简易
胰岛素
抵抗
指标
高血压患者
发生
左心室
肥厚
预测
价值
研究
7实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2023年9月第31卷第9期 投稿网址:http:/高血压专题研究简易胰岛素抵抗指标对高血压患者发生左心室肥厚的预测价值研究张宁1,郝丽慧2,兰建强1,陈淑霞2,3,谷剑1,2,3【摘要】目的探讨4种简易胰岛素抵抗(IR)指标对高血压患者发生左心室肥厚(LVH)的预测价值。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年4月于河北省人民医院住院的高血压患者422例为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料,计算三酰甘油葡萄糖指数(TyG)、三酰甘油葡萄糖-体质指数(TyG-BMI)、三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(TG/HDL-C)及胰岛素抵抗代谢评分(METS-IR),根据左心室质量指数(LVMI)LVMI115 g/m2(男)、95 g/m2(女)将患者分为LVH组及非LVH组。高血压患者发生LVH的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析;采用ROC曲线分析TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C及METS-IR对高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值。结果422例高血压患者中发生LVH 92例,LVH发生率为21.8%。两组性别、年龄、有吸烟史者占比、入院时收缩压、入院时脉压、Hb、TG、TyG、TG/HDL-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、TG/HDL-C为高血压患者发生LVH的独立影响因素(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.58695%CI(0.520,0.652)、0.52195%CI(0.451,0.591)、0.55595%CI(0.485,0.625)、0.52795%CI(0.455,0.599),预测男性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.74595%CI(0.642,0.848)、0.68895%CI(0.550,0.826)、0.79395%CI(0.687,0.899)、0.74595%CI(0.611,0.879),预测女性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.65795%CI(0.576,0.739)、0.53195%CI(0.446,0.616)、0.62695%CI(0.541,0.711)、0.52795%CI(0.439,0.614)。结论性别、TG/HDL-C是高血压患者发生LVH的独立影响因素,TyG、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对男性高血压患者发生LVH具有一定预测价值。【关键词】高血压;心肌病,肥厚性;胰岛素抵抗;预测【中图分类号】R 544.1R 542.2【文献标识码】ADOI:10.12114/j.issn.1008-5971.2023.00.135Predictive Value of Simple Insulin Resistance Indicators for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with HypertensionZHANG Ning1,HAO Lihui2,LAN Jianqiang1,CHEN Shuxia2,3,GU Jian1,2,31.Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China2.Graduate School of Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou 075000,China3.Department of Cardiology,Hebei General Hospital,Shijiazhuang 050051,ChinaCorresponding author:GU Jian,E-mail:【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of four simple insulin resistance(IR)indicators for left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH)in patients with hypertension.MethodsA total of 422 hypertension patients hospitalized in Hebei General Hospital from January 2020 to April 2022 were retrospectively selected as the research objects.The clinical data of the patients were collected,and the triglyceride glucose index(TyG),triglyceride glucose index-body mass index(TyG-BMI),triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio(TG/HDL-C),and metabolic score for insulin resistance(METS-IR)were calculated.According to the left ventricular mass index(LVMI)LVMI 115 g/m2(male),95 g/m2(famale),patients were divided into LVH group and non LVH group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of LVH in hypertension patients;ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for LVH in hypertension patients.ResultsAmong 422 hypertension patients,92 cases had LVH,incidence rate of LVH was 21.8%.There were significant differences in gender,age,proportion of patients with history of smoking,systolic blood pressure at admission,pulse pressure at admission,Hb,TG,TyG,TG/HDL-C between the two groups(P 0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,TG/HDL-C were independent influencing factors for LVH in hypertension patients(P 基金项目:2020年度河北省医学科学研究课题计划项目(20200712)作者单位:1.063210河北省唐山市,华北理工大学研究生学院2.075000河北省张家口市,河北北方学院研究生学院3.050051河北省石家庄市,河北省人民医院心内科通信作者:谷剑,E-mail:扫描二维码查看更多8Pract J Cardiac Cereb Pneum Vasc DisSeptember 2023,Vol.31No.9http:/高血压是全球最常见的公共卫生问题之一,其发病率逐年上升。