships can“make a world of difference”and even influence how we respondillness.答案to句意:根据这些研究者们的说法,友谊可以“创造一个有差异性的世界”,甚至影响我们对疾病的反应方式。respond to为固定短语,意为:对做出反应。,13.(2017湖北荆门调研,68)What Evan said that day made me realize that I could make friends but I must be careful in choosing whom I open up.答案to句意:那天埃文说的话使我意识到我可以交朋友,但是在选择对谁可以敞开心扉方面,我必须要小心。open up to sb.向某人敞开心扉,故设空处填to。14.(2017河北唐山一次调研,65)Then Al turned alcohol for help to forget the sadness.答案to句意:后来,为了忘记那些悲伤,Al求助于酒。turn to sth.for help求助于某物。15.(2017河北石家庄二中联考,61)Im writing to applythe position as a volunteer.答案for句意:我写信申请志愿者这一职位。apply for.“申请”。故填for。,B组20172019年高考模拟专题综合题组,单句改错1.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Of all my teachers,Mr.Moore is the one who makes an impression of me.答案第二个ofon句意:在我的所有老师中,摩尔老师给我留下了好印象。考查动词短语。make an impression on sb.是固定短语,意为:给某人留下好印象。2.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage.答案advantage后加of句意:一些人开玩笑地说:交朋友就是为了利用他们。考查动词短语。take advantage of为固定短语,意为:利用。3.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Weak as he seemed,he went straight into the sea with any hesitation.答案withwithout句意:虽然他看起来很弱,但他毫不犹豫地径直向海里走去。考查介词。without any hesitation毫不犹豫,根据句意,故改为without。,4.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)Some students may get access for some unhealthy websites,which does harm to their development.答案forto句意:一些学生可能会进入一些不健康的网站,这对他们的成长有害。考查固定搭配。get access to sth.为固定短语,意为:进入,有权做。5.(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟一次联考)We had to go to home that day.答案删除第二个to句意:那一天我们不得不回家。考查介词。此句中的home为副词,副词作状语时不必与介词连用,故删除介词to。6.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)I always feel so thankful to what they have offered to me.答案第一个tofor句意:我总是对他们为我的付出感到非常感激。考查固定搭配。错误处表示原因,故将to改为for。be thankful(to sb.)for sth.意为:因某事(向某人)表示感谢。7.(2019福建安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学期中)Once I talked to her this problem.答案this problem前加about句意:有一次我和她谈起了这个问题。考查介词。talk to sb.about sth.和某人谈论某事。,8.(2019安徽江淮十校二次联考)She is 35,but she looks quite young at her age.答案atfor句意:她35岁了。但就她的年龄而言,她看上去十分年轻。考查介词。错误处表示“就而言”且表达她的外表令人惊讶,需用介词for而非at。at her age在她那个年龄的时候。9.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)However,too much rain does a lot of harm for us.答案forto句意:然而,太多的雨水对我们有很多危害。“do harm to.”为固定短语,意为:对有危害。10.(2019江西红色七校二联)As I was waiting the response from the manager,I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter.答案waiting后加for句意:当我等待经理的回复时,我看到一位老人坐着轮椅向柜台滑去。wait作“等待”讲为不及物动词,后加宾语时,需在wait后加介词for。,11.(2018河南郑州一中阶段检测)Every time I look at the pictures for which I took,I will re-member the water,the bridges and the houses.答案去掉for句意:每次看我所拍摄的照片,我都会记起那里的水、桥和房子。“for which I took”为定语从句,先行词为the pictures,将先行词代入定语从句后可知先行词在定语从句中作took的宾语,需用which而非for which引导,故将for删除。12.(2018福建龙岩2月质检)Last year,I took a part in a charity concert,which was organized by several communities to support a non-profit organization.答案去掉part前的a句意:去年,我参加了一场慈善音乐会,该音乐会是几个社区为了赞助一个非营利性组织而举办的。take part in为固定短语,故将part前的a去掉。13.(2018福建莆田3月质检)At 8 a.m.,we gathered the foot of the Daqing Mountain and set out for the top in high spirits.答案the foot前加at句意:在上午八点,我们在大青山山脚下集合,然后情绪高涨地向山顶挺进。gather作“集合”讲,为不及物动词,后面需用介词短语作地点状语,故在the foot前加at。,14.(2018全国百校联盟一次联考)Under our help,all the books were free from the rain.答案UnderWith句意:在我们的帮助下,所有的书都没被雨淋。with ones help为固定搭配,意为“在某人的帮助下”。15.(2018山东日照一模)At around 8:30,in the morning of February 8th,I found a lost suitcase near the exit of Heathrow Airport.答案inon句意:在2月8日上午8:30左右,我在希思罗机场出口附近发现了一个被遗失的手提箱。英文中,表示“在具体某天的上午、下午、晚上”时,要使用介词on,故将in改为on。16.(2018河南中原名校五次联考)The phenomenon that people are too addicted in their mobile phones is becoming more and more popular.答案into句意:人们过度沉溺于手机这种现象正变得越来越普遍。be addicted to为固定短语,意为“沉溺于,对上瘾”。故将in改为to。,17.(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)Firstly,you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study.答案去掉with句意:首先,你们可以分享高效的学习经验来促进你们的英语学习。share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。本句中share后为分享的内容,故将with删除。18.(2017湖北襄阳一次调研)They say they have learned what is not taught in textbooks and have got a great deal practice.答案deal后加of句意:他们说他们学到了在教材中没有教授的内容并得到了很多实践。a great deal of为固定短语,意为:许多。19.(2017江西赣中南五校一模)Hope you reply me soon.答案reply后加to句意:希望你很快给我答复。reply为不及物动词,后加sb.作宾语时,需用reply to sb.。20.(2017山东临沂一模)If you find a position at there,Im sure youll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability.答案去掉at句意:如果你在那里找到一个职位,我确信你在品质和能力上都会有迅速的提升。there为副词,可单独作状语,故将at删除。,C组20172019年高考模拟应用创新题组,Passage 1 Art improves our lives 1 directly and indirectly lifting the morals of individuals,creating unity and social harmony.Art creates awareness 2 social issues.Art may express and reflect the re-ligious,political,and economical aspects of cultures.Art is and can be whatever a culture says it is,or whatever people want it to be.It involves all people,those who come up 3 the idea of the work,perform it and provide necessary equipment and materials,and people who make 4 the audience for the work.Art usually appears 5 the form of diverse architectures,body decora-tion,clothing manufacture,or memorial sculptures.Art copies the natural world.It gives orders 6 the world and strength to human life.Art is a means 7 communication.It provides plea-surable experiences along 8 intellectual wealth.Art also helps 9(we)to express our sen-timental relations.It can beautify surprise,stimulate 10(imagine),tell stories and record his-tory.As someone once said,“Art is life.”,答案语篇解读本文为说明文。本文介绍了艺术的定义、功能等。1.by艺术通过直接或间接地提升个人道德来改善我们的生活,创造团结和社会和谐。设空处与后面的动名词短语作方式状语,意为:通过方式,故填介词by。2.of艺术可以建立对社会问题的认知。be aware of为固定短语,意为:知道,意识到。aware-ness 为aware的名词形式,与aware一样与介词of连用。3.with它(艺术)涉及所有的人,那些提出工作理念、付诸实施、提供必要的设备和材料的人。come up with为固定短语,意为“提出”,故答案为with。4.up 考查动词短语。make up为固定短语,意为“组成,构成”,故答案为up。5.in艺术经常以各种建筑、人体装饰、服装制造或纪念性雕塑的形式出现。in the form of为固定搭配,意为:以的形式。6.to它向世人发出指令,并赋予人类生活的力量。give.to sb.为固定用法:把给某人。故答案为to。,7.of艺术是一种交流方式。设空处表示“所属关系”,故填介词of。a means of:一种。8.with它不仅提供知识财富还提供快感体验。