专题16 简单句-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

小学语法精讲精练 专题16 简单句 思考引入 老师,我们上一课学了句子成分,那今天我们是不是学习如何用这些成分造句呀? 是的!我们不仅要搞清楚句子成分,还要知道有哪些句型才能造句呢。我们把句子的5种基本成分组合在一起就变成了简单句的5种基本句型。这就是我们今天学习的重点--简单句。 简单句,简单句肯定就不难啦,我应该能学会! 哈哈哈!那你可得好好听了。 知识概览 知识精讲 一、简单句的基本含义 简单句是只含有一个主谓结构的句子，并且句子各成分只由单词或短语构成。 I have a basketball.我有一个篮球。 主语 谓语 My family and I live in China.我的家人和我都住在中国。 主语 谓语 热身小练① 找一找。请你找出下列句子的主语和谓语，并写在横线上。 1. The bus comes.主语：__________________ 谓语：__________________ 2.I drink a cup of coffee.主语：__________________ 谓语：__________________ 答案：1.The bus comes 2.I drink 二、简单句的五种基本句型 根据不同的谓语动词以及句子成分的不同组成方式，简单句可分为以下5种基本句型。 1.主语+谓语 Class begins.开始上课了。 Sarah laughs.萨拉笑了。 这种句型的谓语一般是不及物动词，后面不需跟宾语就能使句子意义完整。 小学阶段常见的不及物动词有： come来 sit坐 swim游泳 see明白 go去 begin开始 rain下雨 sleep睡觉 stop停止 look看 fail失败 listen听 work工作 run跑 laugh笑 3.主语+系动词+表语 I am a student.我是一名学生。 He is a pilot.他是一名飞行员。 They are friends.他们是朋友。 这种句型的谓语由“系动词+表语”共同构成，主要用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份等。 小学阶段我们需要掌握的系动词就是be动词。 4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 Tom gives me a book.汤姆给了我一本书。 Mr. Smith teaches us math.史密斯先生教我们数学。 “间接宾语+直接宾语”又称为双宾语。 小学阶段常见的带双宾语的动词有： give给 tell告诉 make做 buy买 send送 teach教 cook做饭 get收到 支付 show展示 do做 write写 pass传递 5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 Reading makes me happy.阅读使我快乐。 I hear the baby crying.我听见宝宝在哭。 “宾语+宾语补足语”又称为复合宾语。 小学阶段常见的接复合宾语的动词有： call把……叫作 find找到 hear听见 make使变得 see看见 think认为 keep保持 watch看 热身小练② 请你写一写下列句子的结构。 1.I know him._________________________________ 2.The panda sleeps._________________________________ 3. He is from Britain._________________________________ 4. Lina paints the cat pink._________________________________ 5.My mother made me a hamburger._________________________________ 答案：1.主语+谓语+宾语 2.主语+谓语 3.主语+系动词+表语4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 三、特殊的简单句---there be句型 1.there be句型表示“某地有某物或某人”,其结构是：There be +主语+地点状语。 There is a tree here.这里有一棵树。 There are many trees in the park.公园里面有很多树。 2.在there be句型中，当有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词的单复数与 离它最近的那个主语的单复数形式一致，这就是there be句型的“就近一致”原则。 There is a desk and two chairs in my room.我的房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。 There are two chairs and a desk in my room.我的房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。 热身小练③ 填一填。请你用be动词的不同形式将下列句子补充完整，并找出每个句子的主语填写在横线上。 1. There______________a bed in my room. 主语：______________ 2.There______________two books on my desk. 主语：______________ 3.There______________some trees and a river in the park. 主语：______________ 4. There______________an eraser and two pencils in my pencil box. 主语：______________ 答案：1.is a bed 2.are two books 3.are some trees and a river 4. is an eraser and two pencils 知识精练 一、写出下列句子的句子结构 1．I need a pen. (请写出句子结构) __________________________________________________________ 2．My telephone number is 235748.(写出句子结构) __________________________________________________________ 3．请写出该句子是五种基本句型中的哪一种。 Talent shows are getting more and more popular. __________________________________________________________ 4．写出以下句子的基本句型：Jacky is hard-working. __________________________________________________________ 5．The soup tastes delicious. （写出句子结构） __________________________________________________________ 6．Sally can play the piano very well.（写出结构） __________________________________________________________ 7．David keeps his hair short. __________________________________________________________ 8．Cathy lend her bike to her best friend yesterday. __________________________________________________________ 9．Mr Smith is strict with us. (写出句子结构) __________________________________________________________ 10．The waiter passed me the food. (写出句子结构) __________________________________________________________ 11．The old man always keeps his small house warm and clean.（写出句子结构） __________________________________________________________ 答案：1．主+谓+宾2．主+系+表3．主+系+表4．主系表5．主语+系动词+表语 6．主语+谓语+宾语7．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语8．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语+状语 9．主+系+表+状10．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语11．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 二、单选题 1．There _______ any mangoes in the fridge now. But there _______ some mango juice. A．are; isn’t B．aren’t; are C．aren’t; is 2．There _____ a lot of grass before. But now there _____ more and more buildings. A．are; are B．was; were C．was; are 3．There ______ no gyms in my school five years ago. A．was B．is C．were D．are 4．—Why are you in such a hurry, John? —There ______ a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes. A．is going to be B．is going to have C．will have D．will hold 5．There ______ a computer in my home ten years ago. A．is B．was C．were 6．—______ two glasses of juice in the fridge? —No. A．Was there B．There were C．Were there 7．There ______ any traffic lights here. A．are B．aren’t C．isn’t D．is 8．It’s so hot outside, but there is _______ juice in the fridge. Let’s go shopping and buy some. A．a little B．few C．a lot of D．little 9．There ______ an apple and some vegetables on the table yesterday morning. A．is B．were C．was 10．There _______ some water in the bottle. A．are B．is C．isn’t D．aren’t 11．There _________ a glass of water in the picture. A．is B．has C．are 12．In the past, there _____________ no library in my school. A．was B．is C．were 13．__________ there many toys in the shop? A．Am B．Is C．Are 14．—Is there a rabbit _______ the moon? —________ A．on; No, there isn’t. B．in; No, there isn’t. C．on; Yes, there is. 15．There ______ 45 students in our class last year. A．are B．was C．were 三、用单词正确形式填空 16．There ______ (be) some chicken and hamburgers on the table. 17．There _____ (be) enough time to work. Hurry up! 18．There _______ (be) a ball and two dolls in the box. 19．There ______ (be) some birds in the sky. 20．There ______ (be) a theatre and two museums in that countryside two years ago. 21．There ________ (be) many stars and strips on the flag. 22．_________ (there be not) any coffee in the cup. 23．There ______ (be) some grass in the park in springs. 24．There ____ (is) no gym in my school three years ago, but now there is a new one. 25．There _________ (be) an apple and five mangoes on the table. 26．Many years ago, there ________(be) an old man called Yu Gong. 答案： 1．C 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．C 16．is 17．isn’t 18．is 19．are 20．was 21．are 22．There isn’t/ There is not 23．is 24．was 25．is 26．was 记忆口诀 简单句的5种基本句型 英语句子有总根,5种句型定乾坤。 句型核心为动词,后接什么是关键。 系动词后接表语,不及物独身无牵连。 及物独自占三种,单宾双宾和宾补。 there句型 There be,有特点,主语放在be后面。 单数主语用is,复数主语要用are。 多个主语并列时,就近原则记心间。