16.6四级第二套听力原文.doc

You probably think college students are experts at sleeping. 你可能会认为大学生是睡眠大师， But parties, preparations for tests, personal problems and general stress can wreck a student's sleep habits, which can be bad for the body and the mind. 然而聚会、备考、个人问题以及各种压力都在破坏着他们的睡眠习惯，这给他们的身心带来了很坏的影响。 Texas Tech University is even offering a class called "Improving Your Sleep Habits". 得克萨斯理工大学甚至开设了一门名为《改善你的睡眠习惯》的课程。 People suffering from sleep loss are adding increased risk from obesity, psychological problems and car crashes. 被失眠困扰的人出现肥胖或心理问题的可能性更高，被卷入车祸事件的几率更大。 Students who don't get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades. 缺乏睡眠的学生出勤率偏低，成绩相对较差。 On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning & Memory finds you are probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test. 除此之外，一份刊登在《学习与记忆》日报上的研究发现睡觉比临时抱佛脚更有可能得到好结果。 Two hundred college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games. 200名大学生被指导如何玩一款他们不熟悉的视频游戏。 Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later, but they did much better after getting a good night sleep. 早上学习游戏的一些学生12小时后再次玩时忘记了一些学过的技能，但是他们在晚上得到充足的睡眠之后第二天玩得更好了。 So, if you really want to do your job well, don't forget to get some sleep. 所以，如果你想做好一份工作，不要忘了睡眠的重要性。 Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答问题1-2。 Question 1. What is the news report mainly about? 问题1：新闻报道的主要内容是什么？ Question 2. What is the finding of the new study published in the journal Learning & Memory? 问题2：刊登在《学习与记忆》日报上的研究发现了什么？ Long queues, delayed flights and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather. 在英国，对乘飞机时排长队、推迟航班、机场拥挤的抱怨出现在人们对话中的频率已经快要赶超他们长久以来的吐槽对象——坏天气了。 Meanwhile, there are complaints that poor service at London's major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain. 同时，还有人指责伦敦几个主要机场糟糕的服务使得外国人越来越不愿意来英国做生意。 Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority, which runs seven major airports, including the three main ones serving London. 众多指责的焦点是英国机场管理局。该机构运营着七家大型机场，其中三家在伦敦。 The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets. 目前竞争委员会将对英国机场管理局进行调查，调查旨在确定英国机场管理局是否需要将其部分资产出售。 The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports. 其目的是通过加强竞争来推动机场服务质量的提升。 The British Airports Authority, recently bought by a Spanish company, 最近被一家西班牙公司收购的英国机场管理局， says the root cause of the problem is not the ownership structure but a lack of runway and terminal capacity, 表示问题的根源不在于产权结构而在于跑道和航空站容客量不足， which it is addressing through a program of heavy investment. 而他们正在投巨资解决这一问题。 Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答问题3-4。 Question 3. What is the Competition Commission going to investigate? 问题3：竞争委员会将对什么展开调查？ Question 4. What is the root cause of the poor service at British airports according to the British Airports Authority? 问题4：英国机场管理局认为导致英国机场服务质量差的根源问题是什么？ Under the law in Massachusetts, tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results. 马萨诸塞州法律规定，烟草公司必须测量并公布其各类香烟中的尼古丁含量。 The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures and then draws its conclusion. 波士顿公共卫生部会收集并仔细审查这些数据，最终进行总结。 A hundred and sixteen brands were looked at for the study. 接受审查的香烟品牌共有116个。 Ninety two were found to have higher nicotine yields than they did six years previously. 其中有92个品牌香烟中尼古丁含量高于6年前。 The biggest increases tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers. 而增福最大的是受年轻人喜欢的品牌。 That worries the department because of the addictive nature of nicotine. 这令卫生部感到不安，因为尼古丁是一种能让人上瘾的物质。 Stand Glance, a professor of medicine in San Francisco, explains why: 旧金山的医学教授斯坦德·格兰斯解释了原因： "The amount of nicotine that is delivered in every cigarette is ten percent higher than it was six year ago, “现在产出香烟中尼古丁的含量相较六年前增长了10%， which means that is easier to get hooked and harder to quit. 这就意味着人们会更容易上瘾，戒烟也会更加困难。 The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are frank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision. 那些大的烟草公司一直以来宣称他们对抽烟的危害一直坦诚布公，并为顾客提供了足够信息，让他们在知情的情况下做出购买决定。 However, none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products." 然而却没有一家公司准备对这一调查作出评论，或者针对他们产品中具体的尼古丁含量进行讨论。 Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答问题5-7。 Question 5. What do tobacco companies have to do under the law in Massachusetts? 问题5：马萨储塞州法律对烟草公司做出了什么规定？ Question 6. What do we learn from the study by the Department of Public Health in Boston? 问题6：从波士顿公共卫生部的研究中我们可以知道什么？ Question 7. What do we learn from the news report about the big tobacco companies? 问题7：从这则新闻报道中我们对大烟草公司有哪些了解？ M: And you know one thing that I wanted to ask you. It is great that you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia and following up on what you just mentioned, what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English-speaking country? And, you know, they want to learn. I don't know about perfecting but they want at least to be able to communicate decently. How can they go about this? 男士：有一件事我想问你。你能有去印尼教学以及后边你提到的经历很好，但是对于那些不是生活在英语国家的学生你有什么建议。我不是说要达到完美的水平，至少能够做到无障碍交流。他们怎样才能做到呢？ W: Yeah, it is really hard. That’s the real struggle because right now I do live in Holland but I really don't socialize much with Dutch people. And my boyfriend's English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time. So I have to make a real effort to practice. There's as much listening exposure as I want. All I have to do is turn on the TV. 女士：是的，这的确很难。这是个问题，因为虽然我现在住在荷兰，但是我几乎不和荷兰人来往。而且我男朋友的英语实在太好了，我们基本上都用英语沟通。所以我不得不刻意地去练习。我能够获得的听力资源很充足，只要打开电视就可以。 M: And reading also, right? 男士：还有阅读，对吗？ W: Yeah, reading. There's plenty I can get to read and listen to. But for speaking, there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere. So I think that is really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn't spoken. And for that, gosh, what would I do? If I didn't have people here, probably try to find a club? In Sweden, they have a really cool system called study circles where not…It's like a course, but really you just have a course leader, who is there, sort of, as a coaching guide and to help out. And you don't get grade, and you go just because you want to learn. 对，阅读。我能找到的阅读和听力资料很多。但是至于“说”，没有什么比能够让人放松地应用语言的环境更理想了。所以我认为对于生活在不讲其目标语国家的语言学习者来说，这是真正的挑战。针对这种情况，天哪，我会怎么做呢？如果我身边没有人帮我练习，或许我会去找俱乐部？在瑞典有一种叫做“学习圈”的组织。它就像一种语言班，有班领导，像指导员一样帮助我们。但是不会有评分，大家去那里全靠兴趣。 Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答8-11题。 Question 8. Where does the woman live right now? 问题8：女士现在住在哪里？ Question 9. What does the woman say is the real challenge? 问题9：女士说真正的挑战是什么？ Question 10. What does the woman suggest doing to learn to speak a foreign language? 关于学习“说”外语，女士给出了什么建议？ Question 11. What does the woman say about the study circles in Sweden? 问题11：关于瑞典的“学习圈”女士说了什么？ W: OK, Nathan. So we are talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that you'd like to change? 女士：南森，我们正在讨论关于开车的话题，你有没有想要改的交通规则呢？ M: I'm not sure I want to change rules. But I'd like the police to be stricter on the rules. Like if people jump the traffic lights, I don't know why there isn't a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that. Or like speeding. It is very easy to put speed cameras in certain places. 男士：需不需要改交通规则我说不好。但是我希望警察执法能够更严格一些。比如，为什么不在交通灯杆上安装监控摄像机来防止人们闯红灯呢？或者在控制超速驾驶方面，在一些地方安装超速监控也很容易啊。 W: Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting the power of their engines. What’s the point in producing an engine that is big and powerful enough to go like 200 km/h when the speed limit is only 100? 女士：或许汽车生产厂商也应该在控制引擎马力方面出一份力。如果车速限制是100千米每小时，那么生产马力能达到200千米每小时的引擎又有何用呢？ M: Right. But do you know there are no speed limits in Germany? 男士：对。但是你知道吗？德国没有车速限制。 W: People there do drive responsibly, though. Often, people break laws simply because the laws are there. If the law isn't there, people will drive within their ability range. When you've got speed limit, this creates situation that actually presents dangers on the road. 女士：但是那里的人们驾车时很有责任感。人们做出违法的事往往是因为法律的存在。如果没有法律，人们都会量力而行。设定了限速，反而导致了公路上一些危险情况的发生。 M: Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving? 男士：你认为德国人对驾车责任感方面的培养比中国人要好吗？ W: Possibly. They also have very good cars. 女士：有可能。而且他们的汽车也很好。 M: Right. 男士：对。 W: If you’ve got a good car that can go at high speed, then it's really nice to do that. 女士：如果你的车很好，引擎驱动力充足，那么高速驾驶的感觉会很好。 M: But still with care. 男士：但是仍然要谨慎。 W: So I think it is the restriction that creates the dangers sometimes. 女士：所以我觉得正正这些制度导致了危险情况的发生。 M: OK. 男士：好吧。 W: Obviously, when driving through a residential area or where there is a school, you’ve got to have speed policeman. 女士：当然，居民区和校区这类地方需要设置减速设施。 M: Speed bumps. 男士：减速带。 W: Yes, speed bumps, those speed bumps that force you to slow down. I think they're good idea. 女士：对，减速带，它能迫使车辆减速。我觉得这个东西很好。 M: So you don't think fining people is useful? 男士：那你觉得罚款没有用喽？ W: Not really, because the police don't have time to police every single driver. 女士：用处不大，因为警察没有时间对所有的司机进行一一监管。 Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答12-15题。 12. What are the speakers mainly talking about? 12. 说话者讨论的主要内容是什么？ 13. What does the woman think car manufacturers could do? 13. 女士认为汽车生产商能够做什么？ 14. What can we learn about people driving in Germany? 14. 对于人们在德国的驾车情况我们了解了什么？ 