2019年12月四级真题第二套.pdf

2019年12月四级真题（第2套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese.Please recommend a place to him.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 80 words Part II Section A Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.I A)Th b f 1.e num er o ma e nurses has gone down.B)There 1s小scnmmat10n agamst male nursesC)There is a gro灼ng shortage of medical personnel.D)The number of nurses has dropped to a record low2.A)Wo如ng conditions.B)Educational systemC)Inadequate pay.D)Cultural biasQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)He fell out of a lifeboatC)He lost his way on a beach4.A)The lifeboats patrol the area round the clockC)The emergency services are efficientB)He was almost drownedD)He enjoyed swimming in the seaB)The beach is a good place to watch the tideD)The beach is a popular tourist resortQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)It climbed 25 storeys at one goC)It escaped from a local zoo6.A)Release it into the wildC)Send it back to the zoo7.A)A raccoon can perform acts no human canC)The raccoon did something no politician couldB)It broke into an office roomD)It became an online starB)Return it to its ownerD)Give it a physical checkupB)A raccoon can climb much higher than a catD)The raccoon became as famous as some politiciansSection B Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.-1-8.A)She received a bonus unexpectedlyC)She received her first monthly salary9.A)Two decades agoC)Just last monthIO.A)He sent a small check to his parents C)He took a few of his friends to a gymI 1.A)Join her colleagues for gym exercise C)Buy some professional clothesB)She got a well-paying job in a bankD)She got a pay raise for her performanceB)Several years agoD)Right after graduationB)He treated his parents to a nice mealD)He immediately deposited it in a bankB)Visit her fom记r university campusD)Budget her salary carefullyQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)He has just too many伽ngs to attend toC)He has a difficult decision to make13.A)Turn to his girlfriend for assistanceC)Think twice before ma灼ng the dec1s10n14.A)His girlfriend does not support his dec1s10nC)He lacks the money for his doctoral program15.A)They need time to make preparationsC)They need to save enough money for itSection C B)He has been overworked recentlyD)He has just quarreled with his girlfriendB)Give priority to血ngs more urgentD)Seek advice from his family and advisorB)He is not particularly keen on the job offeredD)His parents and advisor have different op1monsB)They havent started their careers yetD)They havent won their parents approvalDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)Expre函ng ideas and op血ons freelyB)Enriching social and血ellectual livesC)Acqui门ng面om画on and professional knowledgeD)U匀ng面om画on to understand and solve problems17.A)Traveling to different places in the worldC)Improving mind-reading strateg氐S18.A)Participate in debates or discuss10nsC)Discard personal biases and prejudicesB)Playing games that challenge ones mindD)Rea小ng classic scientific literatureB)Expose themselves to different culturesD)Give others freedom to express themselvesQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Why dogs can be faithful friends of humansC)The reason a great many people love dogsB)The nature of relationships between dogsD)How dogs feel about their bonds with humans-2-20.A)They behave like other皿mals m many waysC)They can respond to humansquestions21.A)They stay with one partner for lifeC)They experience true romantic loveB)They have an unusual sense of responsibilityD)They can fall in love just like humansB)They have their own joys and sorrowsD)They help humans m vanous waysQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)A rare ammal23.A)Da血g itB)A historical siteB)Preserving it24.A)The channel needs to血erview the boyC)The boys family had acted correctlyC)A cow boneC)Meas叩ng itD)A precious stoneD)Identi陌ng itB)The boy should have called an expertD)The site should have been protectedB)Ask the university to reward JudeD)Seek additional funds for the search25.A)Conduct a more detailed searchC)Search for similar fossils elsewherePart III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.旧nally,some good news about airplane travel.If you are on a plane with a sick passenger,you are unlikely to get sick.That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory(呼吸道）viruses 27 on airplanes Researchers found that only people who were seated in the same row as a passenger with the flu,for exampleor one row in front of or b啦nd that individualhad a high risk of cat啦ng the illness.All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of ge山ng sick,acco咄ng to the fin小ngs.Media reports have not necessarily presented 29 infom画on about the risk of ge山ng infected on an airplane in the past.Therefore,these new fin小ngs should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to cat啦ng respiratory infections while traveling by air Prior to the new study,little was known about the risks of ge山ng31 infected by common respiratory viruses,such as the flu or common cold,on an airplane,the researchers said.So,to 32 the risks of infection,the study team flew on IO different 3 3 in the U.S.d血ng the flu season.The researchers found that passengers si山ng within two seats on 34 side of a person infected with the flu,as well as those si山ng one row in front of or behind this individual,had about an 80 percent chance of getting sick.But other passengers were 3 5 safe from infection.They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu A)accurateI)nearbyB)conclus10nJ)respondC)directlyK)slimD)eitherL)spreadE)evaluateM)summitF)explorationsN)v1v1dlyG)flights0)vulnerableH)largely-3-Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 Is Breakfast Really the Most Important Meal of the Day?A Along with old classics like carrots give you night vision and Santa doesnt b门ng toys to血sbehaving children,one of the most well-worn phrases of tired parents everywhere is that breakfast is the most important meal of the day.Many of us grow up believing that skipping breakfast is a serious mistake,even if only two thirds of adults in the UK eat breakfast regularly,acco咄ng to the British Dietetic Association,and around three-quarters of Americans B The body uses a lot of energy stores for growth and repair through the night,expl扣ns diet specialistSarah