2016929_22_620 外国语专业综合-2016(1).zip

2016 年外国语学院研究生入学考试专业综合试卷答案A 卷I.Synonyms.(30X1=30 points)1-5 BCBCD 6-10 ACBDA 11-15 CBDAD16-20 DBCCD 21-25 BDACD 26-30 BCBACII.Structure.(15x1=15 points)31-35 CDDAC 36-40 BDACB 41-45 DBBBCIII.Paraphrase the following sentences.(5X2=10 points)IV.Reading Comprehension (20 X1=20 points)51-55 ABDCB 56-60 CABBC 61-65 DAABC 66-70 ADDBCV.General linguistics knowledge.(20X1=20 points)71-75 BABBC 76-80 CBDBC 81-85 AABDA 86-90 AABBBVI.Explain the following terms.(5X5=25 points)91.Cognitive linguistics is a newly established approach to the study of language that emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against the dominant generative linguistics which pursues an autonomous view of language.Cognitive linguistics is based on human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualized the world.92.Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language.It is not only 46.If we dig into our cultural tradition,we are going to find a concern with religion,which,at least destroys the belief that the individual lives selfishly,and the destruction of this belief will make people consider and examine seriously what human beings are and what they ought to be.47.Normally she was defensive and sensitive as if her face were guarded and masked.But now in a brief moment when she was saying this,she didnt wear that guarding mask any more and she revealed her true emotion.In her eyes,there was a kind of hope which was so intense and violent that it struck people as tarrying.48.We reaffirm our promise to support the United Nations,to prevent it from becoming an assembly where people just criticize,insult and abuse each other and to strengthen the power of the United Nations to protect the newly independent and the weak nations.49.People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives.50.She imposed on us lots of falsity and so-called knowledge that was totally useless and irrelevant to us.concerned with meanings of words as lexical items,but also with levels of language below the word and above it,e.g.,meanings of morphemes and sentences.93.Language acquisition is one the central topics in psycholinguistics.It studies how children acquire their first language and the research in this area can be beneficial to the study of a second or foreign language.Acquiring a first language is something every child does successfully,in a matter of a few years and without the need for formal lessons.Four phases are identified and acknowledged in the process of language acquisition:holophrastic stage,two-word stage,three-word utterance and fluent grammatical conversation stage.94.The perlocutionary act concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer.By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something,or mislead him,or surprise him,or induce him to do something,etc.Whether or not these effects are intended by the speaker,they can be regarded as part of the act that the speaker has performed.95.Categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.Categorization is a major ingredient in the creation of human knowledge,and it allows us to relate present experiences to past ones.There are three levels in categories:the basic level,the superordinate level and the subordinate level.VII.Answer the following questions,supporting your arguments with necessary examples.(3X10=30 points)96.Each of the sentences has two meanings.In the first sentence,the ambiguity comes from the word“chicken”which refers either to chicken meat or the domestic bird,the animal,chicken.So the sentence can either mean“The chicken meat is too hot,so it cannot be eaten at the moment”or“The chicken feels so hot that it cannot start eating and needs to calm down first.”In the second sentence,the ambiguity comes from the phrase“flying planes”.It can be understood as“the plane that is flying”or to“fly planes”.97.I would be angry with him.“Can you open the door”is normally understood as a request of the hearer to do it rather than a question about his ability.The fact that he answers“yes”but does not actually do it shows that he declines my request.98.The process of syllabus design in foreign language teaching mainly includes selecting and grading what is to be taught.A process of selection must be undertaken since learning the whole system of a foreign language is neither possible nor necessary.Selection involves two sub-processes.First,the restriction of the language to a particular dialect and register of the items that are to be taught according to criteria such as frequency of occurrence,learnability and classroom needs.The whole process of selection must be applied at all levels of language,such as phonology,grammar,lexis,contexts(semantic and cultural).After a list of language items have been selected,the next process is to put them into the most appropriate order for practical teaching purposes.This process is often referred to as grading or sequencing.