2019.12四级解析第二套.pdf

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第二套）Part I Writing向想学汉语的外国友人推荐一个地方符、审题引导(与第1套同理，故略)泞三、词汇准备“学汉语”相关的词汇及表达“(学汉语的)地方”相关的词汇及表达Mandarin n.普通话，literacy,读写能力private language school私立语言学校whave mastery of the basic rules of grammarpublic education organization公立教学机构掌握基本的语法规则online language learning communityimprove listening/speaking/reading/writing skills语言学习网络社区提升听说读写技能provide timely feedback on studentsworkmake steady progress in language proficiency及时反馈学生作业语言水平取得稳定进步a Chinese immersion course/programthe ultimate goal of speaking fluent Chinese沉浸式汉语课程/项目最终目标是说一口流利的汉语tailor classes to meet studentsneeds and their specificbe daunted by the sheer number of Chinese characterslearning styles被汉字数量之多吓到定制能满足学生需求及其特定学习风格的课程内容狩三、写作提纲第一段：问候并点明写信缘由一推荐一个学汉语的地方：孔子学院。第二段：陈述推荐原因：教师专业，教学质量有保障；活动丰富，让学生体会到中国文化的魅力；学习者众多，有机会结交一起学习的朋友。第三段：总结全文，并表达希望对方能取得进步的愿望。狩四、下笔成文满分范文参考译文Dear Mike,亲爱的迈克：DHows everything going?Last time you said you近来如何？上次你说你想要felt inclined to learn Chinese but had no clue where to学习汉语，却不知从何处下手。因start.3So Im writing to recommend a place to you-the此我写信推荐一个地方给你一孔Confucius Institute,an established language center aimed子学院，一个旨在推广汉语及中国文to promote Chinese language and culture.化的知名语言中心。The reasons for my recommendation are as我推荐（孔子学院的原因如follows.2 Firstly,this Chinese government-funded下。首先，这个由中国政府资助的educational institute is staffed by the most experienced,教育机构配备的都是最有经验、最为professional Chinese teachers,which ensures high-quality专业的汉语教师，保证了教学的高质instruction.3 You can turn to them whenever you量。在掌握声调、汉字方面如若遥encounter difficulties in mastering the tones and the到困难，可以随时求助他们。其characters.Secondly,students there are encouraged to次，孔子学院鼓励学生参与各种活take part in activities ranging from making traditional动，从制作传统美食到学习书法不food to learning calligraphy,as a means of exposing them等，以使他们了解中国文化的魅力。to the appealing aspects of Chinese culture.5Besides,此外，孔子学院现在广受两百多万the organization is now widely embraced by more than学生的欢迎。这意味着作为初学two million students.That means you arent alone as a者的你并非孤单一人，而且你还很可beginner and will probably forge deep friendships with能与其他学习者建立深厚友谊。other learners.DLearning a language from scratchwont be easy.从零开始学习一门语言并非But I.believeyoull find yourself having fun while易事。但我相信，你会在提升汉语improving your Chinese proficiency.水平的过程中发现自己乐在其中。Best wishes,此致Li Hua李华词江注释以staffstaf.任职于，在工作calligraphykaligrofn.书法instructioninstrAkJnn,指导embracembrelsu.欣然接受turn to sb求助于某人proficiencypratnsn,水平，能力encounterlnkaunto.遭遇进阶表达普通表达高级替换表达想要做某事want to do sthbe/feel inclined to do sth不知道dont know.have no idea/clue.;dont have a(n)idea/clue.与交朋友make friends with.build/forge/form friendships with.