2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案听力原文与解析.docx

Part I    Writing    (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. 【参考范文】 No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it is unlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability. At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study. In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability. For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practice makes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary.   PartⅡ  Listening Comprehension      ( 25 minutes)   Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.   Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D).  Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.    Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.   After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.   Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 【参考答案】暂缺   Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension                 ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.  You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.     Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of   26  . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state’s had air   27  to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a   28  . All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological   29  , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in   30  . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are   31  to yield minute-to-minute maps of   32  air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been   33  with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s   34  were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their job by   35 pollution lows. A. assisted B. collaborating C. consequence D. consumers E. creating F. detail G. domestic H. frequently I. inhabitants J. innovation K. intended L. outdoor M. pollutants N. restricted O. Sum 【参考答案】 . M pollutants . . N restricted . . C consequence . . J innovation . . F detail . . K intended . . L outdoor . 33. B collaborating . 34. I inhabitants . 35. E creating. 26. M pollutants . 解析：of前边是levels级别，等级的意思，of后应该是名词形式，翻译为_____的级别，根据文章首句说南加利福尼亚的雾霾是出了名的差可判断这篇文章关于坏境。26空这一句说在美国，洛杉矶____的级别方面是最差的城市，名词又跟环境污染有关的就是M 选项pollutants 污染物。 27. N restricted . 解析： 倒装句，正常语序应该是 the state’s bad air is not____to its south. 意思既相符，又符合这个搭配的只能是restricted， be restricted to 仅限于。 28. C consequence . 解析： 本空在a后边 一定是名词， as a consequence固定搭配，意为结果，因此。这句话意思是，结果，具名的心脏和肺都受到感染。 29. J innovation . 解析：空格前边是名词 of 形容词，因此可推断此结构是A of B的结构，因此空格应该是名词。跟在technological技术的 后边，并且后文又说designed设计监视器，可推断这里应该是技术创新闻名的地方， 因此才能设计出来一些机器。 30. F detail . 解析：本句是一个完整句说明不缺成分，那么空格的地方应该是状语部分，跟在in后边 detail可形成固定搭配，in detail详细的。 31. K intended . 解析： be___to 因此这个地方应该是动词ing或者动词过去分词，在仅有的几个符合条件的选项里intended符合意思，be intended to 打算做某事，意图做某事。 32. L outdoor . 解析： 空格前边of 后边名词此处缺一个形容词，前边说这个检测器目的是监测出____的环境污染，符合意思的是outdoor 户外的环境污染情况。 33. B collaborating . 解析：位于has been__with后边此处应该是动词ing或动词过去分词，只剩下了collaborating和creating, collaborating是可以和with搭配的，意为与...合作，符合题意。 34. I inhabitants . 解析： 跟在city’后边一定是名词，后边又是被迫使用汽车，前边应该是人类，表达人类的选项是consumers和inhabitants，但是这篇文章并没有强调消费者，所以根据整篇文章的北京应该是说城市的居民们。 35. E creating. 解析：在剩下的六个选项里A assisted 含义不符合D consequence词性不符合G domestic含义不符合H frequently词性不符合O sum词性不符合，符合形式以及含义的只有creating。 Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements       attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.   【参考答案】 36-40 KDMGB 41-45 LHFJC Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.    　Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment and Human Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons,” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with all those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery（彩票）winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline." 　　Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex. 　　Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better. With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.” 　　46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people? 　　A) Improve their work efficiency. 　　B) Add to their sustained happiness. 　　C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life. 　　D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being. 　　47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier? 　　A) Earn more money. 　　B) Gain fame and popularity. 　　C) Settle in an urban area. 　　D) Live in a green environment. 　　48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area? 　　A) How it affects different people. 　　B) How strong its effect is. 　　C) How long its positive effect lasts. 　　D) How it benefits physically 　　49. What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment? 　　A) Their stress was more apparent than real. 　　B) Their decisions required less deliberation. 　　C) Their memories were greatly strengthened. 　　D) Their communication with others improved. 　　50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities? 　　A) Find financial support. 　　B) Improve urban planning. 　　C) Involve local residents in the effort. 　　D) Raise public awareness of the issue.  【篇章分析】 本篇文章整体阅读难度并不大，主要讲的是关于居住在绿色生态空间的人们要比居住在市区的人们拥有长期的积极的幸福影响。文章后的五道题目以事实细节考查为主，题干定位信息明确，做题难度在中等偏下水平。 【参考答案】 46 B Add to their sustained happiness. 47 A Earn more money. 48 C How long its positive effect lasts. 49 D Their communication with others improved. 50 A Find financial support. 【答案解析】 46. 根据题干中的定位名词study和green spaces回文快速定位到文章中的第一段，根据第一段的信息可得出UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect（英国研究者发现搬到绿色小区可以带来持久的积极影响）。以及“people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety（生活在绿色小区的人们较少表现出抑郁或焦虑的情绪）”这两处信息可以确定本题的正确选项是B （Add to their sustained happiness）。 47. 本题根据题干定位词Dr. White 及usually do定位到本篇文章中的第一段"There could be a number of reasons,” he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married.处，根据本句信息，可推出人们通常让自己快乐的事是挣更多的钱，因此本题的正确选项为A（Earn more money.）。 48. 由第一段可知“升值、加薪、中彩票只会给人们带来短期的快乐，这种快乐在过了六个月到一年后就会消失”，第二段首句“Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time.”进一步承接第一段说明Dr. White的研究目的是要知道居住在绿色环境中给人带来的积极影响可以持续多久。故本题正确选项为C选项（How long its positive effect lasts.）。 49. 根据题干信息可以将本题定位至第三段，在最后一句话中，“He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.”由最后的communicate better 可以得出本题的正确选项为D （Their communication with others improved.）。 50. 根据本题题干给出的信息，根据定位词Dr. White 和government，可定位至最后一段，提到我们需要资金来建立一个高质量的绿色社区，从最后一段的最后一句话“what we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money is going to come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”可得出本题的正确选项为A（Find financial support.）。 Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic, What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates. The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and Whits Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water. Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas, The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well. Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls（船体）believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’s and the Britannic’s tragic end. The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners. 51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships? A)They performed marvelously on the sea. B)They could all break the ice in their way. C)They all experienced terrible misfortunes. D)They were models of modern engineering. 52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased