201206听力原文+答案+解析.doc

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.   11. W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks? M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 【答案】A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while. 【解析】此题为细节题。从对话中可知，Anna摔倒导致脊椎受伤，医生让其卧床休息一个月。   12. M: A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend. But I can’t find a ticket anywhere. W: Don’t be upset. My sister just happened to have one and she can’t go since she has got some sort of conflict in her schedule. Q: What does the woman mean? 【答案】C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man. 【解析】此题为推理题。男子找不到俄罗斯芭蕾表演的票子，女子告诉她不要失落，因为自己的姐姐碰巧有张票，并且因为和安排有冲突去不了。   13. W: Hello, my bathroom drain is blocked and I’m giving a party tonight. Do you think you could come and fix it for me? M: Sorry, ma’am. I’m pretty busy right now. But I can put you on my list. Q: What does the man mean? 【答案】A) He has to do other repairs first. 【解析】此题为推理题。从对话可知，女子请男子帮忙修浴室的地漏，但是男子现在忙，不过他会记录下。   14. W: We’re taking up a collection to buy a gift for Gemma. She’ll have been with the company 25 years next week. M: Well, count me in. But I’m a bit short on cash now. When do you need it? Q: What is the man going to do? 【答案】C) Give his contribution some time later. 【解析】此题为推理题。从对话中可知，下周Gemma在公司的时间就满25年了，大家正在凑钱买礼物。男子也要加入，但是手头缺少现金。从他的询问可见他会晚点交钱。   15. W: Tony’s mother has invited me to dinner. Do you think I should tell her in advance that I’m a vegetarian? M: Of course. I think she’d appreciate it. Imaging how you both feel if she fixed the turkey dinner or something. Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? 【答案】D) Tell Tony’s mother that she eats no meat. 【解析】此题为推理题。Tony的妈妈邀请女子吃饭，女子询问男子是不是应该提前告知自己是素食主义者。从男子的“I think she’d appreciate it”可知，男子给了他肯定的回答。   16. M: Just look at this newspaper, nothing but robberies, suicide and murder. Do you still believe people are basically good? W: Of course. But many papers lack interest in reporting something positive like peace, love and generosity. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 【答案】B) The coverage of newspapers. 【解析】此题为推理题。从关键词newspapers，robberies等可知，男子认为报纸上涉及的都是抢劫、自杀等内容，可见两人正在谈论报纸的内容。   17. M: I can’t believe so many people want to sign up for the Korea Development Conference. We will have to limit the registration. W: Yeah, otherwise we won’t have room for the more. Q: What are the speakers going to do? 【答案】C) Limit the number of participants in the conference. 【解析】此题为细节题。男子没有想到那么多人来参加会议，所以必须限制人们注册，从女子对其的肯定回答也可进一步肯定他们要限制参与人数。   18. W: Hi, I’m calling about the ad for the one bedroom apartment. M: Perfect timing! The person who was supposed to rent it just backed town to take a room on campus. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 【答案】A) The apartment is still available. 【解析】此题为推理题。从对话可知，男子告诉女子她打电话来的时机正好，因为本来要租房子的人回到城镇去租大学的房间了，所以女子还能够租广告上的公寓。   Conversation 1 W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier. M: So how did he do it exactly? W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish. M: Sounds terribly complicated. W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light. M: So did it work? W: Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100 % success rate.   Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q19. What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment? Q20. What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw a steady light? Q21. How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?   答案： 19. D) to see if dolphins can communicate with each other. 20. A) Press the right-hand lever first. 21. C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.   【解析】 这篇长对话主要围绕巴斯蒂安博士关于海豚的实验而展开，实验的目的是要教会海豚学会互相沟通和交流讯息。随着男士对实验的发问，女士便对实验的两个阶段进行了详细介绍。这篇长对话整体难度适中，考生只要在平时注意练习和打好词汇基础，想要得满分并不难。需要提醒考生的是，做听力题也要讲究技巧，一定要带着问题去有目的地听，相关的信息着重记忆，不相干的信息迅速忽略。懂得抓题眼和懂得取舍，这样听力才能做得好。 重点词汇和表达： lever  n.杠(杆)；途径，工具 in reverse order 以相反的顺序 be rewarded with 得到奖励 flashing light 闪光灯   Conversation 2 W: This week’s program Up Your Street takes you to Harrogate, a small town in Yorkshire. Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters. Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to. Its clean air, attractive parks, and the absence of any industry, make this an ideal spot for people looking for a quiet life. Now, to tell us more about Harrogate, I have with me Tom Percival, President of the Chamber of Commerce. Tom, one of the things visitor notices about Harrogate is the large area of open park land right down into the middle of the town. Can you tell us more about it?   M: Yes, certainly. The area is called the Stray. W: Why the Stray? M: It’s called that because in the old days, people let their cattle stray on the area, which was common land. W: Oh, I see. M: Then, we’ve changes in farming and in land ownership. The Stray became part of the land owned by Harrogate. W: And is it protected? M: Oh, yes, indeed. As a special law, no one can build anything on the stray. It’s protected forever. W: So it will always be park land? M: That’s right. As you can see, some of the Stray is used for sports fields. W: I believe it looks lovely in the spring. M: Yes, it does. There’re spring flowers on the old trees, and people visit the town just to see the flowers.    Question 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q22. Where does this conversation most probably take place? Q23. What do we learn about modern Harrogate? Q24. What does the man say about the area called the Stray? Q25. What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?   