2016.06六级第3套试题【可复制可搜索打印首选】.pdf

Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank砌re than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fearman-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass.As robots take on ever more complex roles,the question naturally 26:Who will be responsible when they do something wrong?Manufacturers?Users?Software writers?The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time,money and energy.In the future,they will improve our health care,social welfare and standard of living.The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled,29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots,from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems.Robot cars will crash.A drone(遥控飞行器）operator will 31 someones privacy.A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbors cat.Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages.What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big,complicated systems on which much public safety depends,like driverless cars,should be built,35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)7 2 20 01 16 6年6月英语六级考试试题第年6月英语六级考试试题第3套3套accidents.Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturers driving record,not the passengers.2 0 1 6 年6 月英语六级考试试题第3 套P a r t I I(3 0 m i n u t e s)L i s t e n i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n c c e c c e E c c c c )P a r t I I I(4 0 m i n u t e s)R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nS e c t i o n AD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,t h e r e i s a p a s s a g e w i t h t e n b l a n k s.Y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n e w o r d f o re a c h b l a n k f r o m a l i s t o f c h o i c e s g i e n i n a w o r d b a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e R e a d t h ep a s s a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u l l y b e f o r e m a k i n g y o u r c h o i c e s.E a c h c h o i c e i n t h e b a n k i s i d e n t i f i e db y a l e t t e r.P l e a s e m a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r f o r e a c h i t e m o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2 w i t h as i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o u m a y n o t u s e a n y o f t h e w o r d s i n t h e b a n k m o r e t h a n o n c e.T h e r o b o t i c s r e v o l u t i o n i s s e t t o b r i n g h u m a n s f a c e t o f a c e w i t h a n o l d f e a r m a n-m a d ec r e a t i o n s a s s m a r t a n d c a p a b l e a s w e a r e b u t w i t h o u t a m o r a l c o m p a s s.A s r o b o t s t a k e o n e v e r m o r ec o m p l e x r o l e s,t h e q u e s t i o n n a t u r a l l y 2 6:W h o w i l l b e r e s p o n s i b l e w h e n t h e y d o s o m e t h i n gw r o n g?M a n u f a c t u r e r s?U s e r s?S o f t w a r e w r i t e r s?T h e a n s w e r d e p e n d s o n t h e r o b o t.R o b o t s a l r e a d y s a v e u s t i m e,m o n e y a n d e n e r g y.I n t h e f u t u r e,t h e y w i l l i m p r o v e o u r h e a l t h c a r e,s o c i a l w e l f a r e a n d s t a n d a r d o f l i v i n g.T h e 2 7 o f c o m p u t a t i o n a l p o w e r a n d e n g i n e e r i n g a d v a n c e sw i l l 2 8 e n a b l e l o w e r-c o s t i n-h o m e c a r e f o r t h e d i s a b l e d,2 9 u s e o f d r i v e r l e s s c a r s t h a t m a yr e d u c e d r u n k-a n d d i s t r a c t e d-d r i v i n g a c c i d e n t s a n d c o u n t l e s s h o m e a n d s e r v i c e-i n d u s t r y u s e s f o rr o b o t s,f r o m s t r e e t c l e a n i n g t o f o o d p r e p a r a t i o n.B u t t h e r e a r e 3 0 _ t o b e p r o b l e m s.R o b o t c a r s w i l l r a s h.A d r o n e （遥控飞行器）o p e r a t o r w i l l3 1 s o m e o n e s p r i v a c y.A r o b o t i c l a w n m o w e r w i l l r u n o v e r a n e i g h b o r s c a t.J u r i e s s y m p a t h e t i ct o t h e 3 2 o f m a c h i n e s w i l l p u n i s h e n t r e p r e n e u r s w i t h c o m p a n y-c r u s h i n g 3 3 a n d d a m a g e s.W h a t s h o u l d g o v e r n m e n t s d o t o p r o t e c t p e o p l e w h i l e 3 4 s p a c e f o r i n n o v a t i o n?B i g,c o m p l i c a t e d s y s t e m s o n w h i c h m u c h p u b l i c s a f e t y d e p e n d s,l i k e d r i v e r l e s s c a r s,s h o u l d b eb u i l t,3 5 a n d s o l d b y m a n u f a c t u r e r s w h o t a k e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r e n s u r i n g s a f e t y a n d a r e l i a b l e f o ra c c i d e n t s.G o v e r n m e n t s s h o u l d s e t s a f e t y r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d t h e n l e t i n s u r e r s p r i c e t h e r i s k o f t h er o b o t s b a s e d o n t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s d r i v i n g r e c o r d,n o t t h e p a s s e n g e r s.A)arisesI)manifestingB)ascendsJ)penaltiesC)boundK)preservingD)combinationL)programmedE)definiteM)proximatelyF)eventuallyN)victimsG)interfere0)widespreadH)invadeSection B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs A Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurancepremiums.They need to know if reform will help solve the problem.The answer is that no onehas an easy fix for rising medical costs.The fundamental fixreshaping how care is deliveredand how doctors are paid in a wasteful,abnormal systemis likely to be achieved only throughtrial and error and incremental(渐进的）gains.B The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the SenateFinance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise inmedical costs over the long term.As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded,Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days iscontained in these measures.C Medical spending,which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy,is propelledby two things:the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume ofunnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals,which often perform a lot more tests andtreatments than a patient really needs.D Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address thoseproblems,and why it is hard to know how well they will work.A)a r i s e sI)m a n i f e s t i n gB)a s e c e n d sJ)p n a l t i e sC)b o u n dK)p r e s e v i n gL)p r o g r a m m e dD)c o m b i n a t i o nE)d e f i t eM)p r o x i m a t e l yN)v c t i m sF)e v e n t u a l l yO)w i d e p r e a dG)i n t e r f e r eH)i n v a dS e c t i o n BD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o u a r e g o i n g t o r e a d a p a s s a g e w i t h t e n s t a t e m e n t s a t t a c h e d t o i t.E a c hs t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n i n o n e o f t h e p a r a g r a p h s.I d e n t i f y t h e p a r a g r a p h.f r o mw h i c h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e r i v e d.Y o u m a y c h o o s e a p a r a g r a p h m o r e t h a n o n c e.E a c hp a r a g r a p h i s m a r k e d w i t h a l e t t e r.A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e ro n,A n s w e r S h e e t 2.R e f o r m a n d M e d i c a l C o s t s A A m e r i c a n s a r e d e e p l y c o n c e r n e d a b o u t t h e r e l e n t l e s s r i s e i n h e a l t h c a r e c o s t s a n d h e a l t h i n s u r a n c ep r e m i u m s.T h e y n e e d t o k n o w i f r e f o r m w i l l h e l p s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m.T h e a n s w e r i s t h a t n o o n eh a s a n e a s y f i x f o r r i s i n g m e d i c a l c o s t s.T h e f u n d a m e n t a l f i x r e s h a p i n g h o w c a r e i s d e l i v e r e da n d h o w d o c t o r s a r e p a i d i n a w a s t e f u l,a b n o r m a l s y s t e m i s l i k e l y t o b e a c h i e v e d o n l y t h r o u g ht r i a l a n d e r r o r a n d i n c r e m m e n t a l（渐进的）g a i n s.B T h e g o o d n e w s i s t h a t a b i l l j u s t a p p r o v e d b y t h e H o u s e a n d a b i l l a p p r o v e d b y t h e S e n a t eF i n a n c e C o m m i t t e e w o u l d i m p l e m e n t o r t e s t m a n y r e f o r m s t h a t s h o u l d h e l p s l o w t h e r i s e i nm e d i c a l c o s t s o v e r t h e l o n g t e r m.A s a r e p o r t i n T h e N e w E n g l a n d J o u r n a l o f M e d i c i n e c o n c l u d e d,P r e t t y m u c h e v e r y p r o p o s e d i n n o v a t i o n f o u n d i n t h e h e a l t h p o l i c y l i t e r a t u r e t h e s e d a y s i sc o n t a i n e d i n t h e s e m e a s u r e s.C M e d i c a l s p e n d i n g,w h i c h t y p i c a l l y r i s e s f a s t e r t h a n w a g e s a n d t h e o v e r a l l e c o n o m y,i s p r o p e l l e db y t w o t h i n g s:t h e h i g h p r i c e s c h a r g e d f o r m e d i c a l s e r v i c e s i n t h i s c o u n t r y a n d t h e v o l u m e o fu n n e c e s s a r y c a r e d e l i v e r e d b y d o c t o r s a n d h o s p i t a l s,w h i c h o f t e n p e r f o m a l o t m o r e t e s t s a n dt r e a t m e n t s t h a n a p a t i e n t r e a l l y n e e d s.D H e r e a r e s o m e o f t h e i m p o r t a n t p r o p o s a l s i n t h e H o u s e a n d S e n a t e b i l l s t o t r y t o a d d r e s s t h o s ep r o b l e m s,a n d w h y i t i s h a r d t o k n o w h o w w e l l t h e y w i l l w o r k.E Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals,nursinghomes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made inother industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work.This proposalcould save Medicare more than$100 billion over the next decade.If private plans demandedsimilar productivity savings from providers,and refused to let providers shift additional costs tothem,the savings could be much larger.Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and letinefficient providers off the hook(放过）.That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adoptsstrong pay-go rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxesor budget cuts.F The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax(消费税）on health insurance plans that costmore than$8,000 for an individual or$21,000 for a family.It would most likely cause insurersto redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold.Enrollees would have to pay more money for manyservices out of their own pockets,and that would encourage them to think twice about whether anexpensive or redundant test was worth it.Economists project that most employers would shiftmoney from expensive health benefits into wages,The House bill has no si血lar tax.The finallegislation should.G Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers,or patients who havetried to understand their own parade of statements,know that simplification ought to save money.When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts,its trade group offeredto provide standardized forms for automated processing.It estimated that step would savehundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade.The bills would lock that pledge into law.H The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient,paper-driven medical system toelectronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted.This requires open investments tohelp doctors convert.In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests,preventing drug interactions,and helping doctors find the best treatments.I Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service systemdoctors are rewarded for the quantity ofcare rather than its quality or effectivenessis a primary reason that the cost of care is so high.Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particularillness or for a patients needs over a year.No one knows how to make that happen quickly.Thebills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare.They include such measures asaccountable care organizations to take charge of a patients needs with an eye on both cost andquality,and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill,who are responsible for thebulk of all health care costs,are treated properly.For the most part,these experiments rely onincentive payments to get doctors to try them.J Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and thebad ones are dropped.The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor thepilot programs and recommend changes in Medicares payment policies to urge providers to adopt E B o t h b i l l s w o u l d r e d u c e t h e r a t e o f g r o w t h i n a n n u a l M e d i c a r e p a y m e n t s t o h o s p i t a l s,n u r s i n gh o m e s a n d o t h e r p r o v i d e r s b y a m o u n t s c o m p a r a b l e t o t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y s a v i n g s r o u t i n e l y m a d e i no t h e r i n d u s t r i e s w i t h t h e h e l p o f n e w t e c h n o l o g i e s a n d n e w w a y s t o o r g a n i z e w o r k.T h i s p r o p o s a lc o u l d s a v e M e d i c a r e m o r e t h a n$1 0 0 b i l l i o n o v e r t h e n e x t d e c a d e.I f p r i v a t e p l a n s d e m a n d e ds i m i l a r p r o d u c t i v i t y s a v i n g s f r o m p r o v i d e r s,a n d r e f u s e d t o l e t p r o v i d e r s s h i f t a d d i t i o n a l c o s t s t ot h e m,t h e s a v i n g s c o u l d b e m u c h l a r g e r.C r i t i c s s a y C o n g r e s s w i l l g i v e i n t o l o b b y i s t s a n d l e ti n e f f i c i e n t p r o v i d e r s o f/h e h o o h （放过）.T h a t i s f a r l e s s l i k e l y t o h a p p e n i f C o n g r e s s a l s o a d o p t ss t r o n g p a y-g o r u l e s r e q u i r i n g t h a t a n y i n c r e a s e i n p a y m e n t s t o p r o v i d e r s b e o f f s e t b y n e w t a x e so r b u d g e t c u t s.【F】T h e S e n a t e F i n a n c e b i l l w o u l d i m p o s e a n e x c i s e t a x（消费税）o n h e a l t h i n s u r a n c e p l a n s t h a t c o s tm o r e t h a n$8,0 0 0 f