左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)作为高血压常见的亚临床靶器官损伤,可明显增加高血压患者发生冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、心力衰竭、脑卒中甚至猝死的风险1-3。既往研究表明,胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)可使健康人群高血压的发病风 险增加4-6,且随着IR升高,高血压患者LVH的发病率也明显升高7-9。但既往研究均根据稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)来评估IR,数据获取较难,故难以在临床上广泛应用。既往研究显示,三酰甘油葡萄糖指数(triglyceride glucose index,TyG)10、三酰甘油葡萄糖-体质指数(triglyceride glucose index-body mass index,TyG-BMI)11、三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio,TG/HDL-C)12及胰岛素抵抗代谢评分(metabolic score for insulin resistance,METS-IR)13是非胰岛素依赖性的简易IR指标,可用于评估IR。上述4种指标具有评价简单、与IR相关性较好的特点。本研究旨在探讨这4项指标对高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值,现报道如下。1对象与方法1.1研究对象回顾性选取2020年1月至2022年4月于河北省人民医院住院的高血压患者422例为研究对象,其中男226例、女196例;平均年龄(54.114.0)岁。纳入标准:(1)年龄18岁;(2)在未服用降压药的情况下,非同日3次测量诊室收缩压140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和/或舒张压90 mm Hg14或既往已明确诊断为高血压者。排除标准:(1)继发性高血压者;(2)伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、肥厚型心肌病、严重心律失常(包括心房颤动、心房扑动、室性心动过速等)、心脏瓣膜病及纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)分级或级者;(3)合并急性脑血管病者;(4)合并糖尿病者;(5)伴有肝、肾功能明显异常者;(6)伴有血液系统或风湿免疫系统疾病,应用激素或免疫抑制剂药物治疗者;(7)甲状腺功能亢进或减退者;(8)合并恶性肿瘤者。本研究获得河北省人民医院医学伦理委员会审核通过(编号:2023048)。1.2资料收集收集患者的临床资料,包括性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟史、高血压病程,入院时收缩压、舒张压、脉压、心率,实验室检查指标WBC、Hb、估算肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFR)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C,计算TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C及METS-IR。TyG=lnTG(mg/dl)FPG(mg/dl)/2,TyG-BMI=TyGBMI,METS-IR=ln2FPG(mg/dl)+TG(mg/dl)BMI(kg/m2)/lnHDL-C(mg/dl)。1.3分组根据左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)将患者分为LVH组及非LVH组。LVMI=左心室质量(left ventricular mass,LVM)/体表面积,其中LVM0.81.04室间隔厚度(cm)+左心室后壁厚度(cm)+左心室舒张末期内径(cm)3-左心室舒张末期内径(cm)3+0.6;体表面积=0.006 1身高(cm)+0.012 8 体质量(kg)-0.152 9。LVMI115 g/m2(男)、95 g/m2(女)为发生LVH15-16。1.4统计学方法采用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行数据处理。计量资料采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验进行正态性检验;符合正态分布的计量资料以(xs)表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验;不符合正态分布的计量资料以M(P25,P75)表示,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料以相对数表示,组间比较采用2检验;高血压患者发生LVH的影响因素分析采用多因素Logistic回归分析;采用ROC曲线分析TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C及METS-IR对高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1临床资料422例高血压患者中发生LVH 92例,LVH发生率为21.8%。两组BMI、高血压病程、入院时舒张压、入院时心率、WBC、eGFR、FPG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、TyG-BMI、METS-IR比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组性别、年龄、有吸烟史者占比、入院时收缩压、入院时脉压、Hb、TG、TyG、TG/HDL-C比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表1。2.2高血压患者发生LVH影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析以高血压患者是否发生LVH(赋值:发生=1,未发生=0)为因变量,以性别(赋值:男=1,女=2)、年龄(实测值)、吸烟史(赋值:有=1,无=0)、入院时收缩压(实测值)、入院时脉压(实测值)、Hb(实测值)、TG(实测值)、TyG(实测值)、TG/HDL-C(实测值)为自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,性别、TG/HDL-C为高血压患者发生LVH的独立影响因素(P0.05),见表2。2.3TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对高血压患者0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for predicting LVH in hypertension patients was 0.586 95%CI(0.520,0.652),0.521 95%CI(0.451,0.591),0.555 95%CI(0.485,0.625),0.527 95%CI(0.455,0.599);the AUC of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for predicting LVH in male hypertension patients was 0.745 95%CI(0.642,0.848),0.688 95%CI(0.550,0.826),0.793 95%CI(0.687,0.899),0.745 95%CI(0.611,0.879);the AUC of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for predicting LVH in female hypertension patients was 0.657 95%CI(0.576,0.739),0.531 95%CI(0.446,0.616),0.626 95%CI(0.541,0.711),0.527 95%CI(0.439,0.614).ConclusionGender,TG/HDL-C are independent influencing factors for LVH in hypertension patients.TyG,TG/HDL-C,METS-IR have certain predictive value for LVH in male hypertension patients.【Key words】Hypertension;Cardiomyopathy,hypertrophic;Insulin resistance;Forecasting9实用心脑肺血管病杂志 2023年9月第31卷第9期 投稿网址:http:/发生LVH的预测价值ROC曲线分析结果显示,TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.58695%CI(0.520,0.652)、0.52195%CI(0.451,0.591)、0.55595%CI(0.485,0.625)、0.52795%CI(0.455,0.599),见表3。TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测男性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.74595%CI(0.642,0.848)、0.68895%CI(0.550,0.826)、0.79395%CI(0.687,0.899)、0.74595%CI(0.611,0.879),见表4。TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测女性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC分别为0.65795%CI(0.576,0.739)、0.53195%CI(0.446,0.616)、0.62695%CI(0.541,0.711)、0.52795%CI(0.439,0.614),见表5。3讨论高血压是最常见的慢性病之一,随着人口老龄化进程表1非LVH组与LVH组临床资料比较Table 1Comparison of clinical data between non-LVH group and LVH group 项目非LVH组(n=330)LVH组(n=92)检验统计量值P值性别(男/女)203/12723/6938.565a0.001年龄(xs,岁)53.413.556.715.1-2.021b0.044BMI(xs,kg/m2)26.83.526.64.20.486b0.628吸烟史n(%)87(26.4)14(15.2)4.910a0.027高血压病程M(P25,P75),年3.0(0.6,10.0)5.0(0.7,10.0)-1.717c0.086入院时收缩压(xs,mm Hg)1522015722-2.084b0.038入院时舒张压(xs,mm Hg)911590151.493b0.136入院时脉压M(P25,P75),mm Hg57(49,68)64(52,82)-3.1290.002入院时心率(xs,次/min)781376150.974b0.330WBCM(P25,P75),109/L6.1(5.2,7.3)5.9(4.8,7.2)-1.018c0.309Hb(xs,g/L)14216134144.243b0.001eGFR(xs,ml/min)97.414.097.214.10.126b0.900FPG(xs,mmol/L)5.060.655.130.63-1.018b0.309TC(xs,mmol/L)4.831.074.771.060.478b0.633TGM(P25,P75),mmol/L1.20(0.95,1.72)1.50(1.06,2.10)-3.054c0.002HDL-C(xs,mmol/L)1.210.291.190.300.591b0.555LDL-C(xs,mmol/L)3.160.793.080.780.868b0.386TyG(xs)8.50.48.70.4-3.165b0.002TyG-BMI(xs)229.535.9232.041.8-0.579b0.563TG/HDL-CM(P25,P75)2.5(1.7,3.5)3.2(1.8,4.6)-2.643c0.008METS-IR(xs)40.36.640.88.4-0.533b0.595注:LVH=左心室肥厚,eGFR=估算肾小球滤过率,FPG=空腹血糖,TyG=三酰甘油葡萄糖指数,TyG-BMI=三酰甘油葡萄糖-体质指数,TG/HDL-C=三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值,METS-IR=胰岛素抵抗代谢评分;a表示2值,b表示t值,c表示Z值表2高血压患者发生LVH影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析Table 2Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of LVH in hypertension patients变量SEWald2值P值OR值95%CI性别2.3060.45325.9260.00110.031(4.129,24.365)年龄0.0100.0130.5360.4641.010(0.984,1.036)吸烟史0.4190.4580.8350.3611.520(0.619,3.731)入院时收缩压0.0150.0111.8070.1791.015(0.993,1.038)入院时脉压0.0090.0140.4700.4931.009(0.983,1.037)Hb-0.013 