[www.staffempire.com]-2010 ASME Boiler&Pressure Vessel Code 2011a Addenda I rules for construction of power boilers.pdf

IRULES FOR CONSTRUCTIONOF POWER BOILERSASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committeeon Power BoilersAN INTERNATIONAL CODE2010 ASME Boiler&Pressure Vessel Code2011a AddendaJuly 1,2011Three Park Avenue New York,NY 10016 USAX01011Date of Issuance:July 1,2011This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria forAmerican National Standards and it is an American National Standard.The Standards Committee that approved thecode or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had anopportunity to participate.The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment thatprovides an opportunity for additional public input from industry,academia,regulatory agencies,and the public-at-large.ASME does not“approve,”“rate,”or“endorse”any item,construction,proprietary device,or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document,and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent,nor assume any such liability.Users of a code or standard areexpressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of suchrights,is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s)or person(s)affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with theestablished ASME procedures and policies,which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.The endnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrievalsystem or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:56-3934Printed in the United States of AmericaThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedTABLE OF CONTENTSList of Sections.xiiForeword.xivStatement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising.xviStatement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items.xviSubmittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee Mandatory.xviiPersonnel.xixPreamble.xxxiiSummary of Changes.xxxivList of Changes in Record Number Order.xlPart PGGeneral Requirements for all Methods of Construction.1General.1PG-1Scope.1PG-2Service Limitations.1PG-3Referenced Standards.1PG-4Units.1Materials.2PG-5General.2PG-6Plate.3PG-7Forgings.3PG-8Castings.3PG-9Pipes,Tubes,and PressureContaining Parts.3PG-10Material Identified with or Produced to a Specification not Permitted by thisSection,and Material not Fully Identified.6PG-11Miscellaneous Pressure Parts.7PG-12Water Level Indicators and Connector Material.8PG-13Stays.9PG-14Rivets.9Design.9PG-16General.9PG-17Fabrication by a Combination of Methods.10PG-18Design Validation by Proof Test.10PG-19Cold Forming of Austenitic Materials.10PG-20Cold Forming Of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels.10PG-21Maximum Allowable Working Pressure.10PG-22Loadings.13PG-23Stress Values for Calculation Formulas.13PG-25Quality Factors for Steel Castings.13PG-26Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor.15PG-27Cylindrical Components Under Internal Pressure.15PG-28Components Under External Pressure.19PG-29Dished Heads.21PG-30Stayed Dished Heads.22PG-31Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers.23Openings and Compensation.26PG-32Openings in Shells,Headers,and Dished Heads.26PG-33Compensation Required for Openings in Shells and Dished Heads.27PG-34Flangedin Openings in Formed Heads.28iiiPG-35Compensation Required for Openings in Flat Unstayed Heads and Flat StayedPlates.28PG-36Limits of Metal Available for Compensation.31PG-37Strength of Compensation.32PG-38Compensation for Multiple Openings.32PG-39Methods of Attachment of Pipe and Nozzle Necks to Vessel Walls.33PG-42General Requirements for Fittings,Flanges,and Valves.33PG-43Nozzle Neck Thickness.37PG-44Inspection Openings.37PG-46Stayed Surfaces.38PG-47Staybolts.38PG-48Location of Staybolts.39PG-49Dimensions of Staybolts.39PG-52Ligaments.39PG-53Ligaments.42PG-55Supports and Attachment Lugs.42Boiler External Piping and Boiler Proper Connections.42PG-58Outlets and External Piping.42PG-59Application Requirements for the Boiler Proper.50Design and Application.52PG-60Design and Application Requirements for Miscellaneous Pipe,Valves,andFittings.52PG-61Feedwater Supply.55Overpressure Protection Requirements.55PG-67Boiler.55PG-68Superheater and Reheater.59PG-69Certification of Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves.59PG-70Capacity of Pressure Relief Valves.67PG-71Mounting of Pressure Relief Valves.67PG-72Operation of Pressure Relief Valves.70PG-73Minimum Requirements for Pressure Relief Valves.70Fabrication.74PG-75General.74PG-76Cutting Plates and Other Stock.74PG-77Plate Identification.75PG-78Repairs of Defects in Materials.75PG-79Tube Holes and Ends.75PG-80Permissible OutofRoundness of Cylindrical Shells.75PG-81Tolerance for Formed Heads.75PG-82Holes for Stays.77Inspection and Tests.77PG-90General.77PG-91Qualification