1_1. 讲解部分PPT.pptx

高考英语,新高考专用,第一部分词类专题二形容词和副词,知识清单形容词和副词专讲考点一形容词修饰名词和部分代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词叫形容词。有形容词修饰或限制的名词或代词内涵更丰富。除修饰名词作定语外,形容词还常作表语和补语。形容词可分为两大类:描绘性形容词,用来描绘大小、新旧、颜色、质量等;限定性形容词,用来限定所修饰词的数量、距离、范围、所属等。,温馨提示-ing形容词常译为“令人的”;-ed形容词常译为“感到的”。当通过声音、表情等描述人的感受时,也用-ed形容词。如:an excited ex-pression兴奋的表情amazing令人惊讶的amazed惊讶的boring令人厌烦的bored厌烦的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的satisfying令人满意的satisfied满意的,一、比较级和最高级的构成1.规则变化,温馨提示1.有少数几个双音节词以及以-er及-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式。commoncommoner/more commoncommonest/most commonclevercleverer/more clevercleverest/most cleversimplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple2.有些复合形容词有两种比较级和最高级形式。well-knownbetter-known/more well-knownbest-known/most well-known,2.不规则变化,易混辨析farther,farthest表示距离上更远、最远;further,furthest表示程度上更进一步、最大程度,也可以表示距离上较远、最远。I will give you further details later.稍后我将提供给你更详尽的细节。,二、形容词的比较级1.比较级的用法1)基本用法,例句He made more mistakes than you(did).他犯的错比你多。My English is not better than yours.我的英语不比你的英语更好。,二、形容词的比较级1.比较级的用法1)基本用法,例句He made more mistakes than you(did).他犯的错比你多。My English is not better than yours.我的英语不比你的英语更好。,He is no taller than his brother.他和他的哥哥一样不高。,比较级常见的错误1.修饰词出现错误:more不可修饰比较级,但可以用much来加强比较级,意为“得多,更”。She looks much younger than me.(不可使用more)她看上去比我年轻得多。2.比较的对象出现错误The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.(不可去掉that of)北京的天气比上海的冷。注意:在使用比较级时,比较的对象应该相同。,The radios made in our factory are better than those(made)in your factory.我们厂生产的收音机比你们厂生产的那些(收音机)好。3.比较的范围出现错误China is larger than any other country in Asia.(不可去掉other)中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。,温馨提示比较级有时可单独使用,其比较的对象暗含于句中。Are you feeling better today?(与原来相比)你今天感觉好一些了吗?Further discussion will be held tomorrow.(与现在相比)进一步的讨论将于明天进行。,2)特殊用法,例句The winner is no more than/only 10 years old.这个获胜者年仅10岁。He has no less than/as many as five children.他的孩子多达5个。He has not less than/at least five children.他至少有5个孩子。温馨提示1.用介词by表示相差的程度。She is taller than me by three inches.=She is three inches taller than me.她比我高3英寸。,2.many more,much more的用法区别many more只能修饰可数名词复数。many more workers更多工人much more既可修饰不可数名词,也可构成比较级。much more money更多的钱;much more important重要得多3.当两个人或事物进行比较时,如果前者劣于后者,就用劣等比较结构:主语+动词+less+原级形容词+than+比较对象。,2.比较级的修饰语:rather,much,still,even,far,any,a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit。例句Tom works even harder than before.Tom比以往工作更努力了。,三、形容词的最高级1.最高级的用法1)表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高。其句式为:the+形容词最高级(+名词)+表示范围的短语或从句。例句This is the oldest theater in London.这是伦敦最古老的剧院。Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.上海是中国最大的城市之一。温馨提示形容词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。,2)比较级形式表达最高级意义比较级+than+any other+单数名词/(all)the other+复数名词/anyone else/any of the other+复数名词/the rest of the+复数名词或不可数名词。例句一句多译:罗丝是她班里最高的女孩。Rose is the tallest girl in her class.=Rose is taller than any other girl in her class.=Rose is taller than(all)the other girls in her class.,=Rose is taller than any of the other girls in her class.=Rose is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级。例句I have never heard a better voice than yours.=Your voice is the best voice that I have ever heard.我从未听过比你的嗓音更好的。,2.最高级的修饰语:序数词,much,by far,nearly,almost。例句The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。Of the three girls,Betty is much the cleverest.这三个女孩中,贝蒂是最聪明的。This is by far the best book that Ive ever read.这是我迄今读过的最好的书。,考点二副词副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、数词、介词短语乃至全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。一、副词的种类1.简单副词here这儿there那儿quite/rather相当now现在then那时,有些副词与形容词形式相同:,2.复合副词somewhere在某处somehow不知为什么somewhat有点therefore因此nowhere什么地方都不3.派生副词1)由形容词+-ly构成,两种形式的副词的用法比较,例句I was so deeply moved by his deeds that I couldnt fall asleep deep into the night.我被他的行为深深打动,在深夜不能入睡。He can jump really high and is highly praised for it.他跳得确实很高,也因此受到了高度表扬。,He has been working late.他一直工作到很晚。I havent seen him lately.我最近没见到他。After a days hard work,he was dead tired.辛勤工作一天后,他筋疲力尽。The book is deadly dull.这本书非常枯燥。2)有些副词是由介词或方位名词加后缀-ward(s)构成的。如:backward(s),downward(s),forward(s),northward(s)等。,二、副词的比较等级1.副词的比较等级的用法副词的原级、比较级及最高级的用法和结构与形容词相对应的用法和结构基本一致。例句This kind of language appeared as early as the Stone Age.这种语言最早出现在石器时代。It doesnt rain so/as frequently here as it does in our country.这里不如我们国家下雨频繁。The car is running less smoothly than it used to.这辆汽车跑得没有过去平稳了。