2011年英语二.pdf

2011考研英语高题Section I Use of EngishDirections:Read the folowing text.Choose the best word(s)for each nummbered blank and mark A,B,Cor Don ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter asa bodily exercise precious to heath.But1some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitnessLaughter does2short-term changes in the fuction of the heart and its blood vessels,3_he art rate andoxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to 4,a good laugh isunlikely to have5benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does.6,insteadof straining muscles to build them,asexercise does,laughter apparentyaccomplishes the7 studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter8musdes,ecreasing msce tone for up to45minues after the augh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help_9the effectsof psychological stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10feedback,that improve anndividuals emotional state.11 one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partiallyrooted12physicalreactions.It was argued atthe end of the 19th century that humans do notcry13they are sad but they be come sadwhen the tears begn to flow.Although sadness aso14_tears,evidence suggests thatemotions can flow15muscularreonses.In anexperiment published in 198,socal psychologist Fritz Strack of theUniversity of wurzburg in Germany asked volunteers to16apeneither with their teeth-therebycreating an artificial smile-or with their ips,which would produce a(n)17 expressionThose forced to exercise their enthusiastically to fumny catoons than did those whose months werecontracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the othe:way around 20,the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong B Jexcept Cdespite Dlike2.Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3.Astabitizing B boosting Cimpairing Dde termining4.Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5.Ameasurable B manageable Caffordable Drenewable6.AIn turn B IIn fact CInaddition DIIn brief7.Aopposte Bimpossible Claverage Dexpected8.Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravate B generate Cmoderate Denhance10.A physical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal11.A JExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12.A with B on Cin Dat13.A unless Bunti Cif Dbecause14.A exhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15.A Jinto B from Ctowards Dbeyond16.A fetch B bite Cpick Dhold17.A disappointed B excited Cljoyful Ddifferent18.A adapted Bcatered Ctumed Dreacted19.A suggesting Brequiring Cmentioning Dsupposing20.A JEventually BConsequenty CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the folowing four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,Cor D).Mark you answers onANSWER SHEET1.(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Phitharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden amouncementof his appointment in2009.For the most part,the response has been favorable,to say the least.Hooray!At last!wrote A nthory Tommasni,a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as sucha surprise,however,is that Gilbert iscomparatively litde known.Even Tommasini,who had advocated Gilberts appTimes,calls himan urpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conda description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led tDguardedagainst.29.It canbe inferred from the last paragraph thatA Jtop performers used to cing to their posts.BJyaty of top performersis getting ou-dated.C top performers care more about reputationsDIts safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the folowing is the best title for the text?A CEOs:Where to Go?BCEOs:AIl the WayUp?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDJThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.No longer.While traditionalpaidmedia-such as television commercials and print advertisements-still playamajor role,companies today can exploit many alternative forms of meda.Consumers passionateabout a product may createownedmedia by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales tocustomers registered with its Web site.The way consumers now approach the broad range of factorsbeyond conventional paid media.Paid andowned media are controlled by marketers promoting ther own products.For earnedmedia,such marketers actas the initiator for usersresponses.But in some cases,one marketerowned media become another marketers paid media-for instance,when ane-commerce retailersells ad space onits Web site.We define such sold media as ownedmedia whose traffic is so strongthat other organizations place ther content or e-commerce engines within that environment.Thistrend,which we believe is still in its infancy,effectively began with retailers and travelproviderssuch as airlines and hotels and wil no doubt go further.Johnson Jomnson,for example,hascreated BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and evencompetitive products.B esides generating income,the presence of other marketmobcive,gives companies opportunities tolear valuable information abother comparesmarketing,and may help expand user traffic for all companies