第 1 页 共 15 页姓 名：报 考 专 业：准 考 证 号 码：密封线内不要答题2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：外国语专业综合（A 卷 B 卷）科目代码：620考试时间:3 小时 满分 150 分可使用的常用工具：无 计算器 直尺 圆规（请在使用工具前打）注意：所有答题内容必须写在答题纸上，写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效；考完后试题随答题纸交回。本试卷由 A,B 两部分构成；选择题的答案，请考生在答题册上先标明大题，然后再按小题顺序写出小题的阿拉伯数字及相应的最佳答案字母代号。所有题目均须用英语答卷。共七大题，98 个小题，小题连续编号。誊写答案时，请按下列格式：Part A Comprehensive EnglishI.Synonyms 1.2.3.4.5 6.7.8.9.10.II.Structure.31.32.33.34.35 III.Sentence paraphrase.46.IV.Reading comprehension.51.52.53.54.55 Part B LinguisticsV.General linguistics knowledge.71.72.73.74.75 VI.Explain the terms.91.92.VII.Answer the questions.96.97.98.第 2 页 共 15 页Part A:Comprehensive EnglishI.Vocabulary.(30X1=30 points)Directions:In this part,there are 30 sentences,each with an underlined word or phrase.Following each sentence are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word or expression.1.There must be heavy wind outside as I can see clouds are scudding across the sky.A.slashingB.slidingC.flippingD.growling2.The former USSR disintegrated in the early 1990s,resulting in the occurrence of many newly independent countries.A.maroonedB.afflictedC.collapsedD.scampered3.Nowadays it seems that every one scrambles for opportunities to make more money.A.deniesB.strugglesC.stridesD.jags 4.The news of nuclear radiation leakage sent a shudder of horror through the people.A.recessB.alchemyC.quiverD.appeal5.The spectator burst into loud applause of approval when he finished his speech about how to live more greenly.A.swarmB.bridleC.halterD.clapping6.He had been one of Lilys most fervent admirers,sending her a poem he himself wrote every day.A.passionateB.diligentC.obliviousD.decisive7.He was striding toward the entrance,so I had to be quick to catch up with him.A.staggeringB.wanderingC.marchingD.floating8.Many villages stood forlorn in the winter mist,bare and bleak.A.uprightB.desertedC.stillD.modulate9.When the nation is in peril,how can one talk about home?A.haltB.debtC.deficitD.danger10.Tramps go from place to place getting food and money by taking occasional jobs or begging.A.VagrantsB.ResistantsC.JoggersD.Sloths11.Usually in winter season,a flu epidemic is easy to break out,causing a lot of death.A.symptomB.currentC.diseaseD.populace12.People wish to show their gratitude for the help she has given them.A.satisfactionB.thanksC.sincerityD.affection13.He spent the rest of his life,debunking those who sacrifice the environment for profit.第 3 页 共 15 页A.belittlingB.imploringC.inspiringD.criticizing14.The Peoples Congress is drafting some laws to protect vanishing Chinese species.A.disappearingB.surgingC.perplexingD.stumping15.Tom tottered in,an empty bottle in hand.He must be drunk.A.dashedB.strodeC.marchedD.staggered16.He introduced his speech with a humorous anecdote.A.legendB.adventureC.novelD.story17.Our party believes in encouraging cultural diversity,not diversion.A.divergenceB.varietiesC.concurrenceD.monotony18.I was glad of company for the long hours of this interminable flight to New York.A.durableB.intermediateC.long-lastingD.inept19.She was a devout Muslim,saying prayers five times a day.A.shiftlessB.capableC.piousD.fierce20.A sudden surge of city population had stimulated great investment in housing industry.A.decreaseB.demandC.declineD.increase21.He said he agreed but his voice lacked conviction.A.heroismB.certaintyC.complacencyD.pity22.She regularly pilfered some goods from the supermarket when she went there.A.donatedB.sponsoredC.deprivedD.stole23.An assault on the capital city was launched in the early hours of the morning.A.attackB.adventureC.assembleD.ambush24.There is growing apprehension that the economy will be getting worse.A.agreementB.complimentC.anxietyD.comment25.Hitler had committed the most villainous crime against human beings by slaughtering thousands of Jews.A.cataractB.evangelicC.dignifiedD.wicked 26.She was beginning to drink under the delusion that she had somehow become immune to the alcohol.A.dreamB.illusionC.imaginationD.fancy27.In the bad times,the way of life had to be austere and controlled.A.flashyB.aestheticC.starkD.extravagant28.I told the unfair factory inspector that we would defy his edict.A.ruleB.orderC.powerD.anger29.In his new work,he invokes an atmosphere of careless rapture.A.conjuresB.inducesC.entrenchesD.engulfs30.The invaders plundered their wealth and burned their houses.第 4 页 共 15 页A.hijackedB.piratedC.robbedD.kidnappedII.Structure.Directions:In this part,there are 15 incomplete sentences.Following each sentence you will see four words or phrases,marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.