Elder.Ea血g a balanced breakfast helps to up our energy,as well as make up for protein and calcium used throughout the night.But theres widespread disagreement over whether breakfast should keep its top spot in the 加rarchy(等级）of meals.There have been concerns around the sugar content of cereal and the food industrys involvement in pro-breakfast researchand even one claim from an academic that breakfast is dangerous C Whats the reality?Is breakfast a necessary start to the day or a marke血g tactic by cereal compa血s?The most researched aspect of breakfast(and breakfast-skipping)has been its links to obesity.Scientists have different theories as to why theres a relationship between the two.In one US study that analysed the health data of 50,000 people over seven years,researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index(BMI)than those who ate a large lunch or dinner.The researchers argued that breakfast helps reduce daily calorie血ake and improve the quality of our diet匀ncebreakfast foods are often higher in fibre and nutrients D But as with any study of this 灼nd,it was unclear if that was the causeor if breakfast-skippers were just more likely to be overweight to begin with.To find out,researchers designed a study in which 52 obese women took part in a 12-weck weight loss programme.All had the same number of calories over the day,but half had breakfast,while the other half did not.What they found was that it wasnt breakfast itself that caused the participants to lose weight:it was changing their normal rou血eE If breakfast alone isnt a guarantee of weight loss,why is there a link between obesity and breakfastskipping?Alexandra Johnstone,professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen,argues that it may simply be because breakfast-skippers have been found to be less knowledgeable about nutrition and health.There are a lot of studies on the relationship between breakfast ea血g and possible health outcomes,but this may be because those who eat breakfast choose to habitually have health-e咄a的ng behaviours such as regular exercise and not smo灼ng,she says FA 2016 review of IO studies loo灼ng血o the relationship between breakfast and weight managementconcluded there is limited evidence suppo巾ng or refuting(反驳）the argument that breakfast influences weight or food血ake,and more evidence is required before breakfast recommendations can be used to help prevent obesity GResearchers from the University of Surrey and University of Aberdeen are halfway through researchloo灼ng血o the mechanisms behind how the time we eat influences body weight.Early fin小ngs suggest that a bigger breakfast is beneficial to weight control.Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight.Skipping breakfast has been associated with a 27囥ncreased risk of heart disease,a 21%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in men,and a 20%higher risk of type 2 diabetes in women.One reason may be breakfasts nutritional valuepartly because cereal is fortified(增加营养价值）with vita血ns.In one study on the breakfast habits of 1,600 young people in the UK,researchers found that the fibre and micronutrient血ake was better in those who had breakfast regularly.There have been similar findings in Australia,Brazil,Canada and the US HBreakfast is also associated with improved brain function,inclu小ng concentration and language use.Areview of 54 studies found that ea血g breakfast can improve memory,though the effects on other brain functions were inconclusive.However,one of the reviews researchers,Mary Beth Spitznagel,says there is reasonable evidence breakfast does improve concentrationthere just needs to be more research.Looking at studies that-4-tested concentration the number of studies sho灼ng a benefit was exactly the same as the number that found no benefit,she says.And d.no stu 1es found that eatmg breakfast was bad for concentrat10n I Whats most important,some argue,is what we eat for breakfast.High-protein breakfasts have beenfound particularly effective in reducing the Ion阻ng for food and consumption later in the day,according to research by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Org画sation.While cereal rem扣ns a 伍m favourite among breakfast consumers in the UK and US,a recent investigation血o the sugar content of adult breakfast cereals found that some cereals cont扣n more than three-quarters of the recommended daily amount of free sugars in each portion,and sugar was the second or third highest ingredient in cereals J But some research suggests if were going to eat sugary foods,its best to do it early.One study recruited200 obese adults to take part in a 16-week-long diet,where half added dessert to their breakfast,and half didnt Those who added dessert lost an average of 40 pounds morehowever,the study was unable to show the longterm effects.A review of 54 studies found that there is no consensus yet on what type of breakfast is healthier,and conclude that the type of breakfast doesnt matter as much as simply ea血g some血ngK While theres no conclusive evidence on exactly what we should be ea血g and when,the consensus 1sthat we should listen to our own bodies and eat when were hungry.Breakfast is most important for people who are hungry when they wake up,Johnstone says.Each body starts the day differentlyand those individual differences need to be researched more closely,Spitznagel says.A balanced breakfast is really helpful,but get血g regular meals throughout the day is more important to leave blood sugar stable through the day,which helps control weight and hunger levels,says Elder.Breakfast isnt the only meal we should be ge山ng right 36.Acco咄ng to one professor,obesity is related to a lack of basic awareness of nutrition and health3 7.Some scientists claim that people should consume the right灼nd of food at breakfast 38.Op血ons differ as to whether breakfast is the most important meal of the day3 9.It has been found that not ea血g breakfast is related to the incidence of cert扣n diseases in some countries 40.Researchers found it was a change in ea血g habits rather than breakfast itself that induced weight loss41.To keep oneself healthy,ea血g breakfast is more important than cho函ng what to eat42.It is widely considered wrong not to eat breakfast43.More research is needed to prove that breakfast is related to weight loss or food血ake44.People who prioritise breakfasts tend to have lower calorie but higher nutritional血ak