专题02 介词-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

小学语法精讲精练 专题02 介词 思考引入 介词在英语中有什么作用呢? 介词就像"中介"一样,它连接不同的成分,用来表示词与词之间、词与句子之间的关系。 可是介词的用法太多了,根本记不住啊! 哈哈!不要气馁。英语中介词的用法确实多种多样,但我们可以根据介词的用途将其分类,这样记起来就容易多了。 知识概览 知识精讲 一、时间介词 表示在某个时间的介词叫时间介词，常用的有at,on,in等。 1.at用于很短的时间和准确的数字前 (1)用于具体的时间点前 I usually get up at 7:00.我通常七点起床。 (2)用于短暂的时刻前 I don't like going out at night.我不喜欢晚上外出。 (3)用于进餐时间前 We can talk about it at lunch.我们可以在午餐时讨论。 (4)用于年龄前 I started to learn English at 5.我五岁开始学英语的。 (5)用于某些固定搭配中 at first起初，首先at last最后，终于at the beginning开始at the moment目前，此刻 2.on用于某天或某几天前 (1)用于日期前 April Fool's Day is on April 1st.愚人节是四月一日。 (2)用于星期前 We have English on Monday.我们星期一有英语课。 Is the museum open on Sundays?博物馆星期天开放吗? (3)用于节假日前 I want to give a card to Miss Li on Teachers' Day.我想在教师节送李老师一张贺卡。 3.in用于较长的一段时间前 (1)泛指一天的早上/下午/傍晚 What time do you usually get up in the morning?你通常早上几点起床? (2)用于周、月、季节、年等大于一天的时间前 I was born in 2012.我出生于2012年。 My birthday is in May.我的生日在五月。 其他常见的时间介词： before在……之前 after在……之后 past晚于 during在……期间 since自从…… until到……时；直到……才 热身小练① 填一填。请你填写合适的时间介词将下列句子补充完整。 1.He was born__________November 2010. 2.People often go to work__________Mondays. 3. They came __________six and went__________nine. 答案：1.in 2.on 3.at; at 二、地点介词 地点介词包含表示地点的介词和表示方位的介词。 1.表示地点的常用介词 (1)at后面接较小的地点或精确的位置，如：学校、医院、车站等 I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。 You can call me at 028-3357980.你可以打电话028-3357980给我。 (电话、邮箱可看作具体地址) (2)in后面接表示大范围和相对较大的空间，如：村、镇、城市、国家等 I live in Chengdu.我住在成都。 Tom is studying in China.汤姆正在中国学习。 2.表示方位的常用介词 (1)on,意为“在……上面” My Chinese book is on my desk.我的语文书在我的书桌上。 (2)under,意为“在……下面” Lily is sitting under a big tree.莉莉正坐在一棵大树下面。 (3)in,意为“在……里面” My pen is in my pencil box.我的钢笔在我的文具盒里。 (4)between,意为“在……之间”,两者之间 The hospital is between the shop and the restaurant. 医院位于商店和饭馆之间。 (5)beside/next to,意为“在……旁边” Wendy sits beside/next to me.温迪坐在我旁边。 (6)behind,意为“在……后面” There is a park behind our school.我们学校后面有一个公园。 (7) in(the)front of,意为“在……前面” The tree is in front of the house. 这棵树在房子前面。(树在房子外面) The blackboard is in the front of the classroom. 黑板在教室的前面。(黑板在教室里面) 热身小练② 填一填。请你填写合适的地点介词将下列句子补克完整。 1.China is__________Asia. 2.My home is__________the park and the hospital. 3.I'm short but Tina is tall, so she sits__________me. 4. It's very cold outside. I'd like to stay__________home. 答案：1.in 2. between 3.behind 4.at 三、方式介词 表示方式和手段的介词叫方式介词。常见的方式介词有by,in,through,with等。 1.by,意为“通过” (1)by+交通工具，表示所用的交通方式 l go to school by bike.我骑自行车去上学。 (2)by doing,表示通过某种方式 We study English by playing games. 我们通过玩游戏来学习英语。 2.through,意为“通过，凭借”,表示通过某种方式，有时可与by互换 He succeeded through hard work. 他通过努力工作取得了成功。 He makes himself relaxed through/by listening to music.他通过听音乐来使自己放松。 3.in,意为“用”,表示使用某种材料、语言等 He paid in cash.他用现金支付。 Let's talk in English!我们用英语交流吧! 4. with,意为“用，以”,表示使用某种工具 I painted the picture with crayons.我用蜡笔给这幅画上色。 Chop the onions with a sharp knife.用尖刀把洋葱切碎。 热身小练③ 填一填。请你填写合适的方式介词将下列句子补充完整。 1.Shall I write__________this pen? 2.Please read it__________Chinese. 3.My father goes to work__________car. 答案：1.with 2.in 3.by 四、其他常用介词 1.of,意为“……的”,表示从属关系，多用于名词所有格中 This is a map of China.这是一张中国的地图。He is a friend of my father.他是我父亲的一位朋友。 2.for,意为“为了”时，表示目的；意为“由于”时，表示原因 What did you do that for?你这么做是为了什么?(表目的) I'm sorry for what l did.我为我做的事情感到抱歉。(表原因) 3.from,意为“从……”,后面接地点时，表示来自某地；接时间时，常与to连用，表示从某时到某时 Tina is from Singapore.蒂娜来自新加坡。 My piano class is from ten to eleven.我的钢琴课是从十点到十一点。 4.about,意为“关于”,表示某种事物的内容 They are talking about music.他们正在谈论音乐。 This is a book about friendship.这是一本关于友情的书。 5.through,意为“穿过”,表示空间上的穿过、经过 Light comes in through the window.光穿过窗户照进来。 We passed through France on our way to Italy.我们在去意大利的路上经过了法国。 