1_2. 习题部分WORD.docx

北京曲一线图书策划有限公司 2024版《5年高考3年模拟》A版 题型二　信息还原(七选五) 考情探究 1题型分析 卷别 2022 新高考Ⅰ 2022 新高考Ⅱ 2021 新高考Ⅰ 2021 新高考Ⅱ 2020 新高考Ⅰ 2020 新高考Ⅱ 体裁 说明文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 说明文 说明文 内容 如何找到锻炼伙伴 如何写文章 在巴黎的一周 如何提高阅读速度 如何成为一个优秀的演讲者 如何更好地和医生交流 试题 设置 位置 段首句 0 1 1 1 1 2 段中句 4 4 4 2 3 2 段尾句 1 0 0 2 1 1 　　从上表可以看出信息还原(七选五)所选文章多为说明文,文章结构通常为“总—分(—总)”,内容通常是教人如何学习、如何做事、如何生活等,符合中学生的特点,贴近中学生的日常生活。2021年新高考Ⅰ卷信息还原(七选五)是一篇游记,讲述了作者夫妇二人在巴黎居住的感受,以“记叙”为主,兼有说明和议论等多重语篇类型特点。 信息还原(七选五)试题根据所在段落位置可分为:段首句、段中句和段尾句。每个位置的试题各有其特点: 1.段首句。通常是段落主题句,或与后文形成并列、转折、因果等关系,又或是段落间的过渡句。 2.段中句。通常与前后句形成并列、递进、因果、转折等关系。 3.段尾句。通常是结论、概括性语句,又或者是引出下一段的内容。 从上表还可以看出试题设置在段中的数量较多,段首句和段尾句较少。在做题过程中,段中试题由于有段落内上下文的提示,比较容易得到答案。段尾试题往往是段落的总结,难度也不大。通常情况下,段首的试题难度也比较小,因为在英语写作中,段首句多为段落主旨句,考生可以根据段落后面的文本快速推测答案。但是当段首句是对上下段的过渡时,难度陡增。例如: Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 　38　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.   　39　 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! (2021新高考Ⅰ卷,第3、4段)  解析　第39空位于段首,是过渡句,上一段介绍了“巴黎人吃得好,但体重不增,原因在于水果质量高”,即隐性表达了巴黎人吃得少的一个原因。根据设空处所在段落最后一句“But they cost $18!”可知,此段涉及巴黎人吃得少的另一个原因:食物价格贵。由此可推测,E项“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.”符合语境,是第3段和第4段的过渡句。 2备考建议 学习研究说明文和记叙文的结构 考生在备考阶段要研究说明文和记叙文的结构特点,这样才能在有限的时间内理解文章的主旨大意、逻辑结构和衔接手段等。根据试题在整篇文章或段落的位置快速找准切入点,准确推断,做出选择。 说明文的结构特点:第一段是文章主旨,其他段落分别说明,各段落之间是平行、并列关系,并且各段多为主题句加解释说明。 记叙文的结构特点:第一段是故事发生的背景、原因,其他段落通过时间、空间、感情等线索,以人物经历和情感发展变化为主要内容,按一定顺序铺陈发展,最后说明事件的结果并进行反思。 学习理解文章隐性衔接手段 考生不仅要根据文章中表示结构的连接词和其他文章标记词对文章的组织结构和展开方式等进行推断,而且更应加强对文章深层次的分析,重视英语国家的政治、经济、文化、历史、地理、风土人情等知识的介绍,不断丰富自己的背景知识,从真正意义上提高自己对英语文章的理解及分析推断能力。 系统学习逻辑关联词语 每篇文章都含有丰富多样的连接手段。考生需要系统学习逻辑关联词语,在备考练习中主动关注说明文和记叙文中有连接功能的词语,在语境中剖析复现和同现的词汇关系,以此甄别出隐蔽的逻辑关系,突破信息还原(七选五)解题的瓶颈。 学习实践高效解题步骤 高考信息还原(七选五)试题有多种解题步骤和方法,根据笔者多年教学实践,建议考生尝试运用“信息还原(七选五)解题五步法”: Step 1:浏览7个选项,有目的地展开阅读; Step 2:快速通读全文,了解文章结构和大意; Step 3:找出每段的关键词,明确各段的主题句或主旨大意; Step 4:根据段落主旨,运用“关键词”或“连接词”匹配原则从7个选项中选择答案: a.运用词义复现或同现方法,如同词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现或相似句式匹配等; b.根据选项和文章中的代词,找到所指代的词语或句子; c.运用连接词匹配原则,根据文章或段落逻辑关系解题; d.根据文章结构特点和背景知识进行合理推断。 Step 5:带入选项,瞻前顾后,通读复检。 5年高考 A组　新高考卷题组 Passage 1 (2022新高考Ⅰ)话题:体育健康 　　Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “　1　” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.  So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 　2　 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.  You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. 　3　 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.  My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 　4　  You and your partner will probably have different skills. 　5　 Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.  A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 答案 [语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了拥有健身伙伴的好处以及如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。 1.C　2.D　3.B　4.G　5.F　 Passage 2 (2022新高考Ⅱ)话题:善于学习 　　Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 　1　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 　2　 Don't worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won't work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.  The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 　3　 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.  The third technique is to try printing out a triple⁃spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 　4　 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 　5　 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.  A.Make sure your handwriting is neat. B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C.The second draft of the essay should be better. D.First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F.Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G.Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple⁃space. 答案 [语篇解读] 文章主要讲的是写文章的技巧。 1.D　2.B　3.E　4.F　5.G　 Passage 3 (2021新高考Ⅰ)话题:文化习俗 　　My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 　1　 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth⁃floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.  The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked. 　2　 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.  Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 　3　 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.  　4　 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!  In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency(效率). You can tell this by café life. French cafés are always crowded. 　5　 When do these people work? The French take their 35⁃hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.  A.Not all the customers are tourists. B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent. C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed. D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. 答案 [语篇解读] 作者介绍了自己和丈夫在巴黎体验当地生活的经历。 1.F　2.C　3.G　4.E　5.A　 Passage 4 (2021新高考Ⅱ)话题:善于学习 　　If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 　1　  ●Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.　2　  ●　3　Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading, etc. This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.  ●If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 　4　 A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.  ●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 　5　 Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.  A.Stop to have a rest now and then. B.Spend a few minutes looking through the book. C.This depends on the type of book you are reading. D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed. E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance. F.You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. G.Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy. 答案 [语篇解读] 文章提供了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。 1.D　2.G　3.B　4.C　5.E　 Passage 5 (2020新高考Ⅰ)话题:社会交往 　　Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.　1　 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.  People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”　2　 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.  Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People's attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message. So, don't stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it's a truly serious one.　3　  Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.　4　 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.  　5　 It's rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably can't count the times that you've thought,“I'm glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It's better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.  A.Do the opposite. B.You want to be an effective public speaker. C.You don't need to apologize for a minor slip. D.When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 答案 [语篇解读] 文章介绍了要想成为优秀演讲者必须掌握的原则。 1.G　2.A　3.C　4.B　5.D　 Passage 6 (2020新高考Ⅱ)话题:社会交往 Talking with your doctor Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.　1　  ●Stay positive. Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.　2　Think teamwork! Think positive!   ●Keep track of how you are feeling. 　3　This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状)and how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.  ●　4　  Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏)to any medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor. ●Ask questions. Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 　5　 Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.  A.This will make getting answers easier. B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor. C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work. D.Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling. E.Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side. F.Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines. G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information. 答案 [语篇解读] 文章讲述了与医生谈话的几个小建议。 1.B　2.E　3.D　4.F　5.A　 B组　全国卷、自主命题卷题组 Passage 1 (2022全国甲)话题:文化习俗 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 　1　. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.  Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 　2　.  Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 　3　, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.  Making Requests 　4　. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.  Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 　5　, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.  A.The more friends you make in your lifetime B.The more time you spend in any given country C.Mexicans consider it i