of Inspectors.77PG-93Inspection and Repair of Flat Plate in Corner Joints.78PG-99Hydrostatic Test.78Certification by Stamping and Data Reports.78PG-101Heating Surface Computation.78PG-104General.79PG-105Certification Marks.79PG-106Stamping of Boilers.81PG-107Field Assembly.84PG-108Stamping for FieldAssembled Boilers.84PG-109Stamping of Pressure Piping.84PG-110Stamping of Boiler Pressure Relief Valves.85ivPG-111Location of Stampings.85PG-112Manufacturers Data Report Forms.86PG-113Master Data Report Form.88Part PWRequirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding.89General.89PW-1General.89Materials.89PW-5General.89Design.90PW-8General.90PW-9Design of Welded Joints.90PW-10Heat Treatment.90PW-11Volumetric Examination of Welded Butt Joints.91PW-13HeadtoFlange Requirements.91PW-14Openings in or Adjacent to Welds.91PW-15Welded Connections.91PW-16Minimum Requirements for Attachment Welds.94PW-19WeldedIn Stays.100Fabrication.102PW-26General.102PW-27Welding Processes.102PW-28Welding Qualification and Weld Records.102PW-29Base Metal Preparation.103PW-31Assembly.103PW-33Alignment Tolerance,Shells and Vessels(Including Pipe or Tube Used as aShell).104PW-34Alignment,Tube and Pipe.104PW-35Finished Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints.104PW-36Miscellaneous Welding Requirements.104PW-38Preheating.105PW-39Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment.105PW-40Repair of Defects.116PW-41Circumferential Joints in Pipes,Tubes,and Headers.117PW-42Joints in Valves and Other Boiler Appurtenances.118PW-43Loading on Structural Attachments.118PW-44Fabrication Rules for Bimetallic Tubes When the Clad Strength is Included121Inspection and Tests.123PW-46General.123PW-47Check of Welding Procedure.123PW-48Check of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qualifications.123PW-49Check of Heat Treatment Practice.123PW-50Qualification of Nondestructive Examination Personnel.124PW-51Radiographic Examination.124PW-52Ultrasonic Examination.124PW-53Test Plates.125PW-54Hydrostatic Test.129Part PRRequirements for Boilers Fabricated by Riveting.131Part PBRequirements for Boilers Fabricated by Brazing.132General.132PB-1General.132Materials.132PB-5General.132PB-6Brazing Filler Metals.133PB-7Fluxes and Atmospheres.133Design.133vPB-8General.133PB-9Strength of Brazed Joints.133PB-10Brazed Joint Efficiency.133PB-14Application of Brazing Filler Metal.134PB-15Permissible Types of Joints.134PB-16Joint Clearance.134PB-17Joint Brazing Procedure.134PB-18Openings.135PB-19Brazed Connections.135Fabrication.135PB-26General.135PB-28Qualification of Brazing Procedure.135PB-29Qualification of Brazers and Brazing Operators.135PB-30Cleaning of Surfaces to be Brazed.136PB-31Clearance between Surfaces to be Brazed.136PB-32Postbrazing Operations.136PB-33Repair of Defective Brazing.136Inspection and Tests.136PB-46General.136PB-47Check of Brazing Procedure.136PB-48Brazer and Brazing Operator.136PB-49Visual Examination.136PB-50Exemptions.137Marking and Reports.137PB-51General.137Part PWTRequirements for Watertube Boilers.138General.138PWT-1General.138Materials.138PWT-5General.138Design.138PWT-8General.138PWT-9Tubes and Pipe.138PWT-11Tube Connections.138PWT-12Staybolting BoxType Headers.140PWT-13Staying Segment of Heads.140PWT-14Firing Doors.140PWT-15Access and Firing Doors.140Part PFTRequirements for Firetube Boilers.142General.142PFT-1General.142Materials.142PFT-5General.142Design.142PFT-8General.142PFT-9Thickness Requirements.142PFT-10Shell Joints.142PFT-11Attachment of Heads and Tubesheets.142PFT-12Tubes.143Combustion Chambers.144PFT-13Combustion Chamber Tubesheet.144PFT-14General.145PFT-15Plain Circular Furnaces.145PFT-17RingReinforced Type.145PFT-18Corrugated Furnaces.146viPFT-19Combined Plain Circular and Corrugated Type.146PFT-20Attachment of Furnaces.147PFT-21Fireboxes and Waterlegs.147Stayed Surfaces.149PFT-22General.149PFT-23Working Pressure for Stayed Curved Surfaces.149PFT-24Staying Horizontal Return Tube Boilers.150PFT-25Staying Segments of Heads.150PFT-26Area Supported by Stay.150PFT-27Maximum Spacing.150PFT-28Staybolts and Stays.152PFT-29Flexible Staybolts.152PFT-30Crown Bars and Girder Stays.152PFT-31Stay Tubes.153PFT-32Stresses in Diagonal Stays.153Doors and Openings.154PFT-40Welded Door Openings.154PFT-41Openings in Wrapper Sheets.154PFT-42Fireside Access Openings.154PFT-43Requirements for Inspection Openings.154PFT-44Opening Between Boiler and Pressure Relief Valve.154Domes.155PFT-45Requirements for Domes.155Setting.155PFT-46Method of Support.155Piping,Fittings,and Appliances.155PFT-47Water Level Indicators.155PFT-48Feed Piping.156PFT-49Blowoff Piping.157PFT-52Fusible Plugs.157Part PFHOptional Requirements for Feedwater Heater(When Located withinScope of Section I Rules).158PFH-1.158Part PMBRequirements for Miniature Boilers.159General.159PMB-1General.159PMB-2Scope.159Materials.159PMB-5General.159Design.159PMB-8General.159PMB-9Welding.159PMB-10Washout Openings.159PMB-11Feedwater Supply.160PMB-12Blowoff.160PMB-13Water Gages.160PMB-14Fixtures and Fittings.160PMB-15Pressure Relief Valves.160PMB-16Steam Stop Valves.160PMB-17Automatic Devices.160PMB-21Hydrostatic Tests and Inspection.160Part PEBRequirements for Electric Boilers.161General.161PEB-1General.161PEB-2Scope.161viiPEB-3Optional Requirements for the Boiler Pressure Vessel.161Materials.161PEB-5General.161Design.162PEB-8General.162PEB-9Welding.162PEB-10Inspection Openings.162PEB-11Feedwater Supply.162PEB-12Blowoff.162PEB-13Water Level Indicators.162PEB-14Pressure Gages.162PEB-15Pressure Relief Valves.162PEB-16Automatic Devices.163PEB-17Hydrostatic Test.163PEB-18Inspection and Stamping of Boilers.163PEB-19Manufacturers Data Report for Electric Boilers.164Part PVGRequirements for Organic Fluid Vaporizers.165General.165PVG-1General.165Materials.165PVG-5General.165Design.165PVG-8General.165PVG-9General Requirements.165PVG-10Gage Glasses.165PVG-11Drain Valves.165PVG-12Pressure Relief Valves.165Part PHRSGRequirements for Heat Recovery Steam Generators.167PHRSG-1General.167PHRSG-2Scope.167PHRSG-3Requirements for Superheater and Reheater Condensate Removal Connec-tions.167PHRSG-4Desuperheater Drain Pots.167PHRSG-5Certification.169Mandatory Appendix ISubmittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure VesselCommittee.170Mandatory Appendix IIStandard Units for Use in Equations.171Mandatory Appendix IIICriteria for Reapplication of a Certification Mark.172Mandatory Appendix IVLocal Thin Areas in Cylindrical Shells and in Spherical Segments ofHeads.175Nonmandatory Appendix AExplanation of the Code Containing Matter not Mandatory UnlessSpecifically Referred to in the Rules of the Code.179Nonmandatory Appendix BPositive Material Identification Practice.265ENDNOTES.269INDEX.271FiguresPG-28Maximum Internal Projection of Welded Access or Inspection Openings.20PG-31Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers.24PG-33.1Nomenclature and Formulas for Reinforced Openings.29viiiPG-33.2Some Representative Configurations Describing the Dimensions te,h,and d.30PG-33.3Chart for Determining Value of F.31PG-38Illustrations of the Rule Given in PG-38.4.32PG-42.1Welding End Transitions Maximum Envelope.36PG-46.2Acceptable Proportions for Ends of ThroughStays.38PG-52.1Diagram for Determining the Efficiency of Longitudinal and Diagonal Ligaments BetweenOpenings in Cylindrical Shells.40PG-52.2Example of Tube Spacing with Pitch of Holes Equal in Every Row.41PG-52.3Example of Tube Spacing with Pitch of Holes Unequal in Every Second Row.41PG-52.4Example of Tube Spacing with Pitch of Holes Varying in Every Second and Third Row.41PG-52.5Example of Tube Spacing with Tube Holes on Diagonal Lines.41PG-53.3Diagram for Determining Equivalent Longitudinal Efficiency of Diagonal Ligaments BetweenOpenings in Cylindrical Shells.43PG-58.3.1(a)Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping DrumType Boilers.44PG-58.3.1(b)Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Isolable Economizers Located in Feedwater Piping andIsolable Superheaters in Main Steam Piping.45PG-58.3.1(c)Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping Reheaters and Nonintegral Separately FiredSuperheaters.46PG-58.3.2Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of ForcedFlow Steam Generators with noFixed Steam or Waterline.47PG-58.3.3Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced-FlowSteam Generators with no Fixed Steam or Waterline.48PG-59.1Typical Boiler Bushings.51PG-60.3.7YType Globe Valve.54PG-60.3.9Typical Arrangement of Steam and Water Connections for a Water Column.54PG-67.4Requirements for Overpressure Protection ForcedFlow Steam Generator.57PG-80Maximum Permissible Deviation from a Circular Form,e,for Cylindrical Parts Under ExternalPressure.76PG-105.1Official Certification Mark to Denote the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Standardfor Boilers.79PG-106Form of Stamping.82PW-9.1Butt Welding of Plates of Unequal Thickness.90PW-9.2Prohibited Welded Joint.91PW-15Examples of Weld Strength Calculations.93PW-16.1Some Acceptable Types of Welded Nozzles and Other Connections to Shells,Drums,andHeaders.95PW-16.2Some Acceptable Forms of Welds for Lugs,Hangers,and Brackets on Shells,Drums,andHeaders.99PW-19.4(a)Some Acceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding.101PW-19.4(b)Unacceptable Types of Diagonal Braces for Installation by Welding.101PW-43.1Method of Computation of Attachments to Tubes.119PW-43.2Chart for Determining Load Factor,Lf.120PW-53.1Test Specimens from Longitudinal Welded Test Plates.125PW-53.2Method of Forming Longitudinal Test Plates.126PW-53.3(a)Details of Tension Test Specimens.127PW-53.3(b)Details of B