(15X1=15 points)31.Quasars _ emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation.A.star-like objects are B.star-like,they are objectsC.are star-like objectsD.are they star-like objects32.Many Cassatts specialized _ mothers with their children.A.painted B.who paintedC.paintingsD.in painting33.Gorillas are quiet animals,_ they are able to make about twenty different sounds.A.howB.in spite ofC.because of D.even though34.From 1946 to 1949,_ William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.A.the lawyerB.he was the lawyerC.the lawyer whoD.was the lawyer35._ struck,a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone,retaining its pitch over a long period of time.A.When is itB.One C.When it isD.is one 36._ one time,Manchester,New Hampshire,was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A.On B.AtC.ByD.To37.The edible tube mushroom _ cushion-like,moist cap that is light brown or darkish red.A.which hasB.to haveC.havingD.has38.In 1961 the entertainer Chubby Checker introduced a _ to New Yorks rocknroll fans.A.new dance,the twistB.twist,was the new danceC.twist,the new dance thatD.new dance is the twist39.In sculpture _“modeling”denotes a way of shaping clay,wax or other pliable materials.A.to the termB.is termedC.the termD.to term40.The capacity for flight _ insects from the other invertebrates.第 5 页 共 15 页A.to distinguishB.distinguishesC.which distinguishesD.distinguishing41.Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States,they are found _ Ohio and Illinois.A.far northB.north as farC.farthest northD.as far north as 42._ of caffeine can result in restlessness,insomnia and even delirium.A.Consuming in excessB.Excessive consumptionC.To consume excessively D.The consumption excessive43.Considered one of the leading poets in America today,_.A.a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia SanchezB.Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and playsC.A number of Sonia Sanchez books and plays have been written D.There have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez44.Variables such as individual and corporate behavior _ nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.A.makeB.make itC.it makes D.makes it45._ by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating.A.Eliminate problemsB.The eliminated problemsC.Eliminating problemsD.Problems are eliminatedIII.Paraphrase the following sentences.(5X2=10 points)46.If we go back into our tradition,we are going to find a concern with religion,which at a minimum shatters the selfish context of the individual life,and thus forces a consideration of what human beings are and ought to be.47.Her defiant face,momentarily,became unguarded and unmasked,and in her eyes,there was a terrifying hope.48.We renew our pledge of support:to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective,to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.49.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.50.She washed us in a river of make-believe,burned us with a lot of knowledge we didnt necessarily need to know.IV.Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are two passages in this part.Each passage is 第 6 页 共 15 页followed by some questions.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice.(20X 1=20 points)Passage 1 Reflection in TeachingPara.1 Teachers,it is thought,benefit from the practice of reflection,the conscious act of thinking deeply about and carefully examining the interactions and events within their own classrooms.Educators T.Wildman and J.Niles(1987)describe a scheme for developing reflective practice in experienced teachers.This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.Para.2 Wildman and Niles were particularly interested in investigating the conditions under which reflection might flourish-a subject on which there is little guidance in the literature.They designed an experimental strategy for a group of teachers in Virginia and worked with 40 practicing teachers over several years.They were concerned that many would be“drawn to these new,refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge.Reflection on a complex task such as teaching is not easy.”The teachers were taken through a program of talking about teaching events,moving on to reflecting about specific issues in a supported,and later an independent,manner.Para.3 Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection on teaching required a sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner.They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being“utilitarian and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection.”Teachers rarely have the time or opportunities to view their own or the teaching of others in an objective manner.Further o