15. What does the woman think of the police fining drivers? 15. 女士对处罚司机的警察有什么看法？ Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco, Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for a pack of cigarettes. 旧金山市中心的一家商店收银处，山姆·阿扎正在用信用卡支付一包香烟的钱。 The store's card reader failed to scan the card's magnetic strip. Azar tried again and again. No luck. 商店的读卡器无法识别他卡上的词条，阿扎试了又试，总是不行。 As customers began to queue, Mr. Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag. 眼看顾客们开始排队，阿扎在收银台后面拿出了一个黑色的塑料袋。 He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again. Success. 他把卡用一层塑料包起来然后有刷了一次，这次成功了。 The sale was completed. "I don't know how it works. It just does." said Mr. Azar who learned the trick from another clerk. 交易完成了。阿扎先生说：“我不知道其中的原理。但是就是行得通。”这是他从一名其他员工那里学来的小窍门。 Verifone, the company that makes the store's card reader, would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked. 这家商店读卡机的生产商，惠尔丰，对这种塑料袋技巧的功效不置可否。 But it's one of many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered often out of desperation，and shared. 生活中很多非专业人士在绝望时发现一些毫无技术含量但却能克服高科技问题的窍门，并与他人分享。这只是其中之一。 Today's shaky economy is likely to produce many more such tricks. 如今不稳定的经济可能会催生更多这种小窍门。 "In post-war Japan, the economy wasn't doing so great so you couldn't get everyday-use items like household cleaners," “战后日本经济不景气，所以人们买不到一些日用器具，比如家用清洁器。” says Lisa Katayama, author of Urawaza, a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyle tips and tricks. 《裏技》的作者片山丽萨说。“裏技”在日语中是聪明的生活贴士和技巧的意思。 "So people looked for ways to do with what they had." “所以人们就会用现有的东西想办法。” Today, Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue. 现在，美国人也开始发现一些能够用纸和胶水之类的简单材料解决机器故障的窍门了。 Some, like Mr. Azar's plastic bag, are open to argument as to how they work or whether they really work at all. 其中一些和阿扎先生包塑料袋的窍门一样，其工作原理和功效饱受争议。 But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science. 但很多“丹方”是可以用科学解释的。 Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 请根据你刚听到的内容回答16-18题。 Question 16. What happened when Sam Azar swiped his credit card to pay for his purchase? 问题16：山姆·阿扎购物后用信用卡支付时遇到了什么问题？ Question 17. How did Sam Azar manage to complete the sale? 问题17：山姆·阿扎是如何完成交易的？ Question 18. What is today's shaky economy likely to do? 问题18：如今不稳定的经济会带来什么？ If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things, 如果你是一名研究生，那么你会在许多方面需要导师的帮助， including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation. 包括提高成绩、申请助学资金、组建审核委员会以及写推荐信。 If you are a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your "boss". 而如果你是研究生助教，那么你的导师也就是你的“老板”了。 Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students. 各个学术院系为研究生分配导师的机制不同。 In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser. 在一些院系，系主任至少要在新生的第一学期担任导师。 Then students select an adviser, based on shared academic interests. 之后，学生根据学术兴趣选择导师。 In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department's "advising load". 另外一些院系则有某种导师分配体系，这种体系的分配原则以“指导量”为基础。 Later, students may have the opportunity of selecting the adviser that they prefer. 之后，学生可以根据自己的喜好选择导师。 In any case, new graduate students can learn who their advisers or temporary advisers are by visiting or emailing the departmental office and asking for the information. 无论属于以上哪种导师分配情况，新生都可以通过拜访院系办公室或给院系办公室发邮件询问导师或者临时导师的信息。 Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn, 毕业要求中写明了你需要修的学分总数、 the minimum grade point average you must achieve and the distribution of credits you must have from among differing departments or fields of study. 必须取得的平均学分绩点的下限、以及在各院系或学科需修学分的分布情况。 In addition, it is necessary to apply for graduation when you near that time that you will be completing your graduation requirements. 另外，你的各项指标即将达到毕业要求前，你必须向学校申请毕业。 Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university, you should consult the Bulletin of Information. 由于大学各科系的毕业要求不同，你需要查阅信息手册。 You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic adviser. 你还应该就这些问题向系办公室或学业导师请教。 Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 请根据刚刚听到的内容回答19-21题。 Question 19. What does the speaker say about the procedures for assigning academic advisers? 问题19：关于导师分配流程说话人都说了什么内容？ Question 20. How can new graduate students learn who their advisers are? 问题20：研究生可以从哪里获悉其导师是谁？ Question 21. What does the speaker say about graduation requirements? 问题21：关于毕业要求说话人都说了什么？ Jody Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in middle and high schools. 乔迪·哈伯德是一位饮食营养专家，她经常到本州各所初高中学校去做演讲。 She primarily speaks to students in health classes, but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls. 最开始她是在健康课上给学生们讲，但是有时候学校会安排她给几类特殊的女学生讲。 Her biggest concern is the empha