2020考研真相2013-2019解析分册01.pdf

太阳城考研1号】32020全新版深度创新考研英语（一）真题细读经典考研真相精编版考前冲刺版2013-2019微信公众号【最强考研考研人逐词逐句精解基础薄弱专用考研英语命题研究组编基础薄弱者写作逆袭宝典2019全新考研英语（一）写作12次命中真题基础不好=作文不能得高分？写作F0篇写作160篇No!你需要一本写作逆袭宝典！基础薄弱专用可考话题大全补基础，练话题系统夯实写作基础全面熟悉可考话题“学渣”也能写出考场佳作！宝典必杀技系统夯实写作基础800个写作高分词汇+5大英语基础句型+6大考研经典模板3大思路突破定律+30条语言突破黄金法则语句段篇层层推进，一步步带你夯实基础！微信公全面熟悉可考话题最强考研】考研30篇真题背诵范文+40篇重点预测范文+90篇快速浏览范文层层圈定重点话题，一篇篇助你冲刺高分！购买途径微课获取淘宝扫一扫微信扫一扫正版图书放心购！考研微课免费试听！2013年考研英语（一）真题逐词逐句逐题细解总体特征1.纵观近几年试题，2009、2010年试题偏难，2011、2012年试题难度较之前有所降低，2013年研究生考试英语（一）试题基本沿袭了2011年和2012年的风格，难度稳定，试题各部分也严格按照大纲要求进行命制。2.英语知识运用部分中的词义辨析仍是重点，掌握大纲中的重点实词，熟悉常见的介词、连词及短语的用法是此部分拿高分的关键。3.阅读理解A部分的4篇阅读跟去年的4篇相比，难度大体相当，细节题偏多。对于主旨要义题和观点态度题，需要对全文的主题进行宏观的把握才能提高做题的正确率。4.阅读理解B部分考查的题型与去年的7选5一致，这进一步说明了7选5仍是考研阅读新题型考查的重点。另外，跟去年一样，需要填空的内容大部分位于段落内部，解题时，考生一方面需理解段落大意和段中各句的逻辑关系，另一方面又要注意段落间承上启下的衔接关系。5.翻译题仍然是考研题目中难度最大的题型，句子结构关系复杂，内容抽象，较去年难度稍有增加。6.应用文沿袭了去年的电子邮件写作，但今年要求用电子邮件写一封邀请信，难度比去年有所增加。话题写作属于人生哲理类议论文，入题容易，可以从“坚持”和“尽早选择”等角度发挥。Section I Use of English命题情况今年的英语知识运用部分，源于英国杂志 The Economist(经济学人)中一篇名为“Psychology:A Question ofJudgment”的文章(2012年6月16日)。文章难度及题目难度与往年持平，考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的把握能力以及对词汇的理解和辨析能力。其中词义辨析题约占到了题目总数的75%，逻辑关系题约占25%，可见词义辨析仍是考查的重点。该题型要取得高分，就要提高对文章的宏观把握能力和逻辑关系分析能力，特别是要善于理解句与句之间的并列、转折、递进、因果、对比、条件等关系。把握文章段与段之间的总分、并列、递进、分总、归纳、演绎等关系对提高答题正确率也有至关重要的作用。作为考研英语试题中难度较大的题型，它能够考查考生的英语综合能力，要在这部分有所突破，就需要考生平时多下功夫，打好基础。篇章结构人们在做决策时很少考虑背景信息(12句)第一段：不考虑大局会导致决定带有偏见，西蒙逊认为不考虑大局会导致决定带有偏见(3句)外因对决策的影响举例论证西蒙逊的观点(4句)第二段：西蒙逊将研究对象转向大学录取过程第二至四段：实验论证第三段：西蒙逊对MBA录取过程的具体实验研究第四段：实验证明要消除申请者面试分数的微小差距所带来的影响，申请者要在GMAT中多考30分1.英汉对照及答案标识1People are,on the whole,poor at considering back-总体来看，当做个人决策时，人们并不擅ground information when making individual decisions.At长考虑背景信息。乍一看，这好像是一种优势，first glance this might seem like a strength that(1)grants the它(1)赋予了人们在不受(2)外界因素影响的ability to make judgments which are unbiased by(2)externalfactors.But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to情况下做出公正判断的能力。但尤里西蒙逊consider the big(3)picture was leading decision-makers to be博士推测，不考虑大(3)局会导致决策者受日biased by the daily samples of information they were working常接触信息的影响，从而做出带有偏见的决定。with.4(4)For example,he theorised that a judge(5)fearful(4)例如，他创建的理论认为：一名(5)担心of appearing too soft(6)on crime might be more likely to(6)在罪行面前表现得太心慈手软的法官，send someone to prison(7)if he had already sentenced five or(7)如果一天当中已经宣判其他五、六名被告six other defendants only to forced community service on人执行强制性的社区服务，那么他就极有可能that day.把某个人送进监狱。1To(8)test this idea,he turned to the university-为了(8)检验这一观点，他转向研究大学admissions process.In theory,the(9)success of an applicant录取过程。理论上讲，申请者的(9)成功不应should not depend on the few others(10)chosen randomly for取决于当天随机(10)抽选参加面试的其他几interview during the same day,but Dr.Simonsohn suspected名申请者,但是,西蒙逊博士怀疑事实(11)并the truth was(11)otherwise.非如此。1He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews(12)conducted by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers他研究了由31名面试官(12)进行的had(13)rated applicants on a scale of one to five.3This scale9323场MBA面试结果。面试官按照1-5的(14)took numerous factors into consideration.4 The scores等级为申请者(13)评级。