4.11全国教招英语词法2+%281%29.pdf

20202020年全国教招考试年全国教招考试英语学科英语学科 主主 讲：王讲：王 煜煜 粉笔教师教育3代 词三、指示代词的用法三、指示代词的用法四、固定结构四、固定结构一、代词的分类一、代词的分类二、不定代词的辨析二、不定代词的辨析分类单词人称代词主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they 宾格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词形容词性：my,your,his,her,its,our,their 名词性：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little复合不定代词some,any,every,no 都能和 one,body,thing 一起构成复合 不定代词一、代词的分类（8类）二、不定代词的用法比较考点1one,some 与 any onep 用于泛指，表示“一个人”，“人们”。One should learn to think of others.p 用于特指，表示具体的一个人或者事物 The dog is the one you are interested in.p 代指前文提到的可数名词，其对应的复数形式是ones。This problem is harder than that one.(代指单数可数)These problems are harder than those ones.(代指复数)someu 多用于肯定句中：I have some questions.用于疑问句中，表示期望得到肯定答复，或表建议请求。Would you like some coffee or tea?u 可修饰可数名词单数，表示“某个”I have read this article in some magazine.u和数词连用，表示“大约”=about There are some 3,000 students in this room.anyu 多用于疑问句和否定句Do you have any bookmarks?No.I dont have any bookmarks.u 可修饰可数名词单数/不可数名词，表示“任何”Any child who breaks the rules will be punished.Any time you miss me,just call me.u 与比较级连用，表示程度。Do you feel any better today.考点2 each everyeach两个或两个以上强调个别可以单独做主语Each ofevery三者或者三者以上强调整体不可以单独做主语Every+n+of_side of the street is full of trees and flowers.The police are standing at _side of the square.Today is Childrens day.Each of us can get a present.Each(of us)has a dictionary.We each have a dictionary.Today is Childrens day.Every child can get a present.1.Could you offer me _ juice,sir?Im really sorry.I havent got_ now.A.any;any B.some;any C.some;some D.any;some2._ofourbiscuitsisindividuallywrapped（包裹；覆盖）.A.EachB.EveryC.AllD.Both小试牛刀考点 3 no,no one,nobody,nonelno=not any，作定语:There is no water in the bottle.lno one=nobody，两者均只指人不指物，其后通常不接of短语，作主语时谓语用单数:No one/Nobody likes it.指代（代指）可数/不可数提问of结构no one指人可数who不可跟ofnone人+物两者皆可How much/many可跟of No one likes him.None of the students are(is)afraid of difficulties.How much water is there in the bottle?None.回顾总结小试牛刀1._ of the reasons was true.A.None B.No one C.Nothing D.All2.How many students are there in the classroom?_.They are all in the lab.A.Some B.None C.All D.Neither考点 4 another,other,the other,thers,the others泛指特指单数another(三者以上)the other（前提是二）复数othersother+名词复数/UNthe others（前提是二）I dont like this shirt,please show me another.Some students like football,while others(=)like basketball.I spend half of my holiday practicing English and the other half learning drawing.Two boys will go to the zoo and the others will stay at home.泛指特指单数复数1.Shehastwosons,_isateacher,_isanengineer.A.one,theother B.one,anotherC.another,another D.one,other2.Pleasegiveme_chance.A.other B.theotherC.another D.theothers3.Thisisnottheonlyanswertothe question.Thereare_.A.theothers B.othersC.another D.theother小试牛刀考点 5 both,all,either,any,neither,none 都任何都不两者botheitherneither三者（以上）allanynone部分否定：both、all全部否定：neither、none Both of my parents are teachers.There are trees on either side of the street.None of us have/has seen him.不是所有的书都用英文写的。All of the books are not written in English.=Not all of the books are written in English.我俩不都是老师。Both of us are not teachers.=Not both of us are teachers.我俩都不是老师。Neither of us is a teacher.部分否定：both、all全部否定：neither、none回忆小试牛刀1.Which of the two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didnt like _.A.both of them B.either of them C.none of them D.neither of them 2.There are so many beauties here.Which one do like?Sorry._.A.Both B.AllC.Neither D.None三、指示代词用法比较考点 1 that thosethat those常用语比较结构，代替前面提到的名词（those是that复数形式）The weather of Beijing is cooler than the weather of Hainan.The weather of Beijing is cooler than that of Hainan.His handwriting is like that of a much younger child.those:主要用于替代复数名词，表特指 The ducks in Beijing is fatter than the ducks in Hainan.The ducks in Beijing is fatter than those in Hainan.Studying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.考点 2 such such 用法用法usuch修饰单数名词时，放于不定冠词a(an)之前，若名词前有one，no，any，some，all,many等修饰时，such放在这些修饰词之后。Hes such a man.One such table is enough.There is no such thing.u such.as 与 such.that（句法）1.Im moving to the country because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.A.ones B.one C.that D.those2.The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A.that B.these C.those D.it小试牛刀考点 3 it it 的用法的用法用法举例1.代替上文提到的一件事物My book is missing.I cant find it anywhere.2.代替指示代词 this,that-Whats this?