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川西北双鱼石地区栖霞组储层成藏期次及流体演化_倪蕊.pdf
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西北 双鱼石 地区 栖霞 组储层成藏期次 流体 演化 倪蕊
地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/第 48 卷 第 2期2 0 2 3 年 2 月Vol.48 No.2Feb.2 0 2 3https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.403川西北双鱼石地区栖霞组储层成藏期次及流体演化倪蕊1,2,马行陟3,陈勇1,2*,冯艳伟1,2,鲁雪松3,宋一帆1,2,张辉1,2,范俊佳31.山东省深层油气重点实验室,山东青岛 2665802.中国石油大学地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛 2665803.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083摘要:以岩心观察描述为基础,结合偏光显微镜薄片、阴极发光及流体包裹体等分析手段,探讨了川西北双鱼石构造栖霞组储层成岩和成藏期次及流体演化.结果表明,川西北双鱼石构造栖霞组上部储层整体为亮晶云质灰岩,可将其成岩矿物充填划分为四期,依次为早期微细晶方解石、重结晶的方解石、围岩孔洞中共生的石英钠长石和沥青、裂缝中充填的白云石和方解石.结合不同成岩阶段流体包裹体特征与埋藏史分析表明,二叠到中三叠纪研究区整体沉降接受沉积,埋深加大并受峨眉地裂伴随的热液作用影响,形成重结晶方解石,早中三叠中侏罗纪下寒武统烃源岩达到生油高峰,使得第一期原油充注到栖霞组储层,随后二叠系中下部烃源岩在早侏罗早白垩世达到生油高峰,即第二期原油充注.富硅热流体的充注形成石英和钠长石,同时由于埋深和热流体的改造,部分原油裂解生成沥青,古气藏开始逐步成藏.燕山晚期到喜山期龙门山地区在中生代中晚期经历了持续的逆冲构造变形,在构造裂缝充填白云石和方解石.裂缝充填方解石脉中捕获含甲烷包裹体和沥青包裹体,即古气藏随之调整,整体呈现早成藏晚调整的特点.关键词:四川盆地;川西北地区;二叠系栖霞组;成藏期次;流体演化;石油地质.中图分类号:P618.13 文章编号:1000-2383(2023)02-596-13 收稿日期:2022-11-15Stages of Hydrocarbon Accumulationand Fluid Evolution of Qixia Reservoir in Shuangyushi Area,Northwest Sichuan Basin,ChinaNi Rui1,2,Ma Xingzhi3,Chen Yong1,2*,Feng Yanwei1,2,Lu Xuesong3,Song Yifan1,2,Zhang Hui1,2,Fan Junjia31.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,Qingdao 266580,China2.School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China3.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,ChinaAbstract:Based on drilling core observation,combined polarizing microscopic observation forthin section,cathodoluminescence and fluid inclusion analysis,this paper discusses hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid evolution of Qixia Formation in Shuangyushi structure in northwestern Sichuan.There sults show that the upper reservoir of Qixia Formation of Shuangyushi structure in northwest Sichuan is sparry cloud limestone,and its fillings of diagenetic mineral can be divided into four stages,including early fine crystalline calcite,recrystallized calcite,quartz and albite filled in early limestone holes,and dolomite and calcite filled in pore cracks.Combined with the characteristics of fluid inclusions in different diagenetic stages and burial history analysis,it is found that 基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上基金(Nos.42173042,41873070).作者简介:倪蕊(1998-),女,博士研究生,主要从事流体包裹体方面的研究工作.ORCID:0000000211976784.Email:*通讯作者:陈勇,Email:引用格式:倪蕊,马行陟,陈勇,冯艳伟,鲁雪松,宋一帆,张辉,范俊佳,2023.川西北双鱼石地区栖霞组储层成藏期次及流体演化.地球科学,48(2):596-608.Citation:Ni Rui,Ma Xingzhi,Chen Yong,Feng Yanwei,Lu Xuesong,Song Yifan,Zhang Hui,Fan Junjia,2023.Stages of Hydrocarbon Accumulationand Fluid Evolution of Qixia Reservoir in Shuangyushi Area,Northwest Sichuan Basin,China.Earth Science,48(2):596-608.第 2 期倪蕊等:川西北双鱼石地区栖霞组储层成藏期次及流体演化study area was settled and accepted deposition from Permian to Middle Triassic,recrystallized calcite was formed due to the increase of burial depth and hydrothermal action associated with Emei taphrogeny.The earlymiddle Triassic to middle Jurassic lower Cambrian source rocks reached the peak of oil generation,which made the first stage of oil charged into Qixia Formation reservoir.Then the middle and lower Permian source rocks reached the peak of oil generation in the Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous,that is,the second stage of oil charging.Quartz and albite were formed due to the charging of silicarich hydrothermal fluid.At the same time,due to the burial depth and the transformation of hydrothermal fluid,part of the crude oil cracked into bitumen,and the ancient gas reservoir began to form gradually.The Longmenshan area experienced continuous thrust deformation in the middle and late Mesozoic from late Yanshanian to Himalayan,structural fractures were filled with dolomite and calcite.Methane and asphalt inclusions were captured in the veincalcite,and the ancient gas reservoirs were adjusted accordingly,which indicated the characteristics of early accumulation and late adjustment.Key words:Sichuan Basin;northwest Sichuan;Permian Qixia Formation;stages of hydrocarbon accumulation;fluid evolution;petroleum geology.0 引言 深层碳酸盐岩地层是当前油气勘探的重要领域之一,四川盆地碳酸盐岩地层勘探取得了许多重大突破,成为关注的热点(李剑等,2019).双鱼石构造位于四川盆地西北部龙门山断褶带与川北低缓断褶带的过渡区(彭先等,2020),横跨剑阁-江油两地,区块栖霞组和茅口组气藏具有超深、高温、高压、含硫的特点,属典型的“三超气田”,勘探开发是世界级难题.自 2016年年初首口试采井双探 1井投产至今,双鱼石区块先后 8口气井陆续投产,日产量超过 200万 m3.川西北气矿双鱼 001H2井栖霞组测试获很高产气量,该井是双鱼石区块成功获气后的第 4 口高产气井,该井完钻井深 7 396 m,完钻层位栖霞组,显示该区栖霞组具有巨大的勘探潜力,但是关于栖霞组储层的成岩和成藏演化还存在诸多不清之处.盆地流体性质和流体运移是影响储层成岩作用的关键因素(焦养泉等,2000;刘立等,2000;张枝焕等,2000;赖兴运等,2004;王伟庆等,2005;朱如凯等,2009).深部热液流体对四川盆地碳酸盐岩储层的改造作用日益受到学者们的重视,随着油气储层成岩作用与油气成藏研究的不断深入,人们也在探索盆地流体类型、流体动力学与成岩演化及油气成藏的关系,认为活动热流体具有重要的石油地质意义(王震亮,2002;刘建章等,2004;朱如凯等,2009).热液流体对储层的改造是深层碳酸盐岩有利储层发育的重要机制之一(金之钧等,2006;刘树根等,2008;王坤等,2016;杨雨然等,2019),前人在对川西北地区热液作用的研究中表明该地区热液作用受峨眉山地幔柱影响,热液活动时间与川西北晚二叠-三叠纪岩浆活动较匹配,与岩浆活动有关的热液流体沿张性断裂进入中二叠统地层,促使灰岩发生热液白云石化作用(黄思静等,2012;李辉等,2014;杨雨然等,2019).热液在沿输导系统运移过程中,随着温压变化及与围岩的相互作用,往往沉淀出一些特殊的矿物或矿物组合(刘树根等,2008).黄思静等(2012)在川西地区栖霞组热液白云岩中发现了伊利石、石英、黄铁矿、氟磷灰石、重晶石、黄铁矿和焦沥青,其中白云石溶蚀孔洞中的萤石、氟磷灰石(方解石)反映热液白云石沉淀后温度下降造成的流体性质改变和白云石的溶解.热液也可导致干酪根强制成熟,此过程中也可形成少量沥青与甲烷气体,焦沥青则是有机质因热液蚀变而发生的强迫成熟和过成熟产物(刘树根等,2008;黄思静等,2012).由于双鱼石地区以栖霞组台缘滩相白云岩为主要储层,前人已对其开展过研究工作,在储层特征、白云岩成因、天然气成藏等方面取得了一系列成果和认识,而对于栖二段的颗粒灰岩储层特征及成岩成藏流体演化的系统研究相对较少,因此,笔者通过岩心和薄

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