,I dont run faster than anyone else in my class.我不如班里的其他人跑得快。The more we know each other,the better we understand each other.我们彼此了解得越多,就越能更好地互相理解。The fire spread further and further with the wind blowing more and more strongly.随着风越刮越大,大火蔓延得越来越远。Of all the subjects,I like art(the)best.在所有学科中,我最喜欢美术。,2.副词的比较级和最高级的修饰语同形容词的比较级和最高级的修饰语。例句Eleanor speaks Chinese a lot better than before.埃莉诺汉语说得比以前好多了。,3.副词的比较级和最高级的构成1)规则构成:与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成相同。2)不规则构成:,单句填空形容词和副词专练1.The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate popula-tions and homes of giant pandas,and(eventual)achieve a de-sired level of population in the wild.(2022新高考)2.Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more(meaning).(2022全国甲)3.In the last five years,Cao has walked through 34 countries in six conti-nents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africas(high)mountain.(2022全国甲),4.As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the(large)tea-producing country,China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea in-dustry.(2022全国乙)5.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci,for example,(rough)200 academicsmany of them climate scientistshave promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.(2022浙江1月)6.It will(undoubted)help you get refreshed!(2021新高考)7.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the(hot)the spring!(2021新高考),8.After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what(good)than to ride on a piece of history!(2021全国甲)9.Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their(day)routines.(2021全国甲)10.Provide(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.(2021全国乙)11.When the house was built,it was much(small)than it is today.(2021浙江6月),12.In the 18th and 19th centuries,(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.(2020新高考)13.Landing on the moons far side is(extreme)challenging.(2020全国)14.(certain)during the holiday period,this plant is a must.(2020全国)15.Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.(2020全国),16.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their(fine)work,so that he could choose the best.(2020全国)17.As the small boat moved(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020全国)18.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been(poor)studied;however,biologists calcu-late that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.(2019全国),19.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregat-ing(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are(high)than they actually are.(2019全国)20.Her years of hard work have(final)been acknowledged af-ter a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.(2019全国)21.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its(wonder).(2019全国)22.They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were(huge)popular with tourists.(2019全国),23.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and(meaning)college experience.(2019北京)答案1.eventually2.meaningful3.highest4.largest5.roughly6.undoubt-edly7.hotter8.better9.daily10.financial11.smaller12.wealthy13.extremely14.Certainly15.beautiful16.finest17.gently18.poorly19.higher20.finally21.wonderful22.hugely23.meaningful,1.Chinese clothing has many types and suits according to(va-riety)occasions.(2022湖北十堰四月调研)2.Well,if you are both an(enthusiasm)reader and eater,you may want to take part in an edible book festival,where you can have your book and eat it,too!(2022浙江太湖联盟二模)3.A decrease in workers could also(severe)limit growth of the worlds second-largest economy in the coming years.(2022江西上饶六校联考二)4.That is the(low)since the National Bureau of Statistics be-gan recording the information in 1952.(2022江西上饶六校联考二),5.As these stories were often quite long,they often had rhyme and rhythm to help people remember them more(easy).(2022广东汕头一模)6.They took more time and thought(careful)before they bought clothes.(2022山西运城二模)7.They also wore them for a much(long)time compared with current consumers.(2022山西运城二模)答案1.various2.enthusiastic3.severely4.lowest5.easily6.carefully7.longer,语篇填空形容词和副词专练Passage 1(2021浙江1月改编)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数)across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting 1.(heavy)and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural ar-eas.BMI is an 2.(international)recognized measurement tool that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered 3.