along with意为:和。相似短语还有together with。9.us 艺术还有助于我们表达情感关系。设空处作help的宾语,再根据提示词“we”,可知设空处填宾格us。10.imagination艺术能够美化惊喜,激发想象,讲述故事,还能记录历史。stimulate为及物动词,后应为名词作宾语,故正确答案为不可数名词imagination。,Passage 2 In London,there are many so-called pop-up shops(流动商店).Why they get such a name is that they are just temporary 1(arrange).Pop-up shops first appeared in the UK 2 the early 2000s.They were originally a way 3 small companies to rent small space in great locations.In 2008,many businesses had to shut 4.Shops and some offices were left empty when they stopped trading.Smart businessmen occupied some of them quickly because they could start a business 5 much lower risk.The temporary nature of a pop-up shop gave them the opportuni-ty to test a product and develop a customer base.Being small made 6 easier for pop-up shops to expand if they were successful.Pop-up shops can take many different forms.They might be temporary shops in the high street or a shopping center.They might be simple market stalls.According 7 a 2014 report made 8 the Center for Economic and Business Research,the pop-up industry was worth 2.1 billion and it is expected to grow 9 8.4%this year.Almost anything that can be on a high street can also be a pop-up shop.10 an age of fast-changing habits,the pop-up idea might be here to stay.,答案语篇解读本文为说明文,介绍了伦敦流动商店的发展历史。1.arrangements它们有这样的名字是因为它们只是暂时性的安排。本题考查名词。设空处前为形容词,故设空处应为名词。又根据表语从句主、谓语(they are)可知设空处需用名词复数形式,即arrangements。2.in流动商店是在二十一世纪初期首次在英国出现的。本题考查介词。根据设空处后的“the early 2000s”可知设空处填介词in。3.for它们原本是一些小公司在比较好的位置租用一小块儿空间的一种方式。“small com-panies”作不定式“to rent”的逻辑主语,故用不定式复合结构(for.to do)作a way的定语,故填for。4.down在2008年许多企业不得不关闭。shut down为固定短语,意为:倒闭、关张。5.with/at聪明的商人迅速占领了其中的一些店铺,因为他们可以冒更小的风险来创业。start.with为固定用法:以开始。at.risk也为固定短语,意为:冒的风险。6.it这些流动商店规模很小,如果成功就很容易扩大规模。设空处作形式宾语,“for pop-up shops to expand”为真正宾语,故填it。,7.to根据经济和商业研究中心所做的2014年度报告,流动商店产业已达21亿英镑,今年有望提高8.4%。according to为固定用法:根据,按照。8.by介词by置于过去分词后,意为“被,由”,引出动作的执行者,故答案为by。9.by介词by+数词,表示:增长(或下降)的幅度。grow by增长了。类似的搭配还有in-crease/reduce/decrease by 增加/减少/缩减了。grow/increase/reduce/decrease to增长/增加/减少/缩减到。10.In在这个行为习惯迅速改变的时代,流动商店这种经营方式很可能会保留下来。in an age of.意为:在的时代。at the age of 表示年龄,意为:在岁时,故本题填At不可接受。,历年高考试题汇编,考点一介词和介词短语1.(2019江苏,27)Favorable policies areeffect to encourage employees professional devel-opment.答案in句意:为了鼓励员工的职业发展,一些有利的政策开始生效。in effect生效。2.(2018北京,14)Good morning,Mr.Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointmentnext Wednesday afternoon.答案for句意:早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。本题考查介词的基本用法。appointment for.在此处表示“的预约”。3.(2018天津,11)Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he wentall.答案after句意:由于得写一份报告,鲍勃原以为自己参加不了那场聚会了,但是他最后还是去参加了。本题考查介词短语。根据句意可知填after。after all还是,终究。,4.(2018江苏,33)Chinas soft power grows in linethe increasing appreciation and under-standing of China globally.答案with句意:中国软实力的增长是与全球对中国不断增长的欣赏和理解紧密相连的。考查介词短语。in line with为固定短语,意为:与紧密相连。5.(2017北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.答案in句意:很多居住在沿