游五、写作储备While the study of Chinese may challenge you,ultimately,if youre truly motivated,theresnothing to be especially scared of!It really boils down to a determination to learn,the courage tomake mistakes,and lots and lots of practice.虽然学习中文对你来说可能是个挑战，但最重要的是，如果你真的有动力，就没有什么能让你特别惧怕的！真正归根结底的是，学习的决心、犯错误的勇气以及海量的练习。The study of the Chinese language opens the way to important fields such as Chinese politics,economy,business,history or archaeology.汉语学习打开了通往中国政治、经济、商业、历史、考古等重要领战的大门。When you can finally read and comprehend a Chinese sentence or write a string of charactersto communicate your point,its a triumphant feeling.当你最终能够阅读并理解一个中文句子，或者能够写一串文字来表达观点时，你就会感到胜利的喜悦。Whether you are new to studying the Chinese language,or are working hard to master it,Peking University offers a diverse range of courses that cater to all language abilities.无论你是刚开始学中文，还是正朝着精通这门语言的方向芬力，北京大学提供的课程种类多:样，适合各种语言水平的人。游六、高分模板(参见本次考试第1套)付是头学来图己国Part II Listening Comprehension:0Section A.合1News Report One英国呼吁增加男性护士数量持仁、听前预测1.A)The number of male nurses has gone down.2.A)Working conditions.B)There is discrimination against male nurses.B)Educational system.C)There is a growing shortage of medical personnel.C)Inadequate pay.D)The number of nurses has dropped to a record low.D)Cultural bias.看选项关键词预测问题1.各项核心义“男护士数量下降/遭歧视”“医疗人员短缺”“护士人数创史低”体现某问题，且A、C、D均与数量有关，故推测本题询问医疗领域某个堪忧现象/问题，听时应尤其注意人数下降的相关内容。2.C、D中的“（工资）不足”、“（文化）偏见”均有负面含义，结合上题可大胆推测本题询问造成某负面现象的原因。看选项复现词预测主题选项复现了(male)nurses、medical personnel等与医疗人员相关的词汇表达，推测本文主题为护士/医疗人员的相关负面现象（很可能与人手短缺有关），且论及现象根源。游三、录音分析I The British government has called for more men to consider a career in nursing.介绍新闻事件“英国政府已号召更多男性从事护理工作”。话语标记词：The British government。.核心语义词：more men to consider a career in nursing。.The British government后稍停顿，明确新闻论述对象的同时，引出政府呼吁；has called for重读表明此为政府“已有举措”，下面很可能要对举措背景/原因进行介绍；more men、(to)consider、(a)career innursing均重读，且节奏性停顿，提示抓取并梳理举措内容：号召更多男性考虑当护士.IIFigures show the number of male nurses has fallen in the last three years.Now,thenumber of men working in the nursing sector has reached a seven-year low.指出政府呼吁原因“男护士人数不断减少、创下七年新低”。话语标记词：the number of malenurses.,the number of men working in the nursing sector.,。核心语义词：fallen.a seven-year low.句介绍近年情况“男护士人数不断减少”。Figures show拖音并停顿，提示注意数据体现的现象；male nurses、fallen、last three years重读凸显语义重点“男护士人数过去三年间不断诚少”。句指出当前严峻形势“男护士人数创下七年新低”。Men和sector后均停顿，分别提醒考生注意抓取其后“哪一类男性”及“护理行业男性的具体情况”相关信息，a seven-year low重读凸显形势严峻Numbers of male nurses increased between 2011 and 2014 and reached a peak of 7168.Thisfigure has dropped to only 6924 in 2017.借具体数据体现英国男护士人数近年变化。话语标记词：Numbers of male nurses.This figure。核心语义词：increased.,dropped,.句指出前些年英国男护士人数的增长情况。