专题18 复合句-小学语法精讲精练（附口诀、练习和答案）.docx

小学语法精讲精练 专题18 复合句 思考引入 老师,简单句比较简单,那复合句是不是很难? 复合句由主句和从句组成。它就像一棵大树,主句是树干,从句就是树枝。主句是表达所陈述内容的重点,从句补充相关的背景和细节。 复合句听起来真的不简单呢！ 别急,我们往下看! 知识概览 知识精讲 一、复合句的基本含义和结构 复合句是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，由“一个主句+一个或多个从句”构成。 主句是主体，可以独立成句。从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立成句，须由一个引导词引导。 复合句有以下两种基本结构。 1.主句+引导词+从句 I don't know what he said.我不知道他说了什么。 I want to be a doctor when I grow up.我长大后想当一名医生。 2.引导词+从句+主句 If you like science, you can be a scientist. 如果你喜欢科学，你可以成为一名科学家。 When I was a child, I dreamed to be an English teacher. 当我还是个孩子的时候，我梦想成为一名英语老师。 热身小练① 找一找。请你找出下列句子的引导词、主句或从句，并写在横线上。 1. You told me where you lived.引导词：__________________________________ 2. She gave me the book which is in English.主 句：__________________________________ 3. If you go abroad, I will go with you.从 句：__________________________________ 答案：1.where 2.She gave me the book 3.If you go abroad 二、宾语从句 宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，一般由从属连词、连接代词和连接副词来引导。 1.从属连词：that, whether,if She said(that) she would come.她说过她会来的。 that引导宾语从句时没有实际含义，不充当句子成分，因此可以省略。 We discussed whether/if we should go to see the film. 我们讨论了是否应该去看电影。 2.连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which等 Do you know who is coming?你知道谁要来吗? I don't know what they are looking for.我不知道他们在找什么。 3.连接副词：where,how,why, when等 I know where she lives.我知道她住在哪里。 We don't know why he didn't come yesterday.我们不知道他昨天为什么没有来。 Could you tell me when the train will leave?你能告诉我火车什么时候开吗? 热身小练② 判一判。请你判断下列句子画线部分是否为宾语从句(是请画“√”,不是请画“×”)。 ( )1.She says her brother is good at singing. ( )2. I don't know why so many people like to eat it. 答案：1.√ 2.√ 三、定语从句 定语从句指在复合句中充当定语的从句，一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。 1.关系代词：that,who, whom, whose, which等 I like the movies that are about Chinese history.我喜欢有关中国历史的电影。 The man who lives next to us is a teacher.住在我们隔壁的那个人是一位老师。 2.关系副词：when,why, where I still remember the day when I first came to school. 我还记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你错过飞机的原因。 This is the city where I have worked for 10 years.这就是我工作了10年的城市。 热身小练③ 判一判。请你判断下列句子画线部分是否为定语从句(是请画“√”,不是请画"×")。 ( )1. I don't know where she is. ( )2.Chengdu is the place where I was born. 答案：1.× 2.√ 四、状语从句 状语从句指在复合句中充当状语的从句，一般由从属连词来引导。 1.时间状语从句：由when,after,before等引导 When I was young, I lived in a small village.我年轻的时候住在一个小村庄里。 I watched TV after I did my homework yesterday.昨天做完家庭作业后我看了电视。 Lily drinks a glass of milk before she goes to bed every day.莉莉每天睡觉前喝一杯牛奶。 2.原因状语从句：由because等引导 She's studying because she has a test tomorrow.她正在学习，因为她明天有一场考试。 3.条件状语从句：由if等引导 If it is fine, we'll go to the park.如果天气好，我们就去公园。 4.地点状语从句：由where等引导 I found my books where I had left them. 我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。 热身小练④ 判一判。请你判断下列句子画线部分是否为状语从句(是请画“√”,不是请画“×”)。 ( )1.I'm going to play soccer after school. ( )2.My favorite season is spring because I like green. 答案：1.× 2.√ 知识精练 一、单选题 ( )1．—I’m sure ______. I have a cough and have a headache. —Take this medicine, and you’ll feel much better. A．I’ll go to school B．I’ll have a good time C．I’m very well D．I’ve got a bad cold ( )2．I want to know ______. A．whom is she looking for B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking for ( )3．—Do you know ______ the woman in red is? —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A．what B．who C．which D．how ( )4．You know slow and steady ______ the race. A．win B．winner C．wins ( )5．—What did you learn? —We learned __________ ants always work together. A．