2021年12月大学英语4级（卷三）.pdf

2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:Suppose you have丿ust participated in a school project of collecting used books on campus.You are now to write a report about the project,which may include its aim,organizers,participants and activities.You will have 30 minutes to write the report.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)说明：2021年12月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力。本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。Part III Section A Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The sheets are damp with sweat.Youre cold,but your heart is racing as if a killer just chased you down a dark street.It was just a nightmare,you tell yourself;theres nothing to be afraid of.But youre still filled with_lL.Given how unsettling and haunting nightmares can be,is there a way for dreamers to D._,or even turn off,these bad dreams as they happen?Research is-1.L_,but some studies suggest that people who can master lucid dreaming-that is,the ab山ty to be_22_that a nightmare is happening and possibly even control it without waking upmay hold the _J_Q_.Nightmares are part of the human experience,especially for kids.Doctors_ll_dont consider occasional nightmares a problem.They can just be symptoms of a sleep disorder that can _lL from an unpleasant experience,stress,or certain drugs.To treat the disorder,there are a number of medicines and therapies that are backed by _TI_research,according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine,which analyzed the available research on the treatment of nightmare disorder in a recent;H_published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine However,nightmares are complicated,and researchers are still struggling to understand them,said Dr.Rachel Salas,an expert on sleep disorders and an associate professor at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore.What we do know is that people_lL to have different kinds of nightmares at different points during the sleep cycle.2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 第1页共 8页 by:A)amountI)mechanicalB)answerJ)resultC)avoidK)reviewD)awareL)rigorousE)departM)tendF)drastically N)timidityG)fear0)typically 芒limitedSection B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why it matters that teens are reading less A)Most of us spend much more time with digital media than we did a decade ago.Buttodays teens have grown up with smartphones.Compared with teens a couple ofdecades ago,the way they interact with traditional media like books and movies isfundamentally different.B)Analysis of surveys of over one million teens in the United States collected since 1976reveals a major shift in how teens are spending their leisure time.Paper books are beingignored,in favor of screens.D屯ital devices are changing other behaviors,too.Moreand more,young people choose spending time on their electronic devices over engagingin other activities,regardless of the type.Indeed,by 2016,the average American highschool senior said they spent six hours a day writing text messages,on social media,and online during their free time.And that covers just three activities,and if otherdigital media activities were included,that estimate would no doubt rise.C)Teens did not always spend that much time with digital media.Online time has doubledsince 2006,and social media use has moved from a periodic activity to a daily one in thesame period.By 2016,nearly nine out of ten young women in the 12th grade said they visited social media sites every day.Meanwhile,time spent playing video games rosefrom under an hour a day to an hour and a half on average.One out of ten American 8thgrade students in 2016 spent 40 hours a week or more playing video games.Let meemphasize that this is equal to the time most adults spend per week at work.2021 年 12 月英语四级真题第 3套 第 2 页共 8 页 D)If teens are spending so much time using electronic devices,does that mean they haveto give up some other activities?Maybe not.Over the years,many scholars haveinsisted that time online does not necessarily take away time spent engaging withtraditional media or on other activities.Some people,they argue,are just moreinterested in certain kinds of media and entertainment.Thus,using more of one type ofmedia does not necessarily mean less of the other.E)That may be true,but that still does not tell us much about what happens across a wholegeneration of people when time spent on digital media grows.Large surveys conductedover the course of many years tell us that American youth are not going to the cinemanearly as often as they did in the past.While 70 percent of 8th and 10th grade studentsused to go to the movies once a month or more,now only about half do this.More andmore,watching a movie is something teens choose to do on their electronic devices.Why is this a problem?One reason is that going to the cinema is generally a socialactivity.Now,watching movies is something that most teens do alone.This fits a largerpattern.In another analysis,researchers found that todays teens go out with their扣ends much less often than previous generations did.F)But the trends related to movies are less disturbing compared with the change in howteens spend their time.Research has revealed an eno皿ous decline in reading.In 1980,about 60 percent of senior high school students said they read a book,newspaper ormagazine every day that was not assigned for school.By 2016,only 16 percent did.This is a huge drop and it is important to note that this was not merely a decline inreading paper books,newspapers or magazines.The survey allowed for readingmaterials on a digital device.G)Indeed,the number of senior high school students who said they had not read anybooks for pleasure in the last year was one out of three by 2016.That is triple thenumber from two decades ago.For todays youth,books,newspapers and magazineshave less and less of a presence in their daily lives.Of course,teens are still readingBut they are generally reading short texts.Most of them are not reading long articles orbooks that explore deep themes and require critical thinking and reflection.Perhaps notaccidentally,in 2016 reading scores were the lowest they have ever been since 1972.H)This might present problems for young people later on.When high school students goon to college,their past and cu订ent reading habits will influence their academicperformance.Imagine going from reading texts as short as one or two sentences totrying to read entire books written in complex language and containing sophisticatedideas.Reading and comprehending longer books and chapters takes practice,andAmerican teens are no longer getting that practice.I)So how can this problem be solved?Should parents and teachers take away teens2021 年 12 月英语四级真题第 3 套 第 3 页共 8 页 smartphones and replace them with paper books?Probably not.Research has shown that smartphones are currently American teens main form of social communication.This means that,without a smartphone,teens are likely to feel isolated from their peers However,that does not mean teens need to use electronic devices as often as they do now.Data connecting excessive d屯ital media time to mental health issues suggests a limit of two hours a day of free time spent with screens,a restriction that will also allow time for other activitieslike going to the movies with friends or reading longer,more complicated texts.J)The latter is especially important.I would argue that of all the changes brought about bythe widespread use of digital devices,the huge decline in reading is likely to have thebiggest negative impact on todays teens because reading books and longer articles isone of the best ways to learn critical thinking.It helps people to understand complexissues and to separate fact from fiction.Thus,deep reading is crucial for being a goodcitizen,a successful college student and a productive employee.If serious reading d比s,a lot will go with it.36.Many years surveys reveal that young people in America are going to the cinema muchless often than they used to.37.Survey analysis shows American teens now spend their leisure time on digital devicesrather than reading printed books.38.The number of senior high schoolers not reading books for pleasure in a year increasedthree times over 20 years.39.Many scholars claim that spending time on electronic devices doesnt necessarily meana decrease of time for other activities.40.Most people spend much more time interacting with d屯ital media than they did tenyears ago.41.The author claims that it will be a great loss if we no longer read books and longer articles.42.Over a decade or so,American teenssocial media use shifted from an occasionalactivity to a routine one.43.A more disturbing trend in America today is that teens are spending far less timereading than around four decades ago.44.Some five years ago,high school seniors in America generally spent more than sixhours a day on electronic devices.45.It was found that American youngsters today dont socialize nearly as much as theearlier generations.2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 第4页共8页Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked AJ,BJ,CJ and DJ You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Have you ever wondered how acceptable it is to hug or touch someone?While it may sound safe to avoid all physical contact so as not to offend anyone,the lack of touching 血ght imply cold attitudes or indifference in interpersonal relationships.So,what should we do?The simple answer is to thoroughly learn unique cultural norms for physical contact.In nonverbal communication terminology(术语），physical contact and the study of touching are generally referred to as haptics Haptics in communication often suggest the level of intimacy.They are usually classified into two groups:high-contact and low-contact.Asia and quite surprisingly the United States,Canada and Britain belong to low-contact cultures.People from the rest of the world,such as Latin America,are considered to be in high-contact cultures,where they tend to expect touching in social interactions and feel more comfortable with physical closeness.Despite the classification,there are more complex factors such as relational closeness,gender,age,and context that can affect how someone views physical contact.One common French custom of greetings is cheek-kissing,but it is mostly restricted to 加nds,close acquaintances and family members.While cheek-kissing for Latin Americans is also a universal greeting form,it does not require such a high degree of relational closeness.However,gender matters more for them because check-kissing often only happens between women or a man and a woman but not two men.In contrast,in certain Arabian,African,and Asian countries,men can publicly hold hands or show physical affection as signs of brotherhood or friendship while these behaviors may suggest a romantic relationship in other parts of the world.Although mens touching is more normal in these cultures,physical contact between persons of opposite sexes who are not family members is negatively perceived in Arabian countries.These factors could definitely affect the degree to which someone is comfortable with tactile（触觉的）communication and physical intimacy.Therefore,if you are someone who loves to show physical affection,you should not be afraid to show it or drastically change your behaviors just ask for consent beforehand!2021 年 12 月英语四级真题第 3 套 第 5 页共 8 页 46.What does the author say in the first paragraph about physical contact?A)Its role in interpersonal relationships is getting increasingly importantB)It is becoming more acceptable to many who used to think it offensiveC)Its absence might suggest a lack of warmth in interpersonal relationshipsD)It might prompt different responses from people of different social backgrounds4 7.What does physical contact in communication suggest?A)What social class people belong toB)How civilized the communicators are.C)What family background people come fromD)How close the communicators relationships are.48.What do we learn about people in high-contact cultures?A)They are sensitive to the way people express their emotionsB)They take touching as a cultural norm in social interactions.C)They attach great importance to close ties among peopleD)They tend to be more open in interpersonal relationships49.What do we learn about social customs in Arabian countries?A)Men can show friendship in public through physical affectionB)Non-traditional romantic relationships are simply unacceptableC)Physical contact between unfamiliar people is negatively perceivedD)People of different ages and genders show affection in different ways50.What does the author tell us to do concerning tactile communication?A)Lay emphasis on nonverbal communication.B)Learn to use appropriate body language firstC)Pay attention to the differences between genders.D)Take other peoples preference into consideration.Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.From climate change to the ongoing pandemic(大流行病）and beyond,the issues facing todays world are increasingly complex and dynamic.Yet solving problems like these requires new approaches that extend beyond traditional ways of thinking.A study led by Yale Professor of Psychology,Paul OKeefe,found that having a growth mindset（思维倾向）of interest may spark this type of innovation Professor OKeefe established in earlier stud比s that people hold different beliefs about the nature of interest.Those with a growth mindset of interest tend to believe that interests can be developed and cultivated,while those with a fixed mindset of interest tend to believe that interests are inherent（与生俱有的）and simply need to be found.Building on these 2021年12月英语四级真题第3套 第6页共8页findings,the latest research examined how a growth mindset of interest can boost integrative thinking across the traditional disciplinary boundaries of arts and sciences.For example,in one task,research participants were instructed to create new college majors by combining two or more existi