urses后停顿，提示引出关于男护士数量变化的说明；increased升调且停顿，引出人数增长的时间段，而2011and2014前后的停顿则令该时间段进一步得到凸显；peak与数字7168分别重读，突出重点信息“男护士人数峰值”。句与上句形成数据上的对比，表明当前英国男护士人数下降。has dropped降调并且之后停顿，提示引出降值；数字6924重读，形成与上句“男护士人数峰值”的对比。IThe UK Health Secretary said:This is clearly a cultural problem,and probably one thatexists in many parts of the world.But we can make efforts to change that now.We want topersuade males to think about career options of going into nursing.There is absolutely no reasonwhy men cant go into this profession.引述英国卫生大臣的说法，对该现象作出解释并提出政府计划。话语标记词：The UK HealthSecretary said.,But。核心语义词：a cultural problem.can make efforts to change.,persuademales.no reason why men cant.句首先对该现象定性：是个普遍存在的文化问题。sd后停顿，引出卫生大臣的具体说法；clearly、cultural problem重读，且cultural语调特别，凸显对该问题的定性；one其后停顿，引出较长修饰语（其中many重读，强调问题的普遍性）。句介绍政府态度：欲说服男性加入护理行业、改变这一现象。Bt升调并在之后停顿，引出政府的“迎难而上”态度：we重读强调政府的信心；make efforts.,change that now的“升一降”语调使重点落在“改变”之上，凸显政府态度；males之后停顿，引出政府希望说服男性具体去做什么；thinkabout.nursing语调突然上扬、语气变得欢快（其中nursing重读），强调“护士职业”值得男士追求。句进一步体现政府态度坚决。Absolutely与no reason分别重读（后者语气更重）、cant go intothis profession一词一顿，两者共同明确政府坚决态度：男性不能当护士毫无道理。V The Health Secretary said that the government already has plans to attract a more variedworkforce into nursing.She stated:We are leading the way on workforce planning.We will become thefirst nation in Europe to publish a national health and care workforce plan.:关心第继续引述卫生大臣并介绍英国政府计划。话语标记词：The Health Secretary said.,We areleading.,We will become.。核心语义词：plans to attract a more varied workforce.,workforceplanning.first nation in Europe.a national health and care workforce plan.句指出政府已有“增加男护士数量”的具体计划。sd之后短暂停顿，引出卫生大臣的进一步说法；government already has plans一词一顿并重读，说明政府已做好充分准备，其后停顿则提示引出具体计划，并借重读的more varied workforce得以明确。句介绍政府在这个议题上的当前情况及目标。stated其后停顿，引出卫生大臣的陈述；workforce planning、.workforce plan均重读，提示信息重点“劳动力规划”；leading the way、the first nationin Europe分别拖音重读，突出英国政府的勃勃雄心“劳动力规划方面欧洲领先、健康保健劳动力的规划方面（也）将成为先锋”。问题分析返时银心总取耐Q1:What problem is Britain facing?Q2:What is the cause of the problem,according to the UK Health Secretary?Ql:problem(其后停顿)和Britain重读明确题干所问“英国的问题”Q2:cause of the problem和UK Health Secretary重读明确题干询问“卫生大臣所认为的问题根源”。持三、试题精解1.英国正面临什么问题？A)男护士人数下降。C)医疗人员日益短缺。B)存在对男护士的歧视。D)护士人数创下历史最低。设题要点开篇处。答案精析A)。A)契合新闻开篇信息“数据显示英国男护士人数在过去三年间下降”。B)将IV段英国卫生大臣表态“人们认为男性不应从事护理行业”当作问题本身，但这其实是问题的原因。C)、D)虽然符合文中fallen、a seven-year low、dropped等个别表述，但并未正确体现原文关注对象“男护士”(即：医疗人员总体未必短缺、护土总人数未必下降)。2.英国卫生大臣认为该问题的根源是什么？A)工作条件。C)工资不足。B)教育体制。D)文化偏见。设题要点人物引述兼强调处(clearly、absolutely).。答案精析D)。D)+题干符合IV段英国卫生大臣的说法“男护士短缺是一个文化问题、（实际上)男性不能做护士（的想法）毫无道理”所表明的“人们对男护士有文化上的偏见”。A、B、C均根据常识捏造，缺乏原文信息支撑。符四、全文翻译英国政府已呼吁更多男性考虑从事护理行业。数据显示，男护士人数在过去三年间下降了。目前，从事护理行业工作的男性人数已降至七年内最低。2011至2014年间，男护士人数取得增长，达到了7168的峰值。这一数字在2017年降至仅6924。