人教版九年级英语专题复习导学案：名词专题.doc

馨雅资源网 九年级英语专题复习名词导学案 了解名词的含义和分类及用法 名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：door, apple, China, air等。 名词分为：______名词和______名词两大类。普通名词又分为_______名词和_______名词两种。 考点一：不可数名词 1、不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词，它们不能直接和表示数字的词或不定冠词连用，也没有_______形式。常考的不可数名词有：news（新闻）, information（信息）, 建议________, 天气________, 家庭作业____________, 时间_______, 钱__________, 纸___________，音乐___________等。 2、不可数名词可以借助______来表示一定的数量。但也可以用much（许多）, some/any（一些）, a little(一点点),little(几乎没有) plenty of（很多） , a lot of(=lots of)（许多）等修饰不可数名词。如： 一则新闻：a piece of news ; 两瓶水： two bottles of water ; 四条建议________________________ ; 六张纸_________________ ；你能借给我一些钱吗？Could you lend me__________________? 【中考真题再现】 ( ) 1. All the _____ are made of ______ , not plastics. A. glass; glass B. glasses, glass C. glasses , glasses D. glass, glasses ( ) 2. Jenny gave us ____ on how to improve English. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice D. an advice 考点二：可数名词单数变为复数的几条规律 1、一般直接加-s: 比如：girl---__________ map---_________ 2、以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的单词常在词尾加—es: 比如：bus—_______ brush---_______ 3、以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加—es: 比如： story---_______ baby---_______ 4、以--o结尾的名词变复数常有下列2种变化： ①【口诀：黑人和英雄正在吃士豆和西红柿。】 说明：Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄),potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)，这四个名词变复数时，在词尾加-es。 ②其它以o结尾的名词一般加-s, radio_______ zoo______ kangaroo__________(袋鼠) photo________(照片) kilo_________(千克) 5、以“f”和“fe”结尾，一般改 f 或fe 为v,再+es 【口决：树叶多半自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮。架后窜出一只狼，就像盗贼逃命忙。】 说明：leaf(树叶)，half(半)，self(自己)， wife(妻子)，knife(刀子)，shelf(架子)，wolf(狼)， thief(盗贼)，life(生命) 这九个名词变复数时都要变f或fe为v, 再加-es。 比如: leaf_______ half ________ myself_________ wife________ knife__________ 特殊：　roof--- roofs(屋顶) reef ---reefs(暗礁) chief—chiefs(首领) 6、【可数名词变复数名词的不规则变化】 1)改变单数名词中的元音字母或其它形式。 ①foot—_______ (脚) tooth---_______ (牙齿) ②goose—______ (鹅) woman ---______ (女人) ③man ---_______ (男人) ④child ---_______ (孩子) ⑤mouse ---_______ (老鼠) ★与man 和woman构成的合成词，两部分都要变成复数形式。 e.g.: woman doctor ---women doctors（女医生） man driver—men drivers (男司机) 2)巧记某国人单复数常有下列三种变化。 ①Chinese (中国人)---- _______ Japanese(日本人) ----_______ ② 将man 变为men Englishman---___________ Frenchman---_______ ③其余全在后面加s German---___________ American---_________Indian—_______Canadian----_______Australian----_________ 【口诀：中日友好是一致，英法联盟a变e, 余国词尾添s。】 【中考真题再现】 ( ) 1. They are from ____ . They’re _______. A. Germany; Germans B. Germans ; Germany C. German; Germany D. Germany; Germen ( ) 2. ---Could you take ______ for these______? -- They are very beautiful. A. any photos; tomatoes B. some photos ; tomatoes C. some photos; tomatos D. any photo; tomatoes ( ) 3. How many _____ are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C. American D. Germen 3)有些名词只有复数形式。 _______ (人们) _______ (裤子) _______ (衣服) _______ (长裤) _______ (短裤) _______ (眼镜) _______ (袜子) _______ (鞋子) scissors(剪刀) 7、有些名词虽然以s结尾却表示单数。 如：_______ (消息，新闻) _______（草） _______ (政治) _______ (物理) 8、即可做可数名词也可做不可数名词： ① room“房间”，可数 There are five rooms here. “空间”，不可数 Can you make room for the old woman? ② chicken“小鸡”，可数 I think chickens can swim. “鸡肉”，不可数 Help yourself to some chicken. ③ orange“橘子”，可数 There are a few oranges on the tree. “橘子汁”，不可数 Would you like another bottle of orange? ④ experience “经历”，可数 It is a wonderful experience to travel to Beijing. “经验”，不可数 He has much experience after working so many years. ⑤ ★hair“几根头发”，可数 My mother has some white hairs. “指整个头发”，不可数 Kate’s hair is long. ⑥ work“作品”，可数 The works of Luxun(鲁迅)are very popular. “工作”，不可数 I have a lot of work to do today. ⑦ exercise“练习”，可数 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. “锻炼”，不可数 You must take enough exercise. ⑧ time“次数”，可数 We have meals three times a day. “时间”，不可数 Let’s hurry! There’s little time left. ⑨ ★glass“玻璃杯”，可数 There are two glasses of milk on the table. “玻璃”，不可数 Glass can be made into bottles ⑩ paper“报纸, 试卷”，可数 Please help me hand out the papers “纸张”，不可数 Please give me a piece of paper. 01. 【2013湖南娄底】29. —What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and_________. A. some chickens B. any chickens C. some chicken 02. Would you like some ______? ---Yes, please. I’m a little thirsty. A. bread B. meat C. beef D. orange 03. If you don’t take more ________, you’ll get fat. A. medicine B. exercise C. lessons 04. Could you move over a little and make some ________ for me? ------Sure, please. A. place B. seat C. room D. ground 05. He had something to write down and asked me for ________. A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper 06. I have ____ to do this evening. A. a lot of works B. many work C. a lot of work D. some works 07. You’d better do morning ________ every day. It’s good to do lots of ________. A. exercise, exercise B. exercises, exercise C. exercise, exercises D. exercises, exercises 08. Do you like __? --No. I prefer rose, the color of your dress. A. orange B. oranges C. carrot D. carrots 9. 名词做定语 作定语的名词用单数（man和woman除外） 1. 1）一棵香蕉树 五棵香蕉树 一位男教师 七位男教师 2）（2010 攀枝花）It’s said that more than 100 will attend this meeting in Shanghai. A man teachers B woman teacher’s C men teachers D womans teachers 2. a shoe shop一家鞋店 a bike factory 一家自行车工厂 01. 【2014黔西南州】____ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ____ teachers. A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman 02. 【2013广西贺州】 —What kind of porridge would you like, Alice?I would like ______. A. egg porridge B. eggs porridge C. fish porridges D. fishes porridge 03. There are three ________ assistants in that ________ shop. A. women, shoe B. woman, shoe C. woman, shoes D. women, shoes 04. The music made me think of the ___ of a running stream（溪流）. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound 05. 【2014甘肃白银】The boy didn’t sleep well last night because of the ______ from the factory. A. voice B. noise C. music D. song 06. How well she sings! --Yes, she has a very sweet ___. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. mouth 07. Loud noise may cause hearing ________ for a short time or even for ever. A. results B. questions C. accidents D. problems 08. 【2013山东泰安】23. The food safety is a serious_______ in our country. We should try to solve it. A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion 10．“数词+名词单数” “数词+名词单数+形容词”构成复合形容词，做前置定语 “数词+名词单数”做前置定语相当于时间名词的所有格形式 三天的假期 1 2 六个月的英语课程1 2 “数词+名词+形容词” 1 一个8/18/80/11岁的人 2一篇800词的作文 3.一座30米宽的桥 4.一栋40米高的楼房 11.专有名词 专有名词大致五类，人名、地名、时间名、报刊名、单位团体名。 比尔.盖茨 海南 一周七天;十二个月 中国日报 九年级一班 考点三：名词所有格[来源:学科网ZXXK] 1)名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。意为：“……的” 名词所有格有几种形式： 名词+’s ， 名词s’ ，名词+of+名词 A)表示有生命的东西的名词所有格，一般在名词的词尾加“ ’s ”， (1)如果词尾不是以s 结尾，要加“ ” 这男孩的母亲 the ______ mother 儿童节 ___________________ (2)如果词尾是以s 结尾，只加“ 　” e.g.: 双胞胎的房间 the _______ bedroom 教师节__________________ (3)表示时间、距离、国家、地点和自然现象等无生命名词的所有格也用“-’s”的形式。 today’s paper 今天的报纸 two hours’ rest 两个小时的休息 It’s about ___________ from school to her home every day. 每天从学校到她家需要十分钟的走路路程。 (4)表示商铺、某人的家、诊所、或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后名词可以省略。 e.g.: at my uncle’s 在我叔叔的家里 at the doctor’s 在医生的诊所里 (5)表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加　’s ; 若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加 ’s ; e.g.: Alan and Bain’s computer (共同所有) _____ very beautiful. (be)　　 　 Alan’s and Bain’s computers(各自所有） ______ very beautiful.(be) (6)表示某一事物与一个群体的所属关系，应用表这一群体的名词的复数形式。 e.g.: a women’s hat---women’s hats 女士帽 a children’s doctor—children’s doctors 儿科医生 ______________ 女子学校 _____________男子俱乐部 ____________ 运动会 B)表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of + 名词”的结构来表示。 e.g.: (A) 教室的窗户_____________________ (B) ________________ was broken. 房门坏了。 C)双重所有格结构 即’s结构和of结构相结合。 a, an, some, any, no, another, several, this, these, that, those +名词＋of +名词性物主代词/+名词的’s所有格 比如：我的一个朋友： a friend of mine（a+名词+of+名词性物主代词） 布朗太太的一辆车： a car of Mrs. Brown’s（a+名词+of+名词的’s所有格） D）有些名词用to来表示所有格。[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K] 1)the key to the room 房间的钥匙 2)the answers to the following questions 下面问题的答案 3) the way to the school 去学校的路 4）entrance to the theatre 戏院的入口 5) a witness to an accident 事故的目击者 6) a ticket to the match 比赛的票 【中考真题再现】 ( ) 1、The _____ was too much for the child to carry. A. box’s steel B. box of a steel C. steel box D. box of the steel ( ) 2、_____ are big and bright. A. The classroom window B. The window of the classroom C. The windows of the classroom D. The classroom’s windows ( )3.（2010 河北）I don’t think looking after children is just work. A woman B woman’s C women D women’s 1. 中考怎么考？ [2014荆州] 22. It’s a wise ________ to wear the white tie. It matches your shirt well. A. agreement B. support C. choice D. condition [2014荆州] 65.—What’s your favorite season?—I like best. It’s a good time to have a swim in hot weather. [2014荆州] 69. —How many (visit) come to Jingzhou every year?—More than one million, I think. [2013荆州] 25. —Did your mother do anything special on your birthday?—Yes. She made me a cake in the ______ of a heart. A. height B. shape C. style D. number 2. 中考考什么？ 3. 常见的可数名词：noodles 面条 // vegetables蔬菜/ 常见的不可数名词： 面包 金钱 娱乐 建议 天气 新闻，消息 音乐 信息 家庭作业 药物 bread money fun advice weather news music information homework medicine 米饭 帮助 知识 ★设备 ★家具 rice help knowledge equipment furniture 01. 【2014菏泽】My teacher gave me much _______ on how to study English well when I had some trouble. A. advice B. question C. suggestion D. problem 02. 【2014扬州】—What a good ____you’ve given me! Thanks a lot. —My pleasure. A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice 03. 【2014黔西南州】Could you please get me some _______? I’m hungry. A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg 04. 【2014广州】Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ______. A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice 05. 【2013 甘肃白银】51. Just search the internet, you can get almost all the ______ you need. A. informations B. information C. picture D. story 06. There is good __ for you. I’ve found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts 07. Swimming is ________ in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 08. What do you have for breakfast? ------I often have ________ or ________. A. breads , noodles B. bread, noodles C. breads, noodle D. bread, noodle 09. 【2013湖北随州】26. —Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ______?—Of course. But don't eat too much. A. bread B. noodle C. dumpling D. Hamburger 4. 名词用法比较 不可数名词 可数名词 单数 复数 ①量词短语 <注意搭配> a bottle of water two bottles of water some kilos of meat a bag of apples a pair of shoes two kilos of pears ②many “许多”，后只接复数 many books much “许多”，后只接不可数 much meat a lot of = lots of “许多” 后接复数和不可数都可以 a lot of meat a lot of books ③a few “有几个”表肯定，后只接复数 a few books few “没几个” 表否定，后只接复数 few books a little “有一点”表肯定，后只接不可数 a little meat little“没多少” 表否定，后只接不可数 little meat ★④plenty of “大量的，充足的” 后接复数和不可数都可以 plenty of meat plenty of books ⑤a number of “许多”后只接复数 a number of books ★⑥a bit of “一点”后只接不可数 a bit of food 01. 【2013四川遂宁】22. I’m so hungry. Please give me to eat. A. three bread B. three pieces of bread C. three pieces of breads 02. 【2013 湖北黄冈】33.——What would you like to drink, girls?——，________ please. A. Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas 03. Can I help you? ------I’d like ________ for my twin daughters. A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes 04. The foreigner spoke so fast that I understood __ of his speech.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 05. A lot of story books are on sale, but ______ good ones. A. any B. some C. few D. many 06. There’s ____ milk at home. We have to buy some this afternoon. A. a little B. little C. a few 07. Would you like some milk in your tea? ------Yes, please. But just ________. A. little B. a little C. a few 08. You’ve stayed in this school for several days, haven’t you? ---Yes. I think I’ll be here for _____ more days. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 09. Could I have something to eat? ----Sure. Here’s some ____. A. chicken B. tomatoes C. orange 5. 加连字符结构的用法：常放在名词前作定语 ,并且其中的名词要用单数 例：He is a 12—year—old boy. 他是一个12岁的孩子。 a two—day holiday = a two days’ holiday 两天的假期 6. 名词的所有格 ①一般在词尾加 ’s 例：his brother’s book 他的兄弟的书 ②以s结尾的只加 ’ 例：the students’ books 学生们的书 ③两人共同所有，在后一个名词尾用所有格 例：Lily and Lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的父亲 ④两人分别所有，两个名词尾都用所有格 例：Lily’s and Kate’s fathers 莉莉的父亲和露西的父亲 ⑤所有格后的名词有时省略： 例：This is not my book, but Jim’s. (=Jim’s book 吉姆的书) Jim is staying at the doctor’s. (=doctor’s room 医务室) 7. 双重所有格：有两种表示法 ①of + 名词所有格 例：He is a friend of my father’s. 他是我父亲的一个朋友。 ②of + 名词性物主代词 例：This is a child of theirs. 这是他们的一个孩子。 01. 【2014长沙】—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? —No, it’s my ____. He left it there just now. A. brother B. brother’s C. brothers’ 02. 【2014鄂州】—It’s convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway. —Yes. It’s said that _______ is enough. A. fifteen minutes drive B. fifteen-minutes drive C. fifteen minute’s drive D. fifteen minutes’ drive 03. 【2014东营】—When is Day?—It’s on June 1st, Dave. A. Child B. Children C. Child’s D. Children’s 04. 【2014苏州】The park is far away from here indeed it’s about _______ walk A. Three hour B. a three hour’s C. a three-hours D. a three-hour 05. 【2014甘肃白银】Mr. Black is a teacher of ______. She and her classmates like him very much A. my sister B. my sister’s C. my sisters D. my sisters’ 06. 【2013山东威海】40. ______ fathers can’t go to the class meeting because they have gone to business. A. Jack and Mike’s B. Jack’s and Mike’s C. Jack and Mike D. Jack’s and Mike 07. 【2014河北】We must protect plants. They are friends of ___. A. we B. us C. our D. ours 08. Our school is just ten ____ walk from my home. A. minute’s B. minutes’ C. minute[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K] 09. The man saved three _____ lives in the accident. A. children’s B. children C. child D. child’s 10. 【2013广西贺州】 36. Look at the man over there. He is _____ uncle