不同
三角梅
品种
色素
成分
分析
张慧会
分子植物育种,2023 年,第 21 卷,第 3 期,第 929-940 页Molecular Plant Breeding,2023,Vol.21,No.3,929-940研究报告Research Report不同三角梅品种苞片色素成分分析张慧会1,2曾莹1,2圣倩倩1,2吴向崇3郭志铭3祝遵凌1,2,4*1 南京林业大学风景园林学院,南京,210037;2 南京林业大学,南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京,210037;3 三亚新大兴园林生态有限公司,三亚,572022;4 南京林业大学艺术设计学院,南京,210037*通信作者,摘要为探究三角梅苞片色素的主要组分,以 7 个不同颜色的三角梅品种为试验材料,采用石油醚-盐酸-氨水反应、显色反应、紫外-可见光谱扫描对其色素进行定性分析,以开花过程中颜色淡化幅度较大的 金发女郎 和 变色龙 品种为材料,采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术对其开花过程中苞片甜菜色素组分进行定量分析。结果表明:除 白色地毯 苞片色素由叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮组成外,其他 6 个品种均由叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、甜菜色素组成。金发女郎 花蕾期共检测出甜菜红素 9 种,盛花期 4 种,末花期 3 种,3 个阶段含量最多的组分均为 5-O-槐糖甜菜苷;花蕾期甜菜黄素为 3 种,盛花期和末花期均 4 种,其中花蕾期多巴胺-甜菜黄素(I)含量最高。变色龙 花蕾期和盛花期甜菜红素为 8 种,末花期 5 种,3 个阶段含量最多的组分均为 5-O-槐糖甜菜苷;花蕾期和盛花期甜菜黄素为 7 种,含量较多的组分均为组氨酸-甜菜黄素和多巴胺-甜菜黄素,末花期 8 种。综上,三角梅苞片的主要呈色色素为甜菜色素,包括甜菜红素和甜菜黄素,不同品种在开花进程中作用的甜菜色素种类和组分含量不同。本研究为探究三角梅苞片的呈色机制提供了参考,同时也为食品、药品行业筛选更具前景的天然色素提供了科学依据。关键词三角梅;苞片色彩;色素;甜菜色素Pigments Analysis of Bracts in Different Bougainvillea VarietiesZhang Huihui1,2Zeng Ying1,2Sheng Qianqian1,2Wu Xiangchong3Guo Zhiming3Zhu Zunling1,2,4*1 College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,210037;2 Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern Chi-na,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,210037;3 Sanya Daxing New Landscape Ecological Co.Ltd.,Sanya,572022;4 College of Art and Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,210037*Corresponding author,DOI:10.13271/j.mpb.021.000929AbstractThe study aimed at exploring pigment composition in bracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.Sevenvarieties with different colors were used as experimental materials.Qualitative analysis on their bract pigmentswas conducted using the reaction of petroleum ether,hydrochloric acid and ammonia,color reaction and UV-visiblespectrum.Furthermore,using two varieties of Bougainvillea Blonde Girl and Bougainvillea Chameleon with agreater degree of color fading during the flowering process,the pigment components of the bract beet in the flower-ing process were quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC-MS)mass spectrome-try technology.The results showed that,the pigment of the other six varieties was composed of chlorophyll,carotenoids,flavonoids and sugar beet pigment,except that the pigment in bracts of Bougainvillea White Carpetwas composed of chlorophyll,carotenoids and flavonoids.Bougainvillea Blonde Girl was detected nine kinds ofbetacyanins at S1 stage,four kinds at S2 stage,three kinds at S3 stage.Betanidin-5-O-sophoroside were the基金项目:本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31770752)、江苏省“333 工程”培养资金项目(BRA2018065)和江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BM2013478)共同资助引用格式:Zhang H.H.,Zeng Y.,Sheng Q.Q.,Wu X.C.,Guo Z.M.,and Zhu Z.L.,2023,Pigments analysis of bracts in differentBougainvillea varieties,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),21(3):929-940.(张慧会,曾莹,圣倩倩,吴向崇,郭志铭,祝遵凌,2023,不同三角梅品种苞片色素成分分析,分子植物育种,21(3):929-940.)分子植物育种Molecular Plant Breedingmost abundant component in this three stages.There were three kinds of betaxanthin at S1 stage,four kinds at S2stage and four kinds at S3 stage,and the content of Dopa-bx(II)(dopaxanthin)at S1 stage was the highest.Eightkinds of betacyanin were detected at S1 and S2 stages of Bougainvillea Chameleon,and five kinds were detectedat S3 stage.There were seven kinds of betaxanthin at S1 and S2 stages,and the component of Histidine-bx andDopa-bx(I)were more abundant,and there are eight kinds at S3 stage.In conclusion,sugar beet pigment provedto be closely related to the bracts color of Bougainvillea spectabilis,including betacyanin and betaxanthin.Differentvarieties of Bougainvillea spectabilis had different sugar beet pigment types and components in the floweringprocess.This study provides a reference for exploring the coloration mechanism of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.bracts,as well as a scientific basis for the food and pharmaceutical industries to screen more promising naturalpigments.KeywordsBougainvillea spectabilis;Bracts color;Pigment;Sugar beet pigment三角梅(Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.),又名三角花、叶子花、三角梅、九重葛等,为紫茉莉科的一种藤状观赏灌木,原产于南美洲的巴西(徐夙侠等,2008),在中国已有 100 多年的栽培历史。三角梅适应性较强,栽培管理简单粗放,花苞存续期长且颜色丰富艳丽,具鲜红色、橙红色、紫色、黄色、橙黄色、白色、复色等,是中国南方城市园林绿化中广泛应用的重要观赏花卉。植物色彩表型,如花色、叶色、苞片颜色等是其重要的园艺性状,具有较高的观赏价值。目前,植物呈色相关研究主要集中在色素成分分析、色素合成与调控机理等领域(陈璇等,2020)。植物色素是植物花色和叶色形成的物质基础,主要包括叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮和甜菜碱色素,其中类黄酮化合物主要包括花色苷,其广泛存在于自然界中的大多数植物中,是构成植物红色、紫色和蓝色的主要物质(程金水和刘青林,中国林业出版社,pp.64-75)。甜菜碱色素主要由石竹目紫茉莉科、苋科、仙人掌科等植物合成,包括呈红紫色的甜菜红素和呈黄色的甜菜黄素(徐夙侠等,2013,私人通信)。对植物花瓣和叶片中的色素成分进行分析,对于研究植物呈色机理具有重要意义。目前,国外对三角梅的花粉育性(Tripathiet al.,2017;Yang et al.,2020)、遗传分类(Kumar et al.,2014;2015)、提取物的抗病毒特性(Wybraniec et al.,2010;Elbeshehy,2017)等方面进行了大量的研究,已取得丰硕成果。国内对三角梅的研究主要集中在种质资源的调查与评价(邱胤晖,2016)、扦插(徐永艳等,2014;傅小霞等,2020)、色素提取(丁伟鹏等,2015;吴环等,2018)、抗寒性研究(曾荣等,2016,江苏农业科学,44(1):202-204;马若晨等,2021)等方面。三角梅的苞片大而明显,色彩丰富多样,是其主要的观赏部位。Lee 和 Collins(2001)、Kugler 等(2007)研究发现,甜菜色素是三角梅苞片最主要的呈色色素,本研究通过对 7 个不同颜色的三角梅品种进行显色反应,结果发现除 白色地毯 外,其余 6 个品种的三角梅苞片中都存在甜菜色素。因此,进一步以开花过程中颜色淡化幅度较大的 金发女郎 和 变色龙 品种为材料,采用高效液相色谱质谱联用技术对其开花过程中苞片甜菜色素组分进行定量分析并研究其变化规律,以期为阐明三角梅苞片的呈色机理提供科学依据,同时也为三角梅的花色育种和生产应用提供理论基础。1结果与分析1.1石油醚-盐酸-氨水测试从石油醚测试结果可以看出,7 个三角梅品种苞片的特征颜色反应均表现