2021研究生考试英语二真题及答案解析.pdf

7.Atolerant Bformal Crigid Dcritical8.AYet BSo CBesides DStill9.Aonly Brather Conce Dalso10.Acomfort Brevenue Cefficiency Dsecurity11.Afriendly Bquiet Ccautious Ddiligent12.Apurpose Bproblem Cprejudice Dpolicy13.Areported Brevealed Cadmitted Dnoticed14.Abreak Btrip Cdepartment Dtransfer15.Amoral Bbackground Cstyle Dform16.Ainterpret Bcriticize Csacrifice Dtolerate17.Atask Bsecret Cprotect Dcost18.Aleading to Bcalling for Crelating to Daccounting for19.Aspecify Bpredict Crestore Dcreate20.Amodify Breview Cpresent DachieveSection ll Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)-Text 1-Reskillingis something like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have afuture where a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind.We know we are moving into aperiod where the jobs in demand will change rapidly,as will the requirements of the jobs thatremain.Research by the WEF,detailed in the Harvard Business Review,finds that on average 42percent of the core skillswithin job roles will change by 2022.That is a very short timeline,so wecan only imagine what the changes will be further in the future.The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one.For individual companies,thetemptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace themwith those whose skills are.That does not always happen.AT&T is often given as the goldstandard of a company who decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with afire-and-hire strategy,ultimately retraining 18,000 employees.Prepandemic,other companiesincluding Amazon and Disney had also pledged to create their own plans.When the skillsmismatch is in the broader economy though,the focus usually turns to government to handle.Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best,and have given us asituation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers,even at times and in regionswhere unemployment is high.With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed.In February,at 3.5 percent and 53 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and the United States were at generationallows and worker shortages were everywhere.As of May,those rates had spiked up to 13.3percent and 13.7 percent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared,not all haddone so.In the medical field,to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there werestill clear shortages of doctors,nurses and other medical personnel.Of course,it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in afew weeks,no matter who pays for it.But even if you cannot close that gap,maybe you can closeothers,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned.That seems to be the case inSweden:when forced to furlough 90 percent of their cabin staff,Scandinavian Airlines decided tostart up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid off workers to support hospital staff.Theeffort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic Forum suggests_Aa controversy about the core skillsBan increase in full-time employmentCan urgent demand for new jobs skillsDa steady growth of job opportunities22.AT&T is cited to show_.Aan immediate need for government supportBan alternative to the fire-and-hire strategyCthe characteristics of reskilling programsDthe importance of staff appraisal standards.23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada_.Ahave appeared to be insufficientBhave driven up labour costsChave proved to be inconsistentDhave met with fierce oppositionJust 23 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,sowith the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 percent of our fresh produce needs.Thatis before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars,seeds and oils that provide us with thevast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in the UK would_.Abe hindered by its population growthBcontribute to the nations well-beingCbecome a priority of the governmentDpose a challenge to its framing industry27.The report by the University of Leeds shows that in the UK.Afarmland has been inefficiently utilizedBfactory-style production needs reformingCmost land is used for meat and dairy productionDmore green fields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to_.Aits farming technologyBits dietary traditionCits natural conditionsDits commercial interests29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people_.Arely largely on imports for fresh produceBenjoy a steady rise in fruit consumptionCare seeking effective ways to cut calorie intakeDare trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The authors attitude to food self-sufficiency in the UK is_.AdefensiveBdoubtfulCtolerantDoptimistic-Text 3-When Microsoft bought task management app Wunderlist and mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015,itpicked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley.Microsofts ownOffice dominates the market for productivitysoftware,but the start-ups represented a new waveof Technology designed from the ground up for the smartphone world.Both apps however,were later scrapped,after Microsoft said it had used their best features in itsown products.Their teams of engineers stayed on,making them two of the many acquihiresthatthe biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.To Microsofts critics,the fates of Wunderlist and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive byBig Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path.They bought the seedlingsand closed them down,complained Paul Arnold,a partner at San Francisco-based SwitchVentures,putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors.Microsoft declinedto comment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Arnolds own business often depends on selling start-ups tolarger tech companies,though he admits to mixed feelings about the result:I think these thingsare good for me,if I put my selfish hat on.But are they good for the American economy?1 dontknow.The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question.This week,itasked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many smallacquisitions over the past decade.Although only a research project at this stage,the request hasraised the prospect of regulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have beenbeyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than$5.5tn,rifling through such small deals-manyof them much less prominent than Wunderlist and Sunrise might seem beside the point.Between them,the five companies(Apple,Microsoft,Google,Amazon and Facebook)havespent an average of only$3.4bn a year on sub-$1bn acquisitions over the past five years-a dropin the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves,and the more than$130bn ofventure capital that was invested in the US last year.However,critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threateningpotential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum,in some casesas part of a buy and killtactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wunderlist and Sunrise afler their acquisitions?ATheir market volues declined.BTheir engineers were retained.CTheir tech features improved.DTheir prodocts were re-priced32.Microsofts critcs believe that the big tech companes tend toAExaggerate their product qualityBTreat new tech talent unfairly