-Its a car.3.指代时间、季节It often rains in spring here.4.指代气候、天气、温度、自然环境等In Britain it is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.5.指代距离Its four kilometers from my home to the farm.6.指代不明性别的婴儿-Whos the baby in the photo?-Its me.7.指代远处的人或者敲门者 等不能确定对方身份的人Open the door,please.It may be the police.8.作形式主语Its not easy to get him to change his mind.9.作形式宾语She found it difficult to get along with him.10.用于强调结构It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.11.某些及物动词（like,love,enjoy,prefer,hate,appreciate 等）之后Id appreciate it if you could drop in tonight.考点 4 it,it,that,one,so that,one,so 用法比较用法比较 it,that it,thatit 特指上文提到的同一事物that常用于比较结构，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。（复数形式为those）I bought a car yesterday,but it is broken today.(同名同物)My car I bought yesterday is much better than that you bought.（同名异物）The weather of Beijing is cooler than that of Hainan.one:one:泛指上下文提到同类事物中的一个，用于代替可数名词（同类而不同物）I dont like the car you bought yesterday,so I want to buy another one.Who has a pen?I have one.Can you show me a better one?特指the one或theadjone;下文表复数theadjones 或 the ones If youre not the one,then why does my soul feel glad today?如果你不是我爱的那个人，为何今天我的灵魂会雀跃?adj，the,this,that,which,each,every,any+one.但一般不能直接在其前加物主代词I dont like this blue cat,Id like the red one.She locked her old ones in the box.so so 的用法的用法 so做代词常用来代替上文出现过的内容。【例1】It has many omissions（差错，遗漏）,even so(=even it has many omissions),it is quite a useful machine.【例2】You dont love me anymore,even so,I still want to take care of you.动词否定式+so 或直接用not代替。-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-I dont believe so/I believe not.think，expect，suppose，imagine,guess,believe,hope知识梳理it:thatoneso知识梳理it:特指上文提到的同一对象（同名同物）that：常用于比较结构，代替上文提到的名词，避免重复。（those）one:泛指上文提到同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。so：做代词常用来代替上文出现过的内容小试牛刀1.The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan.A.that B.this C.it D.one 2.The box is in the middle of the room.Move _ away.A.it B.one C./D.this3.I have lost my pen.I have to buy _.A.one B.it C./D.that nothing less than 不亚于，完全的It was nothing less than a miracle.nothing more than 仅仅，不过是He is nothing more than a dreamer.anything but 根本不是，一点不是I have anything but money.nothing but 仅仅，只I have nothing but money.all but:几乎，差不多 He was all but bankrupt and couldnt help us四、固定结构小试牛刀1.To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against _.A.another B.the other C.other D.either2.There are many choices to make in life but_of them is more important than what goes on in your heart.A.neither B.nothing C.none D.no one3.The unemployment rate has continued to drop in this city thanks to the efforts of the local government to control _.A.one B.it C.that D.those知识链接努力奋斗努力奋斗成功上岸成功上岸4形容词、副词一、形容词一、形容词二、副词二、副词三、形容词和副词的比较等级三、形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词1.形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：修饰 some,any,every,no 和 body,thing,one 等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent,everything possible 以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only 修饰的名词之后the best book availablethe only solution possible alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep 等可以后置the only person awake限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老颜色国籍和材料，作用类别往后靠 记忆口诀：县官叔叔美小圆，旧黄法国木书房2.形容词的排序 记忆口诀：县官叔叔美小圆，旧黄法国木书房 a old beautiful stone bridge小试牛刀1.It was a _song.A.lovely old French B.French lovely oldC.old lovely French D.lovely French old2._table stood on _hall carpet.A.A small old beautiful;the green woolen Chinese B.Small beautiful old a;Chinese green woolen the C.A beautiful small old;the woolen Chinese green D.A beautiful small old;the green Chinese woolen 记忆口诀：县官叔叔美小圆，旧黄法国木书房构成例子构成例子形容词+名词+edkind-hearted名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-loving形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking名词+过去分词snow-covered副词+现在分词hard-working数词+名词edthree-legged副词+过去分词newly-built数词+名词twenty-year(二二)复合形容词的构成复合形容词的构成ed 形容词-人做主语-强调人的感受-“感到.”I am interested in your hair style.-ing形容词-强调物给人的感受-“令人.”Her hair style is very interesting.(三三)ed)ed 形容词和形容词和-ing-ing 形容词的用法形容词的用法分类例子分类例子时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never,sometimes地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副词almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather关系副词when,where,why二、副 词含意：fairlyquiterathervery