基础英语.pdf

第 1 页 共 13 页广广 西西 民民 族族 大大 学学20172017 年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A 卷科目代码：622科目名称：基础英语考生须知考生须知1答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。2答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。3交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。一、Grammar,Vocabulary and General KnowledgeDirections:Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence.（每小题 1 分，共 40 小题，共 40 分）1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.They have enough time to finish the paper.B.Dad says the meat is not enough cooked.C.You are not old enough to buy alcohol.D.She plays well enough for a beginner.2.In“She felt sick from tiredness”,the italicized word is used to indicateA.comparison.B.purpose.C.cause.D.direction.3.Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A.I will buy you a present.B.Mom gave me a necklace.C.Im going to paint it pink.D.Tom is teaching children Japanese.4.Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills _ each year than automobile accidents.A.more seven times peopleB.seven times more peopleC.more people seven timesD.people seven times more5.Sorry Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.mightB.shouldC.mustntD.couldnt6.Mr.White,together with all his colleagues,_ for Europe this morning.A.are leavingB.leaveC.is leavingD.are to leave7.The new designed bedroom seems to be a great deal larger than _.A.it is necessaryB.being necessaryC.to be necessaryD.is necessary8.He was determined to sail around the world _ his illness and old age.A.givenB.althoughC.despiteD.in spite9.Mr.White has become bad-tempered since he indulges in Gambling.He is no longer theman _ used to be.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that10.You _ call your fathers name directly.Its impolite in China.A.oughtntB.mustntC.needntD.wouldnt11.It is not _ much his appearance I like as his personality.第 2 页 共 13 页A.asB.veryC.soD.that12.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if13.They did the experiment _ their chemistry teacher had instructed.A.asB.thoughC.untilD.when14.He was listening attentively in class,his eyes _ on the blackboard.A.fixingB.fixedC.are fixingD.are fixed15.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.thatB.thisC.youD.it16.Mary was _to tears by their criticism.A.sunkB.reducedC.forcedD.declined17.The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the _ of theroad.A.clayB.dirtC.mudD.soil18.These magnificent _ buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboringpeople.A.antiqueB.ancientC.primitiveD.remote19.I dont remember meeting him,but the name John Smith rings a bell.The underlined partmeans _.A.is omittedB.is warnedC.is appearingD.is familiar20.These goods are _ for export,though a few of them may be sold on the homemarket.A.essentiallyB.completelyC.necessarilyD.remarkably21.Food will _ if the temperature in your freezer rises above 8.A.decayB.rotC.spoilD.corrupt22.The small company isnt _ of handling an order that large.A.ableB.capableC.competentD.qualified23.Sometimes its good to stop for a while to think about the past and _ the future.A.contaminateB.contemplateC.consolidateD.contradict24.School fees,illness,house repairs and other _ have reduced his bank balance to almostnothing.A.paymentB.amountC.figuresD.expenses25.Many people,including college students of all ages,spend little time in _ of physicalfitness.A.searchB.viewC.lightD.pursuit26.Theres no denying that as we age _,our body ages right along with us.A.chronologicallyB.significantlyC.deceptivelyD.deliberately27.We made an effort not to leave my friend out in the cold when we were planning thebirthday party.The underlined part means _.A.embarrassB.humiliateC.ignoreD.exhaust28.The company has to make its accounts and operations as _ as possible.A.distinctB.evidentC.explicitD.transparent29.His ability to absorb information was astonishing,but his concentration _ was short.A.gapB.intervalC.spanD.distance第 3 页 共 13 页30.She is generally _ as one of the best modern poets.A.classedB.gradedC.rankedD.rated31._ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A.The Glorious RevolutionB.The English ReformationC.The RenaissanceD.The English Civil War32.In the US,the largest city along the Pacific Coast is _A.San FranciscoB.Los Angeles.C.Seattle.D.Chicago.33.In Faulkners The Sound and the Fury,he used the technique of _,in which the wholestory was told through the thoughts of a character.A.imagismB.stream of consciousnessC.naturalismD.symbolism34.Percy Bysshe Shelley did not write _A.Song of Myself.B.Prometheus Unbound.C.Ode to the West Wind.D.Queen Mab.35._ is not a modernist novelist of Britain.A.James JoyceB.Virginia WoolfC.D.H.LawrenceD.Henry James36._ is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of affixes,such as number,person,finiteness,aspect and case,which dont change the grammaticalclass of the stems to which they are attached.A.Word formationB.InflectionC.CompoundD.Derivation37.One way to analyze lexical meaning isA.predication analysis.B.stylistic analysis.C.componential analysis.D.proposition analysis.38._ is NOT the characteristic of conversational implicature.A.CalculabilityB.CancellabilityC.DetachabilityD.Non-conventionality39.Asound pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating is said to be _ sound.A.voicelessB.voicedC.consonantD.resonant40.Which function is the major role of language?A.Informative.B.Interpersonal.C.Performative.D.Emotive.