英国卫生大臣说道：“这显然是一个文化问题，全球许多地方可能都有这个问题。但是我们现在可以努力去改变它。我们想敦促男性考虑护理行业这一职业选择。男性不能从事这一行业是毫无道理的。”卫生大臣表示，政府已有计划为护理行业引进更具多样性的劳动力。她说：“我们在劳动力规划方面处于领先地位。我们将成为欧洲首个颁布全国健康保健劳动力计划的国家。”News Report Two利比亚男子险被潮水吞噬滋、听前预测3.A)He fell out of a lifeboat.4.A)The lifeboats patrol the area round the clockB)He was almost drowned.B)The beach is a good place to watch the tide.C)He lost his way on a beach.C)The emergency services are efficient.D)He enjoyed swimming in the seaD)The beach is a popular tourist resort.5看选项关键词预测问题3.四项主语均为He,前三项谓语fel、was(almost)drowned、lost(his way)均为瞬间动词，描述其遇到的意外事故，仅末项为延续性动词，说明其（过去的）喜好；各项细节信息lifeboat、drowned、beach、sa提示地点可能为“海边”；结合“体裁（新闻）”以及“听力选题特点（多意外、奇趣等）”，综合判断题目可能问及新闻事件，即与海边意外相关的某男士信息，开场时注意区别是何种意外。4.后三项good、efficient、popular明示选项为“主观评判性内容（且方向皆为赞赏）”，据此可推断A项也属于“评判”(round the clock此处是对救生船执勤力度的描述)，综合判断该题可能问及新闻中某个人物的看法（对某事/情况很满意），结合3题推测评判与事故相关，事故可能完满化解，听时注意抓取“结局好/救援成功的原因”相关信息。看选项复现词预测主题选项中频繁出现的lifeboats、.beach、sca、tide以及emergency service一同指向新闻地点“海（滩）”以及新闻事件“（关于某男子的）海上事故和救援”。特二、录音分析I A man from Libya was enjoying a walk along the sands at Southport beach.When he wasabout half a mile out from the dock,he felt a bit tired.So he lay down and fell asleep.But the tideswept in quickly at the beach.And the man was shocked to wake up and find the tide had come inand completely surrounded him,cutting him off from the shore.总述新闻事件：利比亚男子在南港海滩睡觉遇潮水上涨险溺水。话语标记词：a man from Libya.,at Southport beach.When.,.So.,But the tide.,And the man.。核心语义词：enjoying a walk.lay down.fell asleep.swept in pletely surrounded.cutting him off.句叙述事件起因：男子海滩漫步、疲惫睡去。句叙述男子如何到达海滩。man from Libya重读，强调本条新闻关注的核心人物，enjoying awalk、sands、Southport beach重读，明确其行动和处所。句说明男子因何遇险。句about后停顿，half a mile一词一顿，强调发生事故的位置。tired重读，强调事故发生前的第一个关键节点：散步途中感到疲惫。句lay down后稍作停顿，asleep重读，凸显事故发生前的第二个关键节点：在海滩上昏昏睡去。句详述事故的发生：男子遇险。句叙述事故如何发生。But提示语义重点，the tide swept in quickly at the beach一词一顿，强调事故发生的起点：潮水涌上海滩。此后播报员语速加快，而仅在shocked、wake up、find、come in、surrounded几个词语处放缓、重读，凸显事故发生的几个关键节点：男子惊醒、潮水涌上海滩、将其包围。cutting himoff from the shore(cut off意为“切断的去路/来路”)一词一顿，凸显男子已脱离陆地、陷人险境。Il.Fortunately for him,the beach life guards were quickly on the scene to stop him fromdrowning.They acted professionally to ensure the man was comfortable until an ambulance arrived.He was then taken to hospital.He is now in a stable condition.详述男子被救过程及后续。话语标记词：Fortunately for him.,until.,then.now.。核心语stop him from drowning.man was comfortable.ambulance arrived.taken to hospital.in astable condition。句叙述男子如何被救。句fortunately重读，强调事件发生转折：救援人员化险为夷。quickly.、stop.drowning分别重读，且to前停顿，强调救授人员反应“迅速”及救援结果“成功”。句professionally重读，凸显救援行动的专业性；comfortable语调上扬且微顿，提示语义未完，从until(提示时间分水岭)开始一词一顿重读，凸显海滩救援结束后，另一项应急服务的展开：救护车抵达现场救援。6