这个评分等级were(15)then used in conjunction with an applicants score on(14)考虑了很多因素。这些分数(15)随后和the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,a stan-GMAT(管理学研究生入学考试，以800分为dardised exam which is(16)marked out of 800 points,to make满分进行(16)打分的标准化考试)的分数共a decision on whether to accept him or her.同决定是否录取申请者。1Dr.Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candi-西蒙逊博士发现,同一天内,如果在一系列date in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more被面试者中,其中一位的分数比(17)前一位高出higher than that of the one(17)before that,then the score for0.75分或更多，那么下一位被面试者的分数就会the next applicant would(18)drop by an average of 0.075平均(18)减少0.075分。也许这听起来微乎其points.2This might sound small,but to(19)undo the effects微，但是要(19)消除降分所带来的影响，被面试微信of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT者则要在GMAT中多考30分，而这本是不points than would otherwise have been(20)necessary.(20)必要的。考研人的精神家！第一段IPeople are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.总体来看，当做个人决策时，人们并不擅长考虑背景信息。【句子讲解】本句是一个复合句。主句的结构是“主语(People)+系动词(are)+表语(poor)”,介词短语atconsidering background information 作状语；on the whole为插入语。when making individual decisions 是 when引导的时间状语从句，省略了主语they和be动词are。2At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by externalfactors.乍一看，这好像是一种优势，它赋予了人们在不受外界因素影响的情况下做出公正判断的能力。【句子讲解】本句是复合句。主句由“主语(this)+系动词(might seem)+表语(like a strength)构成。that引导2的定语从句，修饰a strength;从句中，that代替先行词a strength作主语，谓语是grants,宾语是the ability,动词不定式短语to make judgments作ability的后置定语。which引导的定语从句，修饰judgments;从句中，which代替先行词judgments作主语，系动词是are,表语是unbiased,介词短语by external factors作状语。句首的介词短语At firstglance作状语。【词汇注释】externaltkst3nla.外部的；表面的n.外部；外观【词组】external factor外因，外在因素externalforce外力【例】All his injuries are external.他受的都是外伤。But Dr.Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biasedby the daily samples of information they were working with.但尤里西蒙逊博士推测，不考虑大局会导致决策者受日常接触信息的影响，从而做出带有偏见的决定。【句子讲解】本句是复合句。主句的主语是Dr.Uri Simonsohn,谓语是speculated,that引导的宾语从句作speculated的宾语；宾语从句由“主语(an inability)+谓语(was leading)+宾语(decision-makers）+宾语补足语(tobebiased)”构成，动词不定式短语to consider the big picture作inability的后置定语，介词短语by the daily samples ofinformation作状语。省略关系词(which/.hat)的定语从句，修饰information;从句中，they为主语，were working with作谓语，省略的关系词(which/hat)代替先行词information作宾语。句首的连词But承接上文，表转折。【词汇注释】speculatespekjulert.推测；猜测；思索【记】speculation n.推测；猜测【例】The doctor speculatesthat he died of heart disease.医生推测他死于心脏病。biasedbaiasta.有偏见的记】bias n.偏见；爱好.使有偏见；影响【例】I am ver町biased against the country,我对这个国家有很强的偏见。For example,he theorised that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone toprison if he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.,创建的理论认为：一名担心在罪行面前表现得太心慈手软的法官，如果一天当中已经宣判其他五、六名被告人执行强制性的社区服务，那么他就极有可能把某个人送进监狱。【句子图解】主干句(Forexample,hetheorised住+谓+宾)that引导的宾语从句，作theorised的宾语that ajudge.might be more likely to send someone to prison形容词短语作后置定语，修饰judgfearful ofappearing too soft on crimef引导的条件状语从句ifhe had already sentenced five or six other defendants介词短语作five or six other defendants的补足语only to forced community service on that day.词汇注释theorise0 roraiz推理；创建理论；建立学说记】theory n.理论【例】He could only theorise aboutthe role of dreams in peoples life.他只能推测说明梦在人们生活中的作用。sentencesentans.宣判，判决【例】He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later.他已经认罪，会在晚些时候宜判。defendantdirfendant子n法被告人a法被告的：辩护的（例】The complainanaccused the defendant of robbing him.告控诉被告抢劫他。第二段To test this idea,he turned to the university-admissions process.为了检验这一观点，他转向研究大学录取过程。【句子讲解】本句的结构为“主语(he)+谓语(turned)”。介词短语to the university-admissions process作状语，表对象；动词不定式短语To test this idea作目的状语，he指代上段所提到的Dr.Uri Simonsohn。【词汇注释】admissiondmjnn.准许进人；承认；入场费【词组】admission ticket门票；准考证In theory,the success of an applicant should not depend on the few others chosen randomly for interview during thesame day,but Dr.Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.理论上讲，申请者的成功不应取决于当天随机抽选参加面试的其他几名申请者，但是，西蒙逊博士怀疑事实并非如此。3【句子讲解】本句是由but连接的并列句，but表转折。分句一由“主语(thesuccess)+谓语(shouldnot dependon)+宾语(the few others)构成；介词短语 of an applicant 作 success的后置定语，过去分词短语 chosen randomly for in-terview.作others的后置定语，其中介词短语 during the same day作chosen的时间状语，In theory作分句一的状语。分句二是复合句，主句的主语是Dr.Simonsohn,谓语是suspected,省略引导词(that)的宾语从句作suspected的宾语；从句由“主语(the truth)+系动词(was)+表语(otherwise)”构成。【词汇注释】applicantaeplrkantn.申请人；请求者【记】apply.申请；应用【词组】job applicant求职人员randomly raendamli ad.随机地，任意地【记】random a.随机的；任意的【例】The winning numbers are randomlyselected by a computer.中号码由电脑随机选取的。第三段DHe studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions oficers.他研究了由31名面试官进行的9323场MBA面试结果。【句子讲解】本句由“主语(He)+谓语(studied)+宾语(the results)构成；介词短语 of 9,323 MBA interviews作results的后置定语，过去分词短语 conducted by 31 admissions officers作 MBA interviews的后置定语。The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five.面试官按照1-5的等级为申请者评级。【句子讲解】本句是由“主语(The interviewers)+谓语(had rated)+宾语(applicants)”构成的简单句。介词短语on a a scal.作状语;介词短语 of ne t ive作后置定语,修饰 scale。This scale took numerous factors into consideration.这个评分等级考虑了很多因素。【句子讲解】本句是一个简单句，主语是This scale,谓语是took,宾语是 numerous factors,介词短语 into consider-ation为 numerous factors语。【词汇注释】scale*skeln.等级；规模；比例【词组】on a scale of以规模【例】On a scale of 1 to 10 how doyou rate his performance?如果用1-10给他打分的话，你给他的表演打几分？4The scores were then used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Graduate Management Admission Test,orGMAT,a standardised exam which is marked out of 800 points,to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.这些分数随后和GMAT(管理学研究生人学考试，以800分为满分进行打分的标准化考试)的分数共同决定是否录取申请者。【句子图解】主 The scores were then used(+)介词短语作状语in conjunction with an applicants score介词短语作后置定语，修饰scoreon the Graduate Management Admission Test,or GMAT,微信公众号【最强考研GMAT的同位语a standardised examwhich引导的定语从句，修饰exam考研人的which is marked out of 800 points,动词不定式短语作目的状语to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.【要点注释】make a decision on.中，介词短语 on whether to accept him or her作 decision的后置定语。【词汇注释】in conjunction with 连同；与一起【记】conjunction n.连词；连接；联合【例】We are working in con-junction with the police.我与警方配合进行工作。第四段Dr.Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in adaily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more high-er than that of the one before that,then the score for the next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points.西蒙逊博士发现，同一天内，如果在一系列被面试者中，其中一位的分数比前一位高出0.75分或更多，那么下一位被面试者的分数就会平均减少0.075分。-4