that B．which C．what ( )6．Tell me why ________ go there. A．do you want to B．do you C．you would like to ( )7．The hare was sure he ___________ win the race. A．will B．would C．can ( )8．I hope _________ to my birthday party tomorrow. A．to come B．she can come C．her to come D．she come ( )9．Do you know _______? A．how he is old B．how is he old C．how old is he D．how old he is ( )10．He told me that there ________ an interesting movie on at the cinema the next day. A．is B．will be C．would be D．is going to be ( )11．Can you do ________? A．what can I do B．what I can do C．what I can say ( )12．Excuse me, Sir, Can you tell me ________? A．how we got to the zoo B．how can we get to the zoo C．how did we get to the zoo D．how we can get to the zoo ( )13．She says she _______ go to Hainan. A．is B．will C．would ( )14．I hope that she ______ to the demands of the naughty boys. A．will not have agreed B．will not be agreed C．will not agree D．will not have been agreed ( )15．Here᾽s the chart I_________ for Danny. A．maked B．making C．makes D．made ( )16．Rosa likes music ___ is quiet and gentle. A．when B．that C．where D．who ( )17．All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A．those B．which C．what D．that ( )18．Is the river_____ through that town very large? A．which flows B．flows C．that flowing D．whose flows ( )19．Is this factory ______you visited last week? A．this B．where C．the one D．in which ( )20． The reason ____he was absent from the meeting was ____his car broke down on the way. (  ) A．that; because B．why; that C．that; that D．for; that ( )21． He lives in a village _____there are a lot of trees. A．there B．where C．that D．which ( )22．If Joe __________ too much spicy food, he will have a stomachache. A．will eat B．eat C．eats D．to eat ( )23．If he travels abroad, he _______ to Italy. A．goes B．go C．will go ( )24．What ______ if there is no rain? A．happen B．will happen C．happened D．is happening ( )25．If it _______ snow tomorrow, we _______ to the Great Wall. A．isn’t; go B．doesn’t; go C．isn’t; will go D．doesn’t; will go ( )26．We ________ the park with my parents if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. A．go to B．went to C．will go to ( )27．We can see a film ______ you have time. A．and B．if C．so ( )28．If you have a long holiday, where _______ you go? A．do B．will C．are ( )29．People __________ nice to you if you are nice to them. A．will be B．were C．are D．be ( )30．If it ______ tomorrow, I ______ football with my friends . A．rains; won’t play B．rains; don’t play C．will rain; won’t play D．rain; will play 二、用单词正确形式填空 31．We will go to the zoo if it _______ (not rain) tomorrow. 32．If it _______ (rain), we _______ (not go) on a picnic. 33．If I see a woman with a little baby, I _____ (give) her my seat. 34．The teacher told us that the earth _____ (go) around the sun. 35．My grandfather is learning how ___________  (use) the computer. 36．Danny thought he ______ (can) hit the ball. 答案： 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．A 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．B 22．C 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．B 29．A 30．A 31．doesn’t rain/does not rain 32．rains won’t go/will not go 33．will give 34．goes 35．to use 36．could 记忆口诀 宾语从句 宾语以句需注意,几点事项应牢记。 that连接陈述句,省与不省要注意。 从句若表"是否"时,if/whether要牢记。 特殊问句作宾语,仍用原来疑问词。 句子语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。 定语从句 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 which指物，人用who,that人、物皆可顾。 时间用when,原因why,地点where经常在。 状语从句 状语从句有多种，连词引导各不同。 主句通常前面走，连词引从紧随后。 从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗。