不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡...消化率及血清生化指标的影响_陈平.pdf

反刍动物营养NO.02 202317饲料研究 FEED RESEARCH不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡贡羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响陈平1 何振富1 王斐1 贺春贵1 李启伯2 潘尚青3 谢建鹏1*（1.甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所，甘肃 兰州 730070；2.甘肃德华生物股份有限公司，甘肃 兰州 730000；3.甘肃方大优尔塔牧业发展有限公司，甘肃 临夏 731700）摘要：试验旨在研究不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡贡羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。选择30只东乡贡羊随机分为3组，每组10个重复，每个重复1只羊。A组（对照组）羊饲喂小麦秸秆+精料，B组羊饲喂50%小麦秸秆+50%玉米青贮+精料，C组羊饲喂50%小麦秸秆+50%甜高粱青贮+精料。试验期82 d。结果显示，A组、C组东乡贡羊的末重、平均日增重显著高于B组（P0.05）。A组东乡贡羊的平均日精料采食量显著高于B组（P0.05）。B组总饲喂成本、每千克增重饲喂成本显著高于C组（P0.05）。B组羊的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率极显著高于A组（P0.01），C组羊的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于A组（P0.05）；B组羊的酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于C组（P0.05）。试验初期，C组羊中间细胞比率显著低于其他组（P0.05），A组羊的血红蛋白含量显著低于其他组（P0.05），B组羊的血小板总数显著低于其他组（P0.05），B组羊血清葡萄糖含量极显著高于其他组（P0.01）。试验末期，各组羊淋巴细胞比率、红细胞总数整体上升，白细胞总数、中间细胞比率、粒细胞比率整体下降，且均在参考范围内。C组羊血清谷丙转氨酶活性极显著低于B组（P0.01），谷草转氨酶活性极显著低于其他组（P0.01）。研究表明，饲喂青贮甜高粱组总饲喂成本更低，羊的平均日增重最高，血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性得到降低，能够提高肉羊机体抵抗力；饲喂青贮玉米组羊营养物质表观消化率较高。关键词：东乡贡羊；生长性能；营养物质表观消化率；血清生化指标中图分类号：S 826 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1002-2813（2023）02-0017-07 Doi：10.13557/ki.issn1002-2813.2023.02.004Effect of silage replacement of wheat straw on growth performance，nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Dongxiang sheepCHEN Ping HE Zhen-fu WANG Fei HE Chun-gui LI Qi-bo PAN Shang-qing XIE Jian-pengAbstract:The experiment was to study the effect of different silages instead of wheat straw on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Dongxiang sheep.A total of 30 Dongxiang sheep were randomly divided into three groups,with ten replicates in each group and one sheep in each replicate.The sheep in group A(control group)were fed with wheat straw+test preparation concentrate,the sheep in group B were fed with 50%wheat straw+50%corn silage+test preparation concentrate,the sheep in group C were fed with 50%wheat straw+50%sweet sorghum silage+test preparation concentrate.The trial period was 82 d.The results showed that the final weight and average daily gain of Dongxiang sheep in group A and group C were significantly higher than those in group B(P0.05).The average daily concentrate intake of Dongxiang sheep in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P0.05).The total feeding cost and the feeding cost per kilogram gain in group B were significantly higher than those in group C(P0.05).The digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in group B was extremely higher than that in group A(P0.01),and the digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in group C was significantly higher than that in group A(P0.05).The digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in group B was significantly higher than that in group C(P0.05).At the beginning of the experiment,the ratio of intermediate cells in group C was significantly lower than that in other groups(P0.05),the hemoglobin content in group A was significantly lower than that in other groups(P0.05),and the total number of platelets in group B 第一作者：陈平，博士，副研究员，研究方向为反刍动物营养与饲料。通信作者：谢建鹏，博士，助理研究员。基金项目：甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项（项目编号：2020GAAS05）收稿日期：2022-08-09反刍动物营养NO.02 202318饲料研究 FEED RESEARCHwas significantly lower than that in other groups(P0.05).The content of serum glucose in group B was extremely higher than that in other groups(P0.01).At the end of experiment,the lymphocyte ratio of each group increased as a whole,the total number of red blood cells increased to the reference range,and the total number of white blood cells,intermediate cell ratio,and granulocyte ratio decreased as a whole and were all within the reference range.The activity of serum alanine transaminase in group C was extremely lower than that in group B(P0.01),and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was extremely lower than that in other groups(P0.01).The study indicates that the total feeding cost of group fed with silage sweet sorghum is lower,the average daily gain of sheep is the highest,and the activity of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase are reduced,which can improve the body resistance of mutton sheep.The digestibility of nutrient apparent digestibility in the silage corn group is higher.Key words:Dongxiang sheep;growth performance;nutrient apparent digestibility;serum biochemical indexes东乡贡羊主要分布于甘肃省临夏州东乡县，具有繁殖性能高、抗病力强、肉质优等特点。2021年，东乡贡羊入选第二批全国名特优新农产品名录1。目前，缺乏东乡贡羊的营养需要参数，相关饲喂配套技术尚不完善。仅有部分规模养殖场和合作社进行玉米和甜高粱秸秆青贮，秸秆资源转化利用率低，养殖户还存在主要用麦秸+玉米籽粒饲喂肉羊以达到快速育肥目的现象，造成肉羊消化吸收率低和精饲料浪费1。因此，探寻当地以精料+粗饲料为主的科学化饲喂方式，以达成节约成本、提高饲料利用率的目的2。本试验旨在研究不同青贮替代小麦秸秆对东乡贡羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、血液生理指标及血清生化指标的影响，为东乡贡羊在快速育肥过程中精准饲喂提供参考。1材料与方法1.1试验设计试验时间为2021年7月15日至2021年10月20日，其中预试期15 d，正式试验期82 d。试验于甘肃省临夏州东乡县甘肃方大优尔塔牧业发展有限公司进行。选择体重相近（182）kg、健康状况良好的断奶羔羊30只，随机分为3组，每组10个重复（公、母各半），每个重复1只羊，A组（对照组）羊饲喂小麦秸秆+精料，B组羊饲喂 50%小麦秸秆+50%玉米青贮+精料，C 组羊饲喂50%小麦秸秆+50%甜高粱青贮+精料。3 组精料配方相同。1.2试验日粮青贮玉米（恩喜爱298)、青贮甜高粱（陇甜梁2号)由甘肃临夏金果养殖专业合作社提供。麦秸、玉米麸皮、豆粕、食盐、小苏打等原料购自临夏州东乡县，预混料购自张掖市德华饲料有限公司。日粮参照肉羊饲养标准（NY/T 8162004)3，以体重1530 kg、平均日增重200 g/d的绵羊育肥营养需要量设置饲粮营养水平；每隔30 d调整精料配方一次，分别记为1、2、3阶段精料。精料组成及营养水平见表1，不同粗饲料营养水平见表2。1.3饲养管理试验前免疫注射口蹄疫 O 型、A 型二价灭活疫苗（OHM/O2株+AKT-株)（天康生物股份有限公司）、小反刍兽疫活疫苗（Clone9株)（天康生物股份有限公司）、羊三联四防疫苗（齐鲁动物保