精品解析：2022年山东省临沂市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

【中小学教辅资源店 微信：mlxt2022】 试卷类型：A 2022年临沂市初中学业水平考试试题 英语 注意事项: 1. 本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。试题卷1至10页, 答题卡1至3页。总分100分, 考试时间100分钟。 2. 答卷前考生务必用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置。考生须在答题卡规定的区域内答题, 在试题卷上答题不得分。选择题须用2B铅笔填涂, 非选择题须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写。 3. 考试结束后, 将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 试题卷 一、听力测试（共20小题, 计20分） (一）听句子, 选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。 1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______ （二）听对话和问题, 根据所听内容, 选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。 6. A. Rainy. B. Sunny. C. Cloudy. 7. A. At 1: 30. B. At 2: 15. C. At 2: 45. 8. A. She used to have straight blonde hair. B. She used to have curly black hair. C. She used to have curly red hair. 9. A. Watch TV. B. Do his homework. C. Clean his bedroom. 10. A. On the sofa. B. On the table. C. In her schoolbag. （三）听短文, 根据短文内容, 判断下列句子正误, 正确的用“A”表示, 不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前, 你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。 11. Jack had an accident when he was ten years old. 12. Jack was hit by a car and was pulled along the road for almost 30 meters. 13. Thanks to Mike Miller, Jack was OK and could walk again the next day. 14. Jack's family held a surprise party for Mike. 15. Jack wants to be a policeman like Mike when he grows up. （四）听对话, 根据对话内容完成下列句子, 每空词数不限。对话读三遍。听对话前, 你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。注意：请将答案填写在答题卡指定区域。 16. When will the school's Environmental Festival be held? It will be held next ______. 17. How will the music club hold the concert? They’ll ______all the lights as soon as people sit down. 18. What kind of music will people enjoy? The ______music from the piano and violin. 19. Where will they hold the concert? In the music hall ______the library. 20. How will they invite people to the concert? They'll only make invitations on the ______in order to save paper. 二、完形填空（共8小题, 计8分） 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供1-4小题选用，第二个方框供5-8小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。 A. had to B. unless C. got lost D. borrow E. if A long time ago, there was a kind businessman named Antonio in Venice. One day, his friend Bassanio wanted to ask a lady named Portia to marry him. But he didn’t have any money to buy clothes and travel to her city. The man then tried to ___1___ some money from his friend Antonio. However, Antonio had spent all of his money on some ships at sea. So he decided to borrow money from Shylock, a money-lender. “I can lend you money,” said Shylock. “But ___2___ you don’t return it on time, you must give me a pound of your own flesh（肉）.” Antonio agreed. Bassanio asked Portia to marry him successfully, but Antonio’s ships ___3___ at sea. This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock. He ___4___ face Shylock in court （法庭）. A. without B. cut off C. herself D. with E. punished Bassanio wanted to help his friend, but he didn’t know what to do. Then portia dressed ___5___ up as a male lawyer （律师）and followed Bassanio to the court. She checked the contract（合同）between Shylock and Antonio. Then, she told the court that Shylock could ___6___ one pound of Antonio’s flesh. But he had to do it ___7___making Antonio lose blood. This, of course, was impossible. The court ___8___ Shylock for trying to kill Antonio. The court took half of his money and gave the other half to Antonio. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是《威尼斯商人》的一段情节，巴萨尼奥因为要求婚所以向安东尼奥借钱，安东尼奥以割自己一磅肉的条件向夏洛克借了钱，但是无法及时偿还，但最终在巴萨尼奥的帮助下法庭惩罚了夏洛克。 【1题详解】 句意：然后，该男子试图从他的朋友安东尼奥那里借钱。根据“But he didn’t have any money to buy clothes and travel to her city. ”可知，该男人应该要向朋友借钱，borrow“借入”。故选D。 【2题详解】 句意：但是如果你不按时归还，你必须给我一磅你自己的肉。根据“you must give me a pound of your own flesh”可知，不按时归还是假设的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选E。 【3题详解】 句意：巴萨尼奥成功地向波西亚求婚，但安东尼奥的船在海上迷路了。根据“This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock.”可知，船迷路了，他无法还钱，got lost “迷路”。故选C。 【4题详解】 句意：他不得不在法庭上面对夏洛克。根据“This meant that he had no way to return the money to Shylock. ”可知，他不能还钱，所以不得不在法庭上面对夏洛克，had to“不得不”。故选A。 【5题详解】 句意：然后，波西亚打扮成一名男律师，跟随巴萨尼奥来到法庭。根据“dressed…up as a male lawyer ”可知，此处指打扮成男律师，dress oneself up“打扮自己”，herself“她自己的”。故选C。 【6题详解】 句意：然后，她告诉法庭，夏洛克可以割下安东尼奥的一磅肉。根据“one pound of Antonio’s flesh”可知，此处指割下肉，cut off“割下”。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：但他必须在不让安东尼奥失血的情况下做到这一点。根据“But he had to do it … making Antonio lose blood.”和“This, of course, was impossible.”可知，割肉不流血是不可能的， without“没有”。故选A。 【8题详解】 句意：法庭因夏洛克试图杀害安东尼奥而惩罚了他。根据“The court took half of his money and gave the other half to Antonio.”可知，法庭惩罚了夏洛克，punished“惩罚”。故选E。 三、阅读理解（共12小题, 计24分） A Words in the Snow In the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were no written words. People recorded things by tying knots（打结）in ropes and carving（雕刻） shapes on stone walls. One day, the Yellow Emperor discussed an event with a wise man named Cang Jie. Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten（腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but could hardly read the shapes on it. They had been carved by another person except himself. “The ropes will be rotten. And the shapes can only be read by a few people, "the emperor said to Cang. “Can you come up with something better?” Cang thought over the matter for days and nights. On the morning after a heavy snowfall, the earth was completely white. He saw the footmarks of some different animals by accident. These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by. Cang suddenly had an idea. He picked a stick and drew on the snow-covered ground. He first drew a tiger and a bear to show that they had passed by. But soon, he found this was taking too much time. He realized that he had to make the drawings easier. All the shapes on the stone walls flashed through his mind. Cang kept making all kinds of shapes on the ground easier. To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot（小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line（竖线）made up the moon. And three curves（曲线） were used to show water. Later, the sun appeared. These simple marks shone brightly in the snow. In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. Since then, they have been able to record their own history. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 9. Cang Jie couldn’t remember the event clearly because he couldn’t ________. A. record things by tying knots in ropes B. carve shapes on the stone walls C. read the rotten rope or the shapes about it 10. The underlined word “recognize” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A. know B. praise C. accept 11. In Paragraph 4, the writer explains Cang’s simple marks by ________. A. giving some advice B. giving several examples C. asking a few questions 12. The passage mainly tells us _________. A. what reminded Cang Jie to use shapes or marks to show different things B. why Cang Jie was asked to come up with better ways to record things C. how Cang Jie created a whole set of symbols to record things 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten （腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly.”可知，仓颉记不清这件事，因为他不能从腐烂的绳子或形状记起那件事。故选C。 【10题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by.”可知，动物的脚印各不相同，这些脚印帮助仓颉认出了经过的动物，所以recognize表示“识别”，和know意思相同。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据“To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot （小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line （竖线）made up the moon. And three curves （曲线） were used to show water. ”可知，第四段作者通过举例的方式解释仓颉的简单标记。故选B。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据“In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。故选C。 B Migratory birds （候鸟）fly to different places during different seasons. They may fly day and night for months at a time. During this long journey, when and how do they sleep? In 2016, some scientists studied a group of frigate birds（军舰鸟）during a ten-day flying journey. They found that frigate birds can sleep while they’re flying! According to this study, these birds take two kinds of short sleep. The first is called Rapid Eye Movement（REM, 快速动眼）sleep. It is the deepest period of sleep. For humans, REM sleep can continue for many minutes. For flying birds, however, REM sleep continues for only a few seconds（秒）. Even so, this period of sleep is still very important for their brain health. The other kind of short sleep is “half sleep”. Frigate birds put only half of their brain to sleep, while the other half stays awake. The eyes of these birds are always connected to the waking part of their brain. In other words, they sleep with their eyes open. It is still a little dangerous to take such a short sleep, though. So, these birds prefer to stay awake most of the time. Before reaching land, they spend less than three percent of their time sleeping. However, not all migratory birds sleep in this way. Many will make several stops on their way to get a good rest. Some stay completely awake for their whole journey. Alpine Swifts（高山雨燕）, for example, can keep flying for nearly 200 days. There are few signs of these birds sleeping during their long trips. The sleeping habits of birds are different from species（物种） to species. This makes the study of migratory birds very exciting for scientists. In the future, we may learn more amazing things about these animals! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 13. What do we know about frigate birds? A Their REM sleep continues for many minutes. B. They don’t sleep during their long trips. C. They can sleep with their eyes open. 14. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（P=Paragraph） A. B. C. 15. After the study of migratory birds, the scientists have found ________. A. the sleeping habits of birds are different from species to species B. why migratory birds fly to different places during different seasons C. all migratory birds spend a little time sleeping during a long journey 16. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Alpine Swifts’ 200-day Trip B. Frigate Birds’ Flying Journey C. Sleeping in the Sky 【答案】13. C 14. B 15. A 16. C 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据“In other words, they sleep with their eyes open.”可知，军舰鸟可以睁着眼睛睡觉。故选C。 【14题详解】 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题：候鸟如何睡觉和何时睡觉；第二段介绍军舰鸟能够在飞行时睡觉并有两种短期睡眠；第三第四段分别具体介绍军舰鸟两种短期睡眠；第五段讲了其他候鸟在迁徙过程中是如何睡觉并且有候鸟几乎没有睡觉；第六段总结全文展望未来。综上所述，B图符合本文结构。故选B。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据“The sleeping habits of birds are different from species （物种） to species.”可知，科学家研究后发现鸟类的睡眠习惯因物种而异。故选A。 【16题详解】 最佳标题题。根据“During this long journey, when and how do they sleep?”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯，C选项“在天空中睡觉”可作为标题。故选C。 C The Bird Mask Today, doctors know a lot about how to stop germs (病菌) from spreading. They suggest people cover their mouths when they cough. Washing your hands often also helps. However, people haven’t always known about germs. For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread. ___17___ Some doctors even tried dressing like birds. In 1619, the French doctor, Charles de Lorme, invented a special uniform. He hoped it could protect doctors who were treating plague (瘟疫) patients. The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots (靴子) and a hat. The doctors also carried sticks so they wouldn’t have to touch the patients. The most special part of the uniform was the mask (面具). ___18___ It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes. At that time, doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air. Any air that had a bad smell was dangerous. ___19___ They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air and they wouldn’t get sick because of the plague. Did it work? Well, not really. Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them. ___20___ Some forms of plague only spread through certain animals such as mice. The doctors’ uniform helped to protect them from this danger. However, largely the coat, gloves, boots and hat did the job, not the bird mask. 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 A. The bird mask helped to protect the doctors from this danger. B. Many doctors still got sick by breathing through the nostril holes in their masks. C. The mask made the doctors look like birds. D So the doctors put flowers in the beak of their masks. E. They did many things to avoid getting sick. 【答案】17. E 18. C 19. D 20. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了在过去，包括医生在内的人都不知道病菌是如何传播的。于是在1619年，有医生发明了鸟形的面罩来阻止病菌传播。事实上，由跳蚤和啮齿动物传播的瘟疫并不是依靠面罩，而是依靠包裹医生全身的外套、手套、靴子和帽子来阻止的。 【17题详解】 根据前句“For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread.”和后句“Some doctors even tried dressing like birds.”可知，此处指医生尝试了很多阻止病菌传播的方法，E项“他们做了很多事情来避免生病”符合语境。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据后句“It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes.”可知，此处是在描述面具，且与鸟有关，C项“面具使医生看起来像鸟”符合语境。故选C。 【19题详解】 根据后句“They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air…”和下文中的“and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指在面具里放花来防止吸入坏空气，D项“所以医生在他们面具的鸟嘴上放了花”符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 根据“Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指通过空气传播的病菌会使人生病，B项“很多医生仍然通过面具中的鼻孔呼吸而生病”符合语境。故选B。 四、词形转换（共8小题, 计8分） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空, 每空限填一词。 21 My _______ garden is very nice. （grandmother） 【答案】grandmother’s 【解析】 【详解】句意：我祖母的花园很漂亮。根据“garden is very nice”和所给单词可知，此处指祖母的花园，应用名词所有格grandmother’s“祖母的”，修饰名词garden。故填grandmother’s。 22. The headmaster will study the report _______ before making a decision.（careful） 【答案】carefully 【解析】 【详解】句意：校长在做决定之前会仔细研究这份报告。根据“study the report”和所给单词可知，此处指仔细地研究，careful的副词形式为carefully“仔细地”，修饰动词study。故填carefully。 23. Two Chinese _______ have been to space so far. They’re Liu Yang and Wang Yaping. （woman） 【答案】women 【解析】 【详解】句意：到目前为止，已有两名中国女性去过太空。她们是刘洋和王亚平。根据“two”可知，大于一的基数词后应为复数名词，woman的复数形式是women“女性”。故填women。 24. When Dave goes back home from school, his dog always greets him at the door with _______. (excite) 【答案】excitement 【解析】 【详解】句意：当戴夫放学回家时候，他的狗总是激动地在门口迎接他。根据“with”可知，空处应填名词，excitement“激动；兴奋”，不可数名词。故填excitement。 25. It’s said that in the future there will be longer summers and _______ winters than before. （short） 【答案】shorter 【解析】 【详解】句意：据说将来夏天会比以前长，冬天会比以前短。根据“than before”可知，两者之间的比较应用比较级，short的比较级是shorter“更短的”。故填shorter。 26. Teenagers will feel _______ and even get angry if someone reads their diaries.（comfortable） 【答案】uncomfortable 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果有人读他们的日记，青少年会感到不舒服，甚至生气。根据“and even get angry if someone reads their diaries.”可知，青少年会因为有人读他们的日记而感到不舒服，feel为系动词，此处应用形容词uncomfortable“不舒服的”作表语。故填uncomfortable。 27. Baby pandas only _______ about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos when they’re born.（weight） 【答案】weigh 【解析】 【详解】句意：熊猫宝宝出生时体重只有0.1到0.2公斤。weight“重量”，名词；根据“Baby pandas only … about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos”可知，空格处为谓语动词，表示熊猫宝宝体重多少，weigh“有……重”，动词