答案： 22. B) In a resort town. 23. D) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. 24. D) It is protected as parkland by a special law. 25. C) The beautiful flowers.   【解析】 这段长对话是对Harrogate这个旅游小镇的介绍，谈到其如何得名，如何变迁，以及如何受到政府的保护。由此可见，这段对话最有可能发生在一个旅游城镇。这段对话稍微难一点的地方在于几个单词，一个是地名Harrogate，另一个是Stray，以及头衔President of the Chamber of Commerce。解决这些难点也很容易，因为Harrogate这个地名和头衔不是考察点，考生可直接忽略。另外关于Stray，考生开始不懂没关系，要带着这个疑问去注意听原文，对话中随后就给出了明确解释，所以考生也会获得解答。   需要提醒考生的是，虽然考试中我们可以忽略一些人名，地名或者无关紧要的细节，这也是为了一时的应试而迫不得已。在平时练习中，还是建议广大考生多积累这些人文及百科知识，包括一些人名和地名。积累的多了，以后在任何场合听起来就不会犯难了。   Section B   Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.   Passage One   Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect. In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms, he found that black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate — even if the roommate’s test scores were low. The roommate’s race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students. Perhaps, the study speculated, having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.   That same study found that randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.   Because interracial roommate relationships are often problematic, Dr. Fazio said, many students would like to move out, but university housing policies may make it hard to leave.   “At Indiana University, where housing was not so tight, more interracial roommates split up,” he said. “Here at Ohio State, where housing was tight, they were told to work it out. The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes.”   Dr. Fazio’s Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. The interracial roommates spent less time together, and had fewer joint activities than the white pairs.   Question 26-29 26. What do we know about Russell Fazio ? 27. Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio’s study? 28. What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University? 29. What did Dr. Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for 10 weeks?   答案： 26, C. He specialized in interpersonal relationship. 27. D. Black freshman with high standardized scores 28, C. They broke up more often than same-race roommates 29, C. The racial attitudes improved.   【解析】：本文节选自2009年7月的《纽约时报》，原文标题为Interracial Roommates Can Reduce Prejudice。文章属于社会类话题，大意为俄亥俄州立大学的一位名为Russell Fazio的心理学教授研究不同人种混居的有趣现象以及结论。无独有偶，2011年6月四级真题阅读理解Section B的Passage 1也选用了相同的话题，大家平时在备考中要对真题重视起来哦！   Passage two In a small laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat. A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr. Mironov, is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering 'cultured' meat. It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way. “Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands”, Mironov told Reuters in an interview, “but in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand.” The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it, the National Institutes of Health won't fund it, and the NASA funded it only briefly, Mironov said. "It's classic disruptive technology," Mironov said. "Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million." Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs. "There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab. They don't like to associate technology with food," said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology. "But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said. 30. What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat? 31. What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research? 32. What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?   答案： 30, A. It will help solve the global food crisis. 31, D. It is still far from being sufficient. 32, D. They are not as natural as we believed.   【解析】 这是路透社2011年初的一篇报道，题目为“South Carolina scientist works to grow meat in lab”。本文为食品科技类题材。大意为生物工程技术应用在实验室生产肉，可改变传统肉类获得方式，解决将来的食物危机，不过还需资金支持，同时人们还难以完全接受这种方式。   Passage three 　Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson's trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who has attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes. Jackson was similar in appearance to the guilty man. The two women has made a mistake in identity. As a result, Jackson has lost five years of his life. 　The two women in this case were eyewitnesses. They clearly saw the man who attacked them, yet they mistakenly identified an innocent person. Similar incidents have occurred before. Eyewitnesses to other crimes have identified the wrong person in a police lineup or in photographs. 　Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs or similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness's decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.   Question 33: What do we learn about Bernard Jackson? Question 34: What led directly to Jackson’s sentence? Question 35: What lesson do we learn from Jackson’s case?   答案： 33, A. He was wrongly imprisoned 34, A. The two victims’ identification 35, B. Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.   【解析】     本篇文章讲述了Jackson因为被目击证人误认而被判刑，虽然最后洗清了罪名，但是却留下了惨痛的记忆。文章接着论述了为什么会出现这样的问题。可能是因为被害者对犯罪嫌疑人产生的混淆的记忆，或者在指认犯罪嫌疑人的过程中出现了不确定的情况。     虽然总体来说这篇文章难度不大，但是因为涉及专业知识，有一些词汇可能会成为考生的障碍。例如：testimony: 证人证言；witness: 目击证人；jury: 陪审团；sentence :刑期。如果考生平时能对这些单词有所接触，这篇文章在理解上就不会出现太大的问题。   Section C   Directions: