Cellular Bodies.PDF

Body NameNumber/CellTypical Size and ShapeMarker ProteinDescriptionImageNuclear BodiesCajal Body060.12.0 m;roundCoilinInvolved in snRNP and snoRNP biogenesis and posttranscriptional modification of newly assembled spliceosomal snRNAs.Clastosome030.21.2 m;irregular20S core catalytic component of proteasomeContains ubiquitin conjugates,the proteolytically active 20S core and 19S regulatory complexes of the 26S proteasome,and protein substrates of the proteasome.Cleavage Body140.21.0 m;roundCstF 64 kDaContains several factors involved in 3 cleavage of mRNAs.?20%contain newly synthesized RNA.Some cleavage bodies localize adjacent to Cajal and PML bodies.Nuclear Speckle or Interchromatin Granule Cluster25500.81.8 m;irregularSC35,SF2/ASFContains proteins for pre-mRNA processing.Involved in the storage,assembly,and/or modification of pre-mRNA splicing factors.Nuclear Stress Body2100.33.0 m;irregularHSF1Induced by heat shock response.Associates with satellite III repeats on human chromosome 9q12 and other pericentromeric regions;recruits various RNA-binding proteins.OPT Domain131.01.5 m;roundPTFContains several transcription factors(Oct1/PTF)and RNA transcripts;predominant in late G1 cells.Often localizes close to nucleolus.Paraspeckle10200.5 m;roundp54nrb,PSP1Contains several RNA-binding proteins and nuclear-retained CTN-RNA.Perinucleolar Compartment140.31.0 m;caphnRNPI(PTB)Cap on surface of nucleolus;found mainly in transformed cells.Contains RNA pol III transcripts and several RNA-binding proteins.PML Body10300.31.0 m;roundPMLSuggested to play a role in aspects of transcriptional regulation and/or nuclear protein sequestration.Polycomb Body12160.31.0 m;round/irregularBmi1,Pc2Contains silencing proteins associated with Polycomb repressive complex 1;associates with heterochromatin.Cytoplasmic BodiesAggresome12.010.0 m;irregularCFTRForms when proteasomes degradative capacity is exceeded.May sequester aggregated proteins/substrates for lysosomal degradation via autophagy.Associated with microtubule organizing center;encaged by vimentin.Processing Body(P Body)0300.11.0 m;roundAgo1/2,GW182Contains decapping enzymes,a 5-to-3 exoribonuclease,LSm proteins,and RNAi machinery components.Also involved in storage of miRNA-repressed mRNAs.Stress Granule5300.45.0 m;irregulareIF3Formed upon stress.Contains“stalled”mRNAs,mRNA-binding proteins,translation initiation factors,and 40S ribosomal subunits.mRNAs can shuttle between stress granules and P bodies.SnapShot:Cellular Bodies David L.SpectorCold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,New York 11724,USASee online version for references and acknowledgements.1070 Cell 127,December 1,2006 2006 Elsevier Inc.DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.026SnapShot:Cellular Bodies David L.SpectorCold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor,New York 11724,USA For the purposes of this table,cellular bodies are defined as non-membrane-bound structures that can be visualized as independent domains by transmission electron microscopy without antibody labeling.RefeRencesAnderson,P.,and Kedersha,N.(2006).RNA granules.J.Cell Biol.172,803808.Biamonte,G.(2004).Nuclear stress bodies:A heterochromatin affair?Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.5,493498.Fox,A.H.,Lam,Y.W.,Leung,A.K.,Lyon,C.E.,Andersen,J.,Mann,M.,and Lamond,A.I.(2002).Paraspeckles:A novel nuclear domain.Curr.Biol.12,1325.Grande,M.A.,van der Kraan,I.,de Jong,L.,and van Driel,R.(1997).Nuclear distribution of transcription factors in relation to sites of transcription and RNA polymerase II.J.Cell Sci.110,17811791.Huang,S.(2000).Review:perinucleolar structures.J.Struct.Biol.129,233240.Johnston,J.A.,Ward,C.L.,and Kopito,R.R.(1998).Aggresomes:A cellular response to misfolded proteins.J.Cell Biol.143,18831898.Lafarga,M.,Berciano,M.T.,Pena,E.,Mayo,I.,Castano,J.G.,Bohmann,D.,Rodrigues,J.P.,Tavanez,J.P.,and Carmo-Fonseca,M.(2002).Clastosome:A subtype of nuclear body enriched in 19S and 20S proteasomes,ubiquitin,and protein substrates of proteasome.Mol.Biol.Cell 13,27712782.Lamond,A.I.,and Spector,D.L.(2003).Nuclear speckles:A model for nuclear organelles.Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell Biol.4,605612.Matera,A.G.,and Shpargel,K.B.(2006).Pumping RNA:nuclear bodybuilding along the RNP pipeline.Curr.Opin.Cell Biol.18,317324.Maul,G.G.,Negorev,D.,Bell,P.,and Ishov,A.M.(2000).Review:Properties and assembly mechanisms of ND10,PML bodies,or PODs.J.Struct.Biol.129,278287.Pombo,A.,Cuello,P.,Schul,W.,Yoon,J.-B.,Roeder,R.G.,Cook,P.R.,and Murphy,S.(1998).Regional and temporal specialization in the nucleus:A transcriptionally-active nuclear domain rich in PTE,Oct1 and PIKA antigens associates with specific chromosomes early in the cell cycle.EMBO J.17,17681778.Prasanth,K.V.,Prasanth,S.G.,Xuan,Z.,Hearn,S.,Freier,S.M.,Bennett,C.F.,Zhang,M.Q.,and Spector,D.L.(2005).Regulating gene expression through RNA nuclear retention.Cell 123,249263.Saitoh,N.,Spahr,C.S.,Patterson,S.D.,Bubulya,P.,Neuwald,A.F.,and Spector,D.L.(2004).Proteomic analysis of interchromatin granule clusters.Mol.Biol.Cell 15,38763890.Saurin,A.J.,Shiels,C.,Williamson,J.,Satijn,D.P.,Otte,A.P.,Sheer,D.,and Freemont,P.S.(1998).The human polycomb group complex associates with pericentro-meric heterochromatin to form a novel nuclear domain.J.Cell Biol.142,887898.Schul,W.,Groenhout,B.,Koberna,K.,Takagaki,Y.,Jenny,A.,Manders,E.M.,Raska,I.,van Driel,R.,and de Jong,L.(1996).The RNA 3 cleavage factors CstF 64 kDa and CPSF 100 kDa are concentrated in nuclear domains closely associated with coiled bodies and newly synthesized RNA.EMBO J.15,28832892.AcknowledgmentsI thank P.Bubulya,G.Matera,and members of my lab for helpful discussions and NIGMS for funding(42694,71407).Many thanks to the following for providing images:Aggresome(Ron Kopito,Stanford University)Cajal Body(Yi-Chun Maria Chen,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)Clastosome(Maria Carmo-Fonseca,Institute of Molecular Medicine,University of Lisbon)Cleavage Body(Lei Li and Roseline Godbout,University of Alberta,Canada)Nuclear Speckles(Paula Bubulya,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)Nuclear Stress Body(Giuseppe Biamonti,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,Pavia,Italy)OPT Domain(Ana Pombo,MRC Clinical Sciences Centre,Imperial College,London,UK)Paraspeckles(Kannanganattu V.Prasanth,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)Perinucleolar Compartment(Sui Huang,Northwestern University,Feinberg School of Medicine,Chicago,Illinois)PML Bodies(Yi-Chun Maria Chen,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)Polycomb Bodies(Michael Hbner,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)Processing Bodies(Nancy Kedersha,Harvard Medical School,Brigham and Womens Hospital)Stress Granules(Nancy Kedersha,Harvard Medical School,Brigham and Womens Hospital)1070.e1 Cell 127,December 1,2006 2006 Elsevier Inc.DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.026