0.0121.2440.2650.987(0.965,1.010)TG-1.081 0.6242.9950.0840.339(0.100,1.154)TyG1.4240.8252.9780.0844.153(0.824,20.929)TG/HDL-C0.6610.18912.2670.0011.937(1.338,2.804)表3TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值Table 3Predictive value of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for LVH in hypertension patients项目AUC95%CI最佳截断值约登指数灵敏度特异度TyG0.586(0.520,0.652)8.50.1640.7010.463TyG-BMI0.521(0.451,0.591)228.00.0850.5220.563TG/HLD-C0.555(0.485,0.625)3.30.1700.4710.699METS-IR0.527(0.455,0.599)32.40.1140.8960.218表4TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对男性高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值Table 4Predictive value of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for LVH in male hypertension patients项目AUC95%CI最佳截断值约登指数灵敏度特异度TyG0.745(0.642,0.848)9.00.4650.6520.813TyG-BMI0.688(0.550,0.826)290.00.3710.4350.936TG/HLD-C 0.793(0.687,0.899)5.80.5210.5650.956METS-IR0.745(0.611,0.879)48.90.5090.6520.857表5TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对女性高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值Table 5Predictive value of TyG,TyG-BMI,TG/HDL-C and METS-IR for LVH in famale hypertension patients项目AUC95%CI最佳截断值约登指数灵敏度特异度TyG0.657(0.576,0.739)8.50.2730.6670.606TyG-BMI0.531(0.446,0.616)210.90.1180.6380.480TG/HLD-C 0.626(0.541,0.711)2.90.2600.4490.811METS-IR0.527(0.439,0.614)39.30.1770.4780.699加剧,人们将长期伴随高血压生存,如血压控制不佳还可出现无症状LVH,进而增加严重心脑血管并发症及死亡的风险17。多项研究表明,IR是高血压患者发生LVH的影响因素7-9。高胰岛素血症可激活交感神经及肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,通过刺激生长效应引起心肌细胞肥大18。10Pract J Cardiac Cereb Pneum Vasc DisSeptember 2023,Vol.31No.9http:/同时,IR状态下葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达下调,导致葡萄糖摄取减少,在这种情况下,细胞能量需求主要依赖脂肪酸的氧化,而游离脂肪酸摄取增多可导致心肌细胞中的脂肪堆积,引起心肌肥厚19。目前,常用的反映IR情况的HOMA-IR的检测过程复杂,临床上难以大范围开展。TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR作为简易IR指标,在2型糖尿病20-21、高血压22-23、心脑血管病24-27、肾功能减低28等疾病预测及预后评估方面显示出良好的临床应用价值,但其LVH关系的研究较少。本研究选取的4个简易IR指标均与TG有关,其中TG/HDL-C引入HDL-C,TyG引入FPG,TyG-BMI在TyG的基础上引入BMI,而METS-IR则综合了以上4个基本指标。本研究结果显示,LVH组TyG、TG/HDL-C高于非LVH组,但两组TyG-BMI、METS-IR比较差异无统计学意义,这可能与两组间BMI无明显差异有关。BMI是反映身体脂肪含量的间接指标,无法准确反映内脏脂肪含量,而IR主要与内脏脂肪含量相关29。本研究多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、TG/HDL-C是高血压患者发生LVH的独立影响因素。一项前瞻性研究结果显示,女性发生LVH和舒张期功能障碍的比例高于男性30。与男性相比,女性对葡萄糖的摄取和利用较少,对脂肪酸的摄取更多31。TG/HDL-C作为一种非常规血脂指标,可反映机体IR水平12,与LVMI呈正相关,是向心性LVH的风险因素32。本研究结果显示,TyG、TyG-BMI、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测高血压患者发生LVH的AUC、预测女性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC均0.7,预测价值较低,TyG、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR预测男性高血压患者发生LVH的AUC均0.7,具有一定预测价值,这与既往研究结果一致33。提示TyG、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对高血压患者发生LVH的预测价值存在性别差异,但其潜在机制目前尚不清楚。综上所述,性别、TG/HDL-C是高血压患者发生LVH的独立影响因素,TyG、TG/HDL-C、METS-IR对男性高血压患者发生LVH具有一定预测价值。但本研究为单中心、回顾性研究,未来需要大样本量、多中心的前瞻性研究进一步验证本研究的结论。作者贡献:张宁进行研究设计与实施、数据收集与分析、论文撰写;郝丽慧、兰建强、陈淑霞进行资料收集、整理;谷剑负责文章的质量控制及审校,对文章整体负责、监督管理。本文无利益冲突。参考文献1孙宁玲,施仲伟,霍勇,等.高血压合并左心室肥厚诊治专家共识J.中华心血管病杂志(网络版),2019,2(1):1-5.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.2096-1588.2019.1000025.2唐 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