6. with,意为“和……一起；具有，带有”,表示伴随 I'm going shopping with my mother.我要和我妈妈一起去购物。 My grandparents live in a big house with a beautiful garden. 我的祖父母住在一栋有漂亮花园的大房子里。 热身小练④ 填一填。请你填写合适的介词将下列句子补充完整。 1.This is a picture__________my family. 2. They are__________the same school. 3.My brother is playing__________a little dog. 4. Can you tell me__________your school life? 答案：1.of 2.from 3.with 4. about 知识精练 一、单选题 ( )1．Children’s Day is ________ the first of June. A．on B．in C．at ( )2．Mike will travel to Beijing ________ three days. A．for B．on C．at ( )3．Next week we will travel in Hainan ______ seven days. A．at B．in C．for ( )4．—When is Tree Planting Day, Li Lei? —It’s ______ March 12th. A．at B．in C．on D．to ( )5．It’s next ______ the park ______ Qingnian Street. A．to; on B．to; at C．at; on ( )6．The Dragon Boat Festival is ______ the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, usually in June. A．in B．at C．on ( )7．Lily was born _______ February 24th, 1999. A．in B．on C．at ( )8．I’m going there _____ plane _____ June 12. A．by; in B．on; in C．by; on ( )9．We often have dinner ______ 6:30 ______ the evening ______ the weekend. A．at; in; on B．in; of; at C．with; by; to ( )10．I’m going to the post office ________ five o’clock. A．on B．in C．at ( )11．Turn right ________ the cinema, then go ________. A．at; straight B．at; on C．on; for ( )12．I often go for a walk ______ my mother on the weekend. A．and B．but C．with D．in ( )13．Our art room is _______ the second floor. A．in B．on C．of D．under ( )14．They go to London __________ plane. A．on B．by C．with ( )15．She takes the bus __________ a different way. A．in B．with C．use ( )16．I'm going to buy a toy rabbit ______ my lucky money. A．with B．and C．for ( )17．Tim is talking ______ his travel plan ______ his brother. A．with; about B．about; and C．about; with 二、选词/短语填空 选词填空。 A．On    B．with    C． for      D．to     E. of 18．When did they get back ___________ Henan? 19．___________ the first day, I had a cold. 20．She wants to buy a new kite ___________ me. 21．I’m playing baseball ___________ my friends. 22．I took lots ___________ pictures yesterday. 三、补全句子 23．My hobby is collecting stamps ___________ (从……来) Canada. 24．There are many big cities in China _________ (像)Beijing and Shanghai. 25．Can I have some noodles w____________ meat? 26．You can’t go to school ____________ (无；没有) breakfast. 27．This is my postcard _____________ (来自) the US. 四、按要求填空 (A)用适当的介词填空。 28．We are going to the Ming Tombs _________ the afternoon. 29．The Great Wall is not far _________ the Ming Tombs. 30．We can learn a lot _________ the history of China. 31．The Ming Tombs are in the north _________ Beijing. 32．We are going to stay in Nanjing _________ three days. (B)用适当的介词填空。 33．Go _________ this road. 34．_________ the road, there is a hotel. 35．There is a new car _________ front of the building. 36．The book shop is _________ the left. 37．I was born _________ July 2, and my birthday is coming soon. 38．I want to buy an interesting book _________ animals. (C)用适当的介词填空。 39．Now we can play games _________ English. 40．I stayed _________ home last winter. 41．We learn _________ each other. 42．Let me tell you something _________ my school life. 43．We often worked _________ groups. 答案： 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．A 16．A 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．E 23．from 24．like 25．with 26．without 27．from 28．in 29．from 30．about 31．of 32．for 33．down 34．Across 35．in 36．on 37．on 38．about 39．in 40．at 41．from 42．about 43．in 记忆口诀 时间介词 年月周前要用in,日期前面却不行。 遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in; 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。 午夜黄昏用at,黎明用它也不错。 地点介词 on在上面，under下； in在里面，behind后； 旁边beside和next to; between位于两者间。