(health).The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased,by 2.1 in women and men.In cities,however,the gain was 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described“4.(strike)changes”in the geography of BMI.In 1985,urban men and women in 5.(many)than three quarters of the countries studied had 6.(high)BMIs than men and women in rural areas.But 30 years 7.(late),the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many coun-tries had narrowed 8.(sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside,including 9.(low)levels of income and education,higher costs of healthy foods,and 10.(few)sports facilities.,答案语篇解读 研究表明,在世界范围内人们的体重指数呈上升趋势,农村地区尤为显著。1.heavier2.internationally3.healthy4.striking5.more6.higher7.later8.sharply9.lower10.fewer,Passage 2(2018全国改编)Im not sure who is 1.(frightened),me or the female go-rilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking 2.(gentle)on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.3.(unexpected),Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins scream-ing at the top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 4.(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I 5.(quick)lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking 6.(direct)into his eyes so he doesnt feel 7.(threaten).My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a scientist who studies animals such as apes,and monkeys.I was searching for these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were 8.(worry).When the gorillas and I frightened each other 9.(bad),I was just glad to find them alive.True to gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal meant me no real harm.He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was 10.(suc-cessful)delivered,he allowed me to stay and watch.,答案语篇解读 作者讲述了自己和大猩猩的一次近距离接触。1.more frightened2.gently3.Unexpectedly4.loudest5.quickly6.directly7.threatened 8.worried9.badly10.successfully,Passage 3(2022八省市第一次联考改编)Ive had my fair share of travelling around China,and a recent week-long trip to Guizhou was my first time to the province.I tried looking up the meaning and significance of the name Guizhou before the trip,1.(basic)to have a reasonable idea of what was in store for me.But that was a hard task,so I asked a Chinese colleague about the trip.From what she said,2.(initial)the province was named after a famous moun-tain called“Gui”,sort of noble in literal translation and“zhou”,which 3.(simple)means“province”in ancient Chinese.Keeping that in mind I set out on a journey of discovery and what I found was ex-tremely 4.(impress),a photographers paradise.5.,(general)described as a 6.(mountain)province in 7.(southwest)China,with Guiyang as its capital,the province is 8.(true)one of natures best kept secrets.Compared to other 9.(lead)provinces in China,with regard to development,Guizhou has some catch-up to do.However,the province remains unique not only for its dreamy landscape,but for the role it played in the 10.(poli-tics)history of modern China and the role it is to play in the world.,答案语篇解读 文章介绍了作者去贵州旅游,从而加深了对贵州的了解的经历。1.basically2.initially3.simply4.impressive5.Generally6.moun-tainous7.southwestern 8.truly9.leading10.political,Passage 4(2022安徽亳州五中期中改编)Weve all heard that breakfast is the 1.(important)meal in the day.It may 2.(actual)be true.Recently,a study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older has found that people who have break-fast are 3.(likely)to lose weight than those who dont eat in the morning.Other studies connect not eating breakfast with a 4.(high)risk of high blood pressure,heart disease and so on.However,its not just when you eat that matters,but what you eat also mat-ters.To keep fit,you should have a 5.(balance)diet with pro-tein,fiber and healthy fats,which is the key to a 6.(satisfy)and nutritious breakfast.If you want to keep yourself from being 7.,(hunger)later in the day,youd better eat within 90 minutes after wak-ing up.Also,coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended be-cause it can be 8.(harm)to your body.There is a 9.(gold)saying that advises“Eat breakfast like a king,lunch like a prince,and dinner like a beggar.”It is 10.(real)worth following.答案语篇解读 我们都听说过早餐是一天中最重要的一餐,研究发现,吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥。1.most important2.actually3.more likely4.higher5.balanced6.sat-isfying7.hungry8.harmful9.golden10.really,