专题03 冠词-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

小学语法精讲精练 专题03 冠词 思考引入 什么是冠词啊? "冠"在中文里是帽子的意思,而冠词总是位于名词前面,就像戴在名词头上的帽子,所以被称为冠词。 那名词前面可以随便戴帽子吗? 当然不行了。英语中的冠词分三种,定冠词the、不定冠词a/an零冠词。今天我们就来看看什么样的名词要戴帽子,以及给名词戴什么样的帽子。 知识概览 知识精讲 一、定冠词the 定冠词the主要表示“特指”。 1.用于表示时期、年代、世纪的名词或数词前 in the 1970s在20世纪70年代the 18th century18世纪 2.用于表示具体的地点、方位和时间前 on the right在右边 in the morning 在早上 in the east在东方 3.用于特定的名称前 the West Lake 西湖 the Eiffel Tower埃菲尔铁塔 the Spring Festival 春节 4.用于表示特定的人或物，以区别同类中的其他人或物 The pencil is not mine.这支铅笔不是我的。 The girl in red is my sister.穿红色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。 5.用于谈话双方都知道的人或物前 Keys are under the table.钥匙在桌子下面。 Dad is cooking in the kitchen.爸爸正在厨房做饭。 6.用于前面已提到过的人或物前 I bought a book. The book is very funny.我买了一本书。这本书很有趣。 Tom sent me a postcard. The postcard is very beautiful.汤姆给我寄了一张明信片。这张明信片很漂亮。 7.用于西洋乐器前 Jenny can play the piano.珍妮会弹钢琴。 He will play the violin at the party.他要在派对上演奏小提琴。 8.用于序数词前 My family live on the fifth floor.我们一家住在五楼。 She is the first girl met in Beijing.她是我在北京遇见的第一个女孩。 9.用于世界上独一无二的事物前 Birds fly in the sky.鸟儿在天空中飞翔。 The earth goes around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 10.用于形容词的最高级前 He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班最高的男孩。 Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 11.用于某些形容词前，表示一类人 the blind = the blind people盲人 The blind are sensitive about sound.盲人对声音很敏感。 the poor = the poor people穷人 We should raise some money to help the poor.我们应该筹一些钱去帮助穷人。 12.用于表示姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人 The Smiths live in London.史密斯一家住在伦敦。 The Whites will come to China next week.怀特一家下周会来中国。 13.用于固定搭配中 by the way顺便说一下 all the time一直 in the end终于；最后 at the same time 同时 热身小练① 翻一翻。请你将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1.我喜欢早上跑步。 __________________________________________________ 2.我会弹吉他。 __________________________________________________ 3.格林(Green)一家都是我的朋友。 __________________________________________________ 4.俄罗斯(Russia)是世界上最大的国家。 __________________________________________________ 答案：1.I like running in the morning.2.I can play the guitar. 3. The Greens are my friends. 4. Russia is the biggest/largest country in the world. 二、不定冠词a/an 不定冠词主要泛指一类人、事物或同类事物中的某一个。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。 a book 一本书 an orange 一个橙子 1.用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“1” I have a pen.我有一支笔。 I have an apple.我有一个苹果。 2.用于泛指某类事物中的任意一个 A cat is on the roof.有一只猫在屋顶上。 He met a beautiful girl yesterday.他昨天遇见一个很漂亮的女孩。 3.用于表示一类人或一类事物 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。 An elephant is stronger than a horse.大象比马强壮。 4.用于第一次提到的事物前，表示介绍某人或某物 This is an eraser.这是一块橡皮擦。 Mr. Smith was a teacher.史密斯先生曾是一名教师。 5.用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，表示“每一” l do exercise three times a week.我每周锻炼三次。 l go to the movie once a month.我每月去看一次电影。 6.用于固定搭配中 a little 一点，少许 a lot of 许多，大量 half an hour 半小时 have a good time玩得开心 热身小练② 判一判。请你判断下列冠词使用是否正确(正确画“√”,错误画“×”)。 ( )1.Mary is the girl. ( )2.I have a soccer. ( )3.I want to eat a apple. ( )4.I see an elephant in the zoo. 答案：1.× 2.√ 3.× 4.√ 三、零冠词 名词前面不加冠词的现象就称为零冠词。 1.表示泛指的复数可数名词或不可数名词前不加冠词 Music can make me relax.音乐能使我放松。 Books are my best friends.书是我最好的朋友。 2.学科、语言、三餐等名词前不加冠词 My favorite subject is Chinese.我最喜欢的学科是语文。 Helen can speak English very well.海伦英语说得很好。 I had an egg, some bread and a glass of milk for breakfast. 我早餐吃了一个鸡蛋、一些面包，喝了一杯牛奶。 3.球类、棋类、游戏等名词前不加冠词 Let's go to play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。 I'm good at playing chess.我擅长下棋。 They are playing games under the tree.他们正在树下玩游戏。 4.国家、城市、人名、称呼、头衔等名词前不加冠词 I'm from China.我来自中国。 I'm going to Beijing.我要去北京。 Tom is my best friend.汤姆是我最好的朋友。 Mom, can I watch TV?妈妈，我能看电视吗? 5.季节、月份、星期、以Day结尾的西方节日前不加冠词 I can go swimming in summer.夏天我可以去游泳。 My birthday is in May.我的生日在五月。 Tomorrow is Christmas Day.明天是圣诞节。 I'll go to the movie on Sunday.星期天我要去看电影。 6.名词前有代词或有名词所有格修饰时不加冠词 My father is a doctor.我爸爸是医生。 This is Jenny's pencil.这是珍妮的铅笔。 There are some fish in the river.河里有一些鱼。 7.一些固定搭配中的名词前不加冠词 by bus 乘坐公交车 on foot 走路 in time 及时 at night 在晚上 last year 去年 热身小练③ 选一选，填一填。请你选择合适的冠词将下列句子补充完整。 1.Can you play______________(a,an, the,/)chess? 2.Sam is______________(a,an, the,/)American boy. 3.______________(a,an, the,/)girl in red is my______________(a,an,the,/)sister. 