精品解析：江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题（原卷版）.docx

2024届高三期初学业质量监测试卷 英语 注意事项 考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求 1.本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卷交回。 2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔填写在答题卷上。 3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。 4.作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米的签字笔写在答题卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。 第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Why was the man late for work? A. He was stuck in traffic. B. He had a traffic accident. C. His car broke down on the road. 2. What does the man like about the new shop? A. The location. B. The assistants. C. The clothes. 3. What is the man doing? A. Placing an order. B. Asking about an item. C. Requesting a delivery service. 4. Who might Lily be? A. The woman’s babysitter. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s child. 5. What does the woman agree to do? A. Change seats. B. Call off her trip. C. Travel on a different day. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. How does the woman describe the furniture store? A. There are goods of a high quality. B. There are good bargains on sale. C. They sell goods online as well. 7. What will the man do first? A. Surf the Internet. B. Go to the store. C. Compare prices. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. When does the conversation take place? A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon. 9. Why doesn’t the mango to the conference room now? A. He needs to meet the clients. B He is working on another task. C. He has checked the heater before. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What are the speakers discussing? A. The woman’s cousin. B. Their weekend plans. C. A local band. 11. Who is the woman scheduled to meet? A. A relative. B. A band member. C. A concert organizer. 12. What does the man offer to do? A. Convince Jane. B. Pay for the tickets. C. Find out the availability of tickets. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13. What happened to the woman at the beginning? A. She lost her phone. B. She couldn’t find the way. C. She was trapped in heavy snow. 14. How did the woman keep warm? A. By having more clothes on. B. By using the car heater. C. By drinking hot tea. 15. Why did the woman turnoff the engine? A. It broke down. B. She stopped to answer a call. C. The car was running out of gas. 16. What did the emergency services do? A. They called an ambulance. B. They led the woman to her home. C. They helped the woman go to the main road. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What kind of place is Oldsville? A. An oilfield. B. A tourist area. C. A deserted train station. 18 What can tourists see right beside the track? A. Desert plants. B. Trees. C. Animals. 19. What do we know about the bridge? A. It is dangerous. B. It is over a deep river. C. It is made of wood. 20. Where can tourists get drinks? A. From a store. B. From the speaker. C. From a machine. 第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Nashville TN Welcome to your Music City vacation planning center, where you can make reservations for lodging, activities, dining and more! You can meet today’s hottest stars and country music legends at the Grand Ole Opry, cruise the Cumberland aboard the General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise or tour the sights! Classic Music City Attractions When one thinks of Music City, there are several attractions that immediately come to mind, namely the Grand Ole Opry, The General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise, and the Ryman Auditorium. Some of the most amazing stars have taken the stage at the Grand Ole Opry. Another historic venue in Music City is the Ryman Auditorium. As well as attending concerts and shows, visitors to the Ryman can take leisurely tours to learn all about the history of the performing center. Architectural Wonders As one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, it is no wonder that this city is home to some of the most impressive pieces of architecture. From landmarks to universities and everything in between, those who have a passion for history are sure to have an amazing time exploring these places. Music City Art & Museums For those who love art, the Frist Center is a must-have activity. This art museum features approximately 24, 000 sq ft filled with a variety of exhibitions and displays that are sure to impress. This non-profit center is open seven days a week and features rotating exhibits so there’s something new with each visit. Shopping, Dining & More Downtown is among the most popular areas of the city as it holds some of the greatest attractions and more. East, the ever-growing region is a bustling(熙攘的) place to visit while in Music City! From an eclectic atmosphere to historic landmarks and more. From local delicious eats to breweries and shopping opportunities, this neighborhood is well worth a visit! 1. In Nashville TN, visitors can . A. have a chance to perform on the stage. B. explore some impressive historic buildings. C. meet some hot stars and pickup fiction stories. D. go shopping in Downtown, the most popular area. 2. What is special about the Frist Center? A Live concerts can be enjoyed. B. It is the largest museum in Nashville TN. C. The center is accessible every day except on holidays. D. Visitors can get different visiting experiences every time. 3. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the city of Nashville TN. B. To help people to tailor vacation plans. C. To arouse visitors’ interest in music and art. D. To remind visitors of protecting Nashville TN. B Black students reported facing barriers that prevent them from completing their undergraduate studies in six years or less, regardless of the type of certificate or degree program, according to research published Thursday by Gallup and the Lumina Foundation. The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework. The report compiled data in fall 2022 from 6, 008 college students across different certification and degree programs, including 1, 106 Black students. 21% of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. Black students were also more likely to have shared that they felt disrespected or psychologically unsafe at an institution while learning. 