二、ClozeDirections:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are fourchoices marked A，B，C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into thepassage.（每小题 1 分，共 20 小题，共 20 分）According to BTs futurologist,Ian Pearson,these are among the developments scheduledfor the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1,000 years),whensupercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.Pearson has _1_ together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world toproduce a _2_ millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we canexpect hundreds of key _3_ and discoveries to take place.Some of the biggestdevelopments will be in medicine,including an _4_ life expectancy and dozens of artificialorgans _5_ into use between now and 2040.第 4 页 共 13 页Pearson also _6_ a breakthrough in computer human links.“By linking _7_ to ournervous system,computers could pick up _8_ we feel and,hopefully,simulate _9_ too sothat we can start to _10_ full sensory environments,rather like the holidays in Total Recallor the Star Trek holodeck,”he says.But that,Pearson points _11_,is only the start of man-machine _12_:“It will be thebeginning of the long process of integration that will _13_ lead to a fully electronic humanbefore the end of the next century.”_14_ his research,Pearson is able to put dates to mostof the breakthroughs that can be predicted.However,there are still no _15_ for whenfaster-than-light travel will be _16_,or when human cloning will be perfected,or whentime travel will be possible.But he does _17_ social problems as a result of technological advances.A boom inneighborhood surveillance cameras will,for example,_18_ problems in 2010,while thearrival of synthetic _19_ robots will mean people may not be able to _20_ between theirhuman friends and the droids.And home appliances will also become so smart thatcontrolling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychologicaldisorder-kitchen rage.1.AtakenBpiecedCkeptDmade2.AcomplicatedBdelicateCsubtleDunique3.AbreakthroughsBfindingsCeventsDincidents4.AexpandedBextendedCenlargedDenriched5.AbeingBbecomingCcarryingDcoming6.AschedulesBplansCpredictsDdesigns7.AdirectlyBinstantlyCpreciselyDautomatically8.AthatBhowCwhatDall9.AthinkingBhearingCsightDfeeling10.AformBdevelopCfindDundertake11.AoutBatCtoDtoward12.AprogramBproductionCexperimentDintegration13.AfinallyBultimatelyCutterlyDabsolutely14.AThroughBThoughCDuringDBy15.AforecastsBarticlesCstoriesDmeetings16.AadvisableBaffordableCavailableDvaluable17.AsolveBaroseCexerciseDexpect18.AconfrontBcauseCwitnessDcollect19.AlovelyBlikelyClifelikeDlively20.AdistinguishBdifferCdiagnoseDdeviate三、Reading Comprehension（选择题每小题 1 分，共 10 小题；填空题每小题 1 分，共8 小题；简答题每小题 2 分，共 11 小题；共 40 分）PASSAGE ONEThe Work-Life BalanceThis month the TUC is campaigning against,what it calls,Britains long hours culture.But do the British actually work too long?And if we do,is it doing us,or society at large,any第 5 页 共 13 页harm?Over the past 150 years working hours across the developed world have been falling.Inthe mid-nineteenth century men in Britain,in paid employment,worked for at least 55 hoursper week.Hours worked then began a steady drop-the rise of trade unionism is oneexplanation,but then,after the First World War they plateaued.From 1951 onwards theydropped again but this fall was brought to a sudden halt in 1981 with the onset of thederegulatory economic policies of the Thatcher years.Working hours reached a high in 1997when the UK average number of hours worked hit 45.8 per week,falling to 44.3 hours perweek in 2004.The main reason for this recent decline has been the impact of EUs Working TimeDirective which stipulated that no one could work more than 48 hours in a week,unlessspecial exemption had been jointly applied for by both employers and employees.Nonetheless,in European terms,we are still doing badly in terms of hours worked-Britishworkers are at the top,or bottom,of the hours charts,depending on your point of view.In2004 British workers put in almost two and a half hours more per week than the averageEuropean worker-although that was an improvement on 2001 when the gap was three and aquarter hours.In terms of actual hours worked,for those fortunate enough to be living and working inthe Netherlands the average was just 38.8 hours a week,whilst for those unfortunate enoughto be working in Britain,the average was 43.5 hours.Workers in our closest Europeancompetitors,France and Germany,worked 38.9 hours and 39.6 hours per week respectively.And