综合英语.pdf

第 1 页 共 18 页 2011 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 2011 年攻读浙江财经学院硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语科目代码：681 科目名称：综合英语 答案请写答题纸上 答案请写答题纸上 Part I READING COMPREHENSION(50 MIN,50points)In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of 25 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and finish the multiple choices.Text A Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform,some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry,but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland(the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods).Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city.Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region,whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location.Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city.If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland,its development is much more likely to continue.Chicago,for example,possesses an almost unparalleled situation:it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity,and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes.It also overlooks what is one of the worlds finest large farming regions.These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site,such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity.Similarly,it can be argued that much of New York Citys importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation.Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New Yorks location at the western end of one of the worlds most important oceanic trade mutes,but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection(the Hudson-Mohawk lowland)to the vast Midwestern hinterland.This account does not alone explain New Yorks primacy,but it does include several important factors.Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not,original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable.Of course,such characteristic as slope,drainage,power resources,river crossings,coastal shapes,and other physical characteristics help to determine city location,but such factors are normally more significant in 第 2 页 共 18 页 early stages of city development than later.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The development of trade mutes through United States cities.B.Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States.C.Historical differences among three large United States cities.D.The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities.2.The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a citys soil type of its _.A.hinterland B.situation C.site D.function 3.According to the passage,a citys situation is more important than its site in regard to the citys _.A.long-term growth and prosperity B.ability to protect its citizenry C.possession of favorable weather conditions D.need to import food supplies 4.The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicagos location EXCEPT its _.A.hinterland B.nearness to a large lake C.position in regard to transport routes D.flat terrain 5.The primary purpose of paragraph I is to _.A.summarize past research and introduce a new study B.describe a historical period C.emphasize the advantages of one theory over another D.define a term and illustrate it with an example Text B No people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child rearing,but what do fathers do?Much of what they contribute is simply being the second adult in the home.Bringing up children is demanding,stressful and exhausting.Two adults can support and make up for each others deficiencies and build on each others strength.As we all know,fathers also bring an array of unique qualities.Some are familiar:protector and role model.Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously 第 3 页 共 18 页 prone to trouble.The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier,but they must still learn from their fathers,in ways they cannot from their mothers,such as how to relate to men.They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust,intimacy and difference.They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives.Most important,through loving and being loved by their fathers,they learn that they are love-worthy.Current research gives much deeper and more surprising insight into the fathers role in child rearing.One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play.From their childrens birth through adolescence,fathers tend to emphasize game more than caretaking.The fathers style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting.With older children it involves more teamwork,requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills,and frequently resembles a teaching relationship:come on,let me show you how.Mothers play more at the childs level.They seem willing to let the child directly play.Kids,at least in the early years,seem to prefer to play with daddy.In one study of kids who were given a choice,more than two-thirds chose to play with their fathers.The way fathers play has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement.It is of particular importance in promoting self-control.According to one expert,“children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting,kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.”They learn when to“shut it down”.At play and in other realms,fathers tend to lay stress on competition,challenge,initiative,risk-taking and independence.Mothers,as caretakers,stress emotional security and personal safety.On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing ever higher,while mothers are cautious,worrying about an accident.We know,too,that fathers involvement seems to be linked to enhanced verbal and problem-solving skills and higher academic achievement.Several studies found that along with paternal strictness,the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters verbal ability.For sons the results have been equally striking.Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons.Other studies found relationship between paternal nurturing and boys verbal intelligence.6.The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _.A.husband and wife can share housework 第 4 页 共 18 页 B.two adults are always better than one C.the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized D.husband and wife can compensate for each others shortcomings 7.According to paragraph 3,one significant difference between the fathers and mothers role in child rearing is _.A.the style of play encouraged B.the amount of time available C.the strength of emotional ties D.the emphasis of intellectual development 8.Which of the following statements is true?A.Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers.B.Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring.C.Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers.D.Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence.9.Studies investigating fathers involvement on child rearing show that _.A.this improves kids mathematical and verbal abilities B.the more time spend with kids,the better they speak C.the more strict the fathers are,the cleverer the kids D.girls usually do better than boys academically 10.The writers main point in writing this article is _.A.to warn society of increasing social problems B.to focus the fathers role in the family C.to discuss the responsibilities of fathers D.to show sympathy for one-parent families Text C Behind the brewing war over protecting patients records in an age of HMOs and online medicine.Technology is a two-edged sword.Rarely is this as clear as it is in the realm of health care.Technology allows doctors to test their patients for generic defects-and then to turn around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet.For someone in need of treatment,thats good news.But for someone in search of a job or an insurance policy,the ridings can be all bad.Last week President Bill Clinton proposed a corollary to the patients bill of rights now before Congress:a right to medical privacy.Beginning in 2002,under rules set to become law in February,patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their personal medical data could be divulged.They would be able to examine their records and make corrections.They could learn who else had seen the information.Improper use of records by a caregiver or 第 5 页 共 18 页 insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties.The plan was,said Clinton,“an unprecedented step toward putting Americans back in control of their own medical records.”While the administration billed the rules as an attempt to strike a balance between the needs of consumers and those of the health-care industry,neither doctors nor insurance companies were happy.The doctors said the rides could actually erode privacy,pointing to a prevision allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was“health-care operations.”That,physicians said,was a loophole through which HMOs and other insurers could pry into the doctor-patient relationship,in the name of assessing the quality of care.Meanwhile,the insurers protested that the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches by“business partners”such as lawyers and accountants.Both groups agreed that privacy protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional$3.8 billion,and maybe much more,over the next five years.They also complained about the increased level of federal scrutiny required by the new rules enforcement provisions.One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality,thereby encouraging them to be open with their doctors.Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage.The fear is real:Clintons aides noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates found that one in six U.S.adults had at some time done something unusual to conceal medical information,such as paying cash for services.11.The author begins his article with“technology is a two-edged sword”to _.A.show that doctors improper use of technology can end up in bad results B.call on peoples attention to the potential danger technology can bring to us C.warn of the harm patients are prone to suffer D.show the advantages and disadvantages of technology 12.According to the proposal made by President Clinton,patients will be able to do the following EXCEPT _.A.enjoy more rights to their medical records B.be open with their doctors C.decide how to use their medical information D.sue their insurers for improper use of their medical records 13.Doctors tend to think that the rules _.A.may ruin doctor-patient relationship B.can do more harm than good 第 6 页 共 18 页 C.will prevent doctors from doing medical research D.will cod up in more health care cost and poorer medical service 14.The example of the January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates is used to show that _.A.American patients concealment of their medical information has become a big concern B.a large portion of patients would rather leave their diseases untreated C.concealing medical information is widespread in the U.S.D.paying cash for medical service is a common practice among American patients 15.From the article we can learn that _.A.American government will tighten its control over the use of patients personal information B.doctors and insurers are both against the rules for the same reasons C.patients are entitled to have complete control of their medical information D.the new rules put insurers in a very disadvantageous position Text D Telecommunication stands for devices and systems that transmit electronic or optical signals across long distances.Telecommunication enables people around the world to contact one another,to access information instantly,and to communicate from remote areas.Telecommunication usually involves a sender of information and one or more recipients linked by a technology,such as a telephone system,that transmits information from one place to another.Telecommunication enables people to sand and receive personal messages across town,between countries,and to and from outer space.It also provides the key medium for delivering news,data,information,and entertainment.Telecommunication devices convert different types of information,such as sound and video,into electronic or optical signals.Electronic signals typically travel along a medium such as copper wire or are carried over the air as radio waves.Optical signals typically travel along a medium such as strands of glass fibers.When a signal reaches its destination,the device on the receiving end converts the signal back into an understandable message,such as sound over a telephone,moving images on a television,or words and pictures on a computer screen.Telecommunication messages can be sent in a variety of ways and by a wide range of devices.The messages can be sent from one sender to a single receiver(point-to-point)or from one sender to many receivers(point-to-multipoint).第 7 页 共 18 页 Personal communications,such as a telephone conversation between two people or a facsimile(fax)message(see Facsimile Transmission),usually involve point-to-point transmission.Point-to-multipoint telecommunications,often called broadcasts,provide the basis for commercial radio and television programming.Telecommunications begin with messages that are converted into electronic or optical signals.Some signals,such as those that carry voice or music,are created in an analog or wave format,but may be converted into a digital or mathematical format for faster and more efficient transmission.The signals are then sent over a medium to a receiver,where they are decoded back into a form that the person receiving the message can understand.There are a variety of ways to create and decode signals,and many different ways to transmit signals.Individual people,businesses,and governments use many different types of telecommunication systems.Some systems,such as the telephone system,use a network of cables,wires,and switching stations for point-to-point communication.Other systems,such as radio and television,broadcast radio signals over the air that can be received by anyone who has a device to receive them.Some systems make use of several