28% of Black students who attended an institution with little diversity felt physically unsafe, while 26% felt disrespected and 27% felt psychologically unsafe. Managing multiple priorities was another factor interfering with Black students’ education goals. The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups. Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to takeout more loans to cover the cost of attending college. 4. Which factor can’t lead to the lower rate of completing education among black students directly? A. Management of multiple priorities. B. Experiences of discrimination. C. The types of certificate or degree programs. D. High costs of attending school. 5. How did the researcher draw the conclusion? A. By referring to previous studies. B. By making some comparisons. C. By explaining causes and effects. D By analyzing respondents’ psychology. 6. What can we infer from the passage? A. About 21% of Black students feel discriminated against frequently. B. Black students feel discriminated mainly due to physical in security. C. Black students have to take full-time jobs for lack of access to loans. D. The black female students may be in the most disadvantaged position. 7. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon referred to in the passage? A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Concerned. C A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change. For the study in Nature Communications, the researchers looked at nearly 7, 000 species of terrestrial non migratory birds—which is nearly two-thirds of all bird species—and focused on how bird species has evolved in ambient temperature(温度的梯度) and other factors of selection. Two widely accepted “rules” in biology indicate that as local temperatures change, animals are likely to adjust heat transfer capabilities by changing the size of their bodies and extremities(四肢). Biologist Carl Bergmann’s rule states that colder climates spawn bigger bodies because they help keep heat while smaller bodies help shed it. As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions. Zoologist Joel Asaph Allen’s rule deals with extremities, such as limbs, ears, and beaks, stating that animals in colder climates tend to have smaller extremities because extremities tend to have more surface than volume and are uniquely suited to shed heat. For example, arctic hares have evolved short legs and ears, whereas desert jackrabbits have evolved very longlegs and ears. “The problem is that everything we know about ecology tells us that changing the size of bodies and extremities can be problematic,” says lead author Carlos Botero, an associate professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin. For example, if body size decreases, birds may not be able to hunt the same food as their ancestors. Similarly, if the average size or shape of a bill changes, birds may become less efficient foragers(觅食者) or have trouble producing typical mating calls. It is not surprising that many prior studies have failed to find evidence for these predictions and that these so-called biological rules are currently controversial. The new study could clarify that debate by showing that although the patterns that Bergmann and Allen predicted occur in the wild, the two separate mechanisms complement each other. 8. What is the new study about? A. The two rules proposed by previous researchers. B. The differences between animals in cold and warm areas. C. The effect global climate change has on animals’ foraging. D. The way birds evolve in response to the rising temperature. 9. What does the underlined word “spawn” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. make for B. bring in C. arise from D. wipeout 10. According to the passage, the birds in the colder areas tend to have . A. bigger bodies and longer legs. B. bigger bodies and shorter legs. C. smaller bodies and longer legs. D. smaller bodies and shorter legs. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. The two rules with separate mechanisms are contradictory. B. The new study combines the prior studies and the two rules. C. The new study provides supporting evidence for the two rules. D. The two rules show animals change the body size to keep heat D U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says. U.S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, the report says. It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says. The prediction suggests that the loss of forests as a natural carbon absorber will require the U.S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero, said Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation. “Ten percent of our domestic emissions. That is a really significant portion,” Riley said. “As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that, it means the U.S. will contribute that much more in emissions.” The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, disrupting their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, Riley said. Exploitation of forested areas, which the report projects will continue to increase, is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wild and urban interface. The trees’ ability to absorb carbon weakens overtime. Older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and the U.S. forests are rapidly aging, the report found. More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon, Riley said. A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees, Riley said, comparing forest management to prescribing the proper dugs to a patient. 12. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Coal power plants emit 150 million metric tons of carbon every year B. Cutting down all older trees is an effective way to solve the problem. C. A new study of forest should be conducted after removing older trees. D. Forests are likely to shift from a carbon absorber to an emission source. 13. What can we infer from what Riley said in paragraph 3 and 4? A. Forests play a crucial role in holding carbon. B. Forests are no longer a natural carbon absorber. C. The U.S makes contributions to decarbonization. D. Achieving net zero emissions is within easy reach. 14. The following factors can cause the loss of carbon absorption EXCEPT . A. aging forests B. natural disasters