yet,according to research both French and German workers are around 20%moreproductive than their British counterparts.And we do equally badly when it comes to holidays.The European average for annual paid leave is 26.5 days per year-again the UK is near thebottom of the league with an average of 24.5 days of annual leave.However,these raw figures dont tell the whole story.During the 1980s and 1990s it wasfashionable to predict that the revolution in work had begun.Business gurus wereforecasting that the then current work norm,in which the majority of the workforce were infull-time employment at places of work away from home would give way to the majorityhaving portfolios of part-time,temporary jobs,with many working either from home or frommobile office environments.This would result in a blurring between work and home,leisure,and employment-thus concerns about hours worked would become little more than ofhistorical interest.This view is backed up by Michael Moynagh in Working in the Twenty-First Century.After examining trends in working time over the past twenty years,and casting their findingsforward,they conclude:On balance it is likely that contracted working time will continue todrop,if slowly and intermittently.According to the research project The Future of Work led by Professor Peter Nolan ofLeeds University,the notion that the nature of work is changing radically is systematicallydemolished.Based on a nationwide survey of employees Professor Nolan reports that the project foundthat,contrary to this conventional wisdom,the end of work scenario had not come to pass.In fact the 1990s had seen a growth,not a contraction,in the proportion of employees infull-time permanent jobs.In 2000,92%of workers were in permanent work compared with第 6 页 共 13 页88%eight years earlier.And in 2000 only 5.5%said they were working on a temporarycontract,compared with 7.2%in 1992.Such startling figures do not suggest Britain israpidly developing a more flexible labour market when measured by the extent ofemployment stability.Indeed,the permanent job remains very much the overwhelming normand this is true across every occupational category.Nor was the notion of going to work in decline.The researchers found that most peoplestill leave their homes for paid employment,only 3%of employees said they worked partly athome and a further 1.1%said they worked solely or mainly at home.Thus,arguments about working time are still very central to debates about the nature ofthe work experience.The Future of Work survey found that dissatisfaction with the hours thatpeople were having to work had increased dramatically.In 1992 35%of men were satisfiedwith their hours,by 2000 this had fallen to 20%;the decline among women employees waseven sharper,down from 51%in 1992 to 29%in 2000.And this decline was,in terms ofsocial class,across the board.Professor Jonathan Gershuny is an expert on the work-life balance.He paid particularattention,not just to paid work but to two related issues-womens unpaid work and leisuretime.Gershuny notes how leisure time itself has become increasingly congested as peoplehave less and less time to consume more and more leisure.He quotes from Americansociologist Steffan Linder,who noted that as part and parcel of their success the harriedexecutive might buy themselves a yacht;and yet the time they make available to enjoy theirleisure activities diminishes the more successful they become.Gershuny paints a picture ofthe harried executive having to plan their leisure time almost as rigorously as they plan theirworking day.He also casts his eye over the unpaid work that is mainly done by women in the home.Henotes how,despite the spread of labour-saving devices,the time women spend on domesticchores had not reduced,if anything it had gone up.This is because,as domestic work hasbecome easier so standards have risen-rooms that were swept once a week are now sweptonce a day and meals that were cooked simply to be nourishing now had to be interesting aswell.Gershuny reports that women on average spend 45-hours a week on unpaid domesticwork;but where they had a full-time job this time went down to 22 hours a week.For men,his research showed that irrespective of whether or not they were in full-time work they spentan underwhelming 30 minutes a day on domestic chores.No doubt many of those same menwould privately applaud the sentiments expressed in a Japanese research report that concluded:Housewives by nature enjoy doing housework.For housewives,it is difficult to distinguishbetween housework and leisure.Then again,perhaps not,as times have moved on somewhat.Questions 1-4Choose the best answer.1.Which statement best describes the change of British working hours?A.Over the past 150 years,British working hours fluctuated by as long as 10 hours.B.British workers worked 3 hours longer every week than their European counterparts in2001.C.British workers worked longer than French and German workers with higherproductivity.第 7 页 共