4. There are many______________(a,an,the,/) trees in______________(a,an,the,/)park. 答案：1./ 2. an 3. The;/ 4./;the 知识精练 一、单选题 ( )1．Spring Festival is ______ important festival in China. A．a B．an C．/ ( )2．China is ________ old country. Many foreigners (外国人) learn more about her on ________ Internet. A．a; the B．an; an C．an; the ( )3．—Where is Mr. Smith’s office? —It’s on ______ floor of the tall building right across the street. A．five B．fifth C．the five D．the fifth ( )4．—Did you play ______ ping-pong? —No, I didn’t. I played ______ piano. A．/; the B．the; the C．the; / ( )5．—How do you usually go to school? —By ______ bus, but sometimes I ride ______ bike. A．a; the B．a; / C．/; a ( )6．What ______ interesting story! I like it very much. A．a B．an C．the ( )7．Lang Lang is ______ great artist. He plays ______ piano well. A．a; the B．an; the C．an; a ( )8．There is ______ apple tree in my garden. In ______ tree, there is ______ small house for the birds. A．an; the; a B．an; the; an C．the; the; a D．an; the; the ( )9．______ clock on the wall in his bedroom is very expensive. A．The B．An C．A ( )10．Paris is ______ capital of ______ France. A．the; / B．the; a C．a; a ( )11．______ sun is very shining. A．A B．An C．The ( )12．Jack has ______ umbrella. ______ umbrella is new. A．an; A B．an; the C．an; The ( )13．Alice is fond of playing ______ piano but her father bought her ______ violin. A．the; a B．the; the C．a; a D．a; the ( )14．—What are you going to do tomorrow? —I’m going to have ______ art lesson A．a B．an C．the D．/ ( )15．There is _____ “E” in _____ word “read”. A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a ( )16．Linda wants to be _______ teacher. She wants to work in _______ university. A．a; a B．a; an C．an; an ( )17．—______ is the lab? —It’s on ______ floor. A．Where’s; fifth B．What; the second C．Where; the second D．What’s; two ( )18．Speaking is _______ useful way for us to learn English. A．a B．the C．an D．/ ( )19．You need about _______ hour of exercise a day. A．a B．the C．an ( )20．That is __________ dinosaur in this hall. A．the tallest B．tallest C．taller 二、选词/短语填空 21．Alice wants to buy ______ (an / a) new bike. 22．We usually have __________ (an / a) dragon boat race. 23．What ____ (an / a) interesting storybook! 24．She's sending ____ (a / an) email to my friend. 25．Here is ________ (a / an) umbrella for you. 26．Li Ping is playing ______ (the / a) flute. 27．Lucy wants _____ (a / an) ice cream. 28．What ______ (a / an) interesting DVD! 29．This is _______ (a / an) little ant. 选择正确的冠词填空 a     an     the     / 30．I have ________ orange. It’s ________ big orange. 31．________ Great Wall is ________ longest wall all over the world. It’s in ________ China. 32．This is ________ old book. But it is ________ useful book. 33．I like playing ________ piano. But my brother likes playing ________ football. 34．I usually have ________ dinner at 6:30 p.m. Then I go for ________ walk with my parents. 35．What ________ interesting story it is! 36．________ children are very happy on ________ Children’s Day. 37．Look! There’s ________ apple tree. ________ tree is tall. You can see ________ cat under it. 三、用适当的冠词填空。 38．________ Greens went to England last month. 39．Would you like ________ apple or ________ banana? 40．Do you know ________ boy’s name? 41．________ pencil on the book is hers. 42．My sister is ________ honest girl. 四、用适当的冠词填空。 43．There is ________ girl under the tree, ________ girl is Lucy. 44．It’s windy in ________ spring. 45．I am good at playing ________ soccer, and my sister is good at playing ________ violin. 46．My father goes to work six days in ________ week. 47．We went to the park in ________ morning and went shopping in ________ afternoon. 答案： 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．A 11．C 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．a 22．a 23．an 24．an 25．an 26．the 27．an 28．an 29．a 30． an a 31．The the / 32．an a 33．the / 34． / a 35．an 36．The / 37．an The a 38．The 39．an a 40．the 41．The 42．an 43．a the 44．/ 45． / the 46．a 47．the the 记忆口诀 定冠词e 复数姓氏年代前,固定搭配及习语; 特指双方都熟悉,或者上文曾提及; 世上独一无二物,方位名词和乐器; 遇到序数最高级,定冠词the必在前。 不定冠词a/an 冠词a,an两种帽,单数可教名词要。 开头续音是元音,要把an帽来桃选。 辅音开头戴a帽,记住规律莫乱套。 不定冠词相当one,但不强调"教"观念。 零冠词 下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前; 专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭; 复数名词表泣指,节日星期月份前; 语种城市和国名,称呼习语及头街。