安徽沿江地区设施高品质番茄品种筛选试验_马绍鋆.pdf

安徽沿江地区设施高品质番茄品种筛选试验马绍鋆1,2,3,方 凌1,2,3,严从生1,2,3,张其安1,2,3,俞飞飞1,2,3,王 艳1,2,3,陈红莉1,2,3,管大鹏4,冯小妹4(1.安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所,安徽合肥 230031;2.园艺作物种质创制及生理生态安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥 230031;3.农业农村部园艺作物种质创制与利用重点实验室(部省共建),安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所,安徽合肥 230031;4.和县绿缘温室科技有限公司,安徽和县 238200)摘要 以托鲁巴姆为砧木,21 份番茄为接穗,采用劈接法进行嫁接,定植后通过对果实性状、营养品质指标、产量和抗病性进行比较,筛选出适合安徽沿江地区设施栽培的高品质番茄,以期为填补长三角地区蔬菜市场伏缺与秋淡提供数据支撑。结果表明,T-05 的果形指数为 1.14,果实形状较圆。T-19 的维生素 C 含量最高,为 41.713 mg/kg,与其他 20 份番茄相比具有显著差异(P0.05)。T-02 的总糖含量最高,达 78.432 mg/g,显著高于其他 20 份番茄。T-01 的番茄红素含量达51.959 g/g,T-13 的番茄红素含量最低,仅为19.961 g/g。T-01 的可滴定酸含量在 21 份番茄中最高,为 0.508%,显著高于其他 20 份番茄,T-17 的可滴定酸含量最低,为 0.224%。T-04 和 T-06的可溶性固形物含量分别达9.2%和9.3%,T-11 的糖酸比最高,为293.43,T-19 的糖酸比最低,为136.58。综合考虑筛选出3 个适合安徽沿江地区设施栽培的高品质番茄品种,其中 T-01 为中果型番茄,果色为粉红色,果实纵径 56.01 mm,果实横径 66.21 mm,心室数 3个,其可溶性固形物含量达 6.6%。T-04 和 T-06 为小果型番茄,其中 T-04 果色为粉红色,果实纵径 32.08 mm,果实横径 34.97 mm,心室数 2 个;T-06 果色为大红色,果实纵径 30.11 mm,果实横径 33.37 mm,心室数 2 个,其可溶性固形物分别达 9.2%和 9.3%。关键词 沿江地区;番茄;高品质中图分类号 S641.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2023)03-0037-04doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2023.03.008 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):Screening Test of High Quality Tomato Varieties in Protected Areas along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province MA Shao-jun1,2,3,FANG Ling1,2,3,YAN Cong-sheng1,2,3 et al(1.Institute of Horticultural,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031;2.Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crop,Hefei,Anhui 230031;3.Key Labora-tory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Institute of Horticulture,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031)Abstract In this experiment,torubam was used as rootstock and 21 tomatoes as scions,which were grafted by split grafting method.After planting,through the comparison of fruit characters,nutritional quality indexes,yield and disease resistance,high-quality tomatoes suitable for facility cultivation along the river in Anhui were selected,in order to provide data support for filling the potential shortage and autumn light of vegetable market in the Yangtze River Delta.The results showed that the fruit shape indexes of T-05 was 1.14,and its fruit shapes was round.The vitamin C content of T-19 was the highest,41.713 mg/kg,which was significantly different from that of other 20 tomatoes(P0.05).The total sugar content of T-02 was the highest,reaching 78.432 mg/g,which was significantly higher than that of other 20 tomatoes.The lycopene content of T-01 reached 51.959 g/g,the content of lycopene in T-13 was the lowest,only 19.961 g/g.The titratable acid content of T-01 was the highest among 21 tomatoes with 0.508%,significantly higher than that of other 20 tomatoes,and the titratable acid content of T-17 was the lowest with 0.224%.The soluble solid contents of T-04 and T-06 reached 9.2%and 9.3%respectively.The sugar acid ratio of T-11 was the highest with 293.43,and the sugar acid ratio of T-19 was the lowest with 136.58.Through comprehensive consideration,three high-quality tomato varieties suitable for facility cultivation along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province were selected.Among them,T-01 is a medium fruit tomato with pink fruit color,56.01 mm longitudinal fruit diameter,66.21 mm transverse fruit diameter,3 ventricles,and its soluble solid content reaches 6.6%.T-04 and T-06 are small fruit tomatoes,of which T-04 fruit color is pink,the longitudinal diameter of fruit is 32.08 mm,the transverse diameter of fruit is 34.97 mm,and the number of ventricles is 2;T-06 is bright red in color,with a longitudinal diameter of 30.11 mm and a transverse diameter of 33.37 mm.It has two ventricles,and its soluble solids reach 9.2%and 9.3%respectively.Key words Areas along the river;Tomato;High quality基金项目 安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202104a06020041);安徽省蔬菜产业技术体系专项经费;园艺作物种质创制及生理生态安徽省重点实验室;农业农村部园艺作物种质创制与利用重点实验室(部省共建)。作者简介 马绍鋆(1978),男,安徽太湖人,高级农艺师,硕士,从事园艺作物生物技术与遗传育种研究。通信作者,研究员,从事园艺作物遗传育种研究。收稿日期 2022-03-23;修回日期 2022-07-05 番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)为茄科番茄属一年生草本植物,富含番茄红素、维生素 C 等营养成分,是消费者餐桌常见的一种蔬菜,我国也是世界上番茄总产量最高的国家,番茄生产主要以设施栽培为主。随着社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们的消费观念正在转型,对高品质番茄的关注和需求日渐增多,生产者和消费者对番茄产品也提出了更高的要求,不仅要求花色品种多样化,而且要求产品质量安全、商品性好、风味口感好、营养丰富,也从正面反映了高品质蔬菜时代的盛行。据不完全统计,高端优质蔬菜市场需求正以每年 20%的速度增长,且有巨大的市场潜力和发展潜力。安徽沿江地区气候温暖湿润,四季分明,作物生长期长,许多地区雨热同季,农业生产的光、热、水、土条件优越,是重要的设施番茄产区。笔者通过引进优质、多抗番茄新品种进行品种比较试验,针对安徽沿江地区的气候特点,对引进品种的果实性状和营养品质指标进行比较,筛选出适合安徽沿江地区设施栽培的高品质番茄品种,对提高番茄产品市场竞争力、保障高品质安全番茄产品有效供给有较大的促进作用,产品可以填补长三角地区蔬菜市场伏缺与秋淡。1 材料与方法1.1 材料 以安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所蔬菜种质资源安徽农业科学,J.Anhui Agric.Sci.2023,51(3):37-40,43 与遗传育种研究室引进的 21 份番茄为材料(编号分别为 T-01、T-02、T-03、T-04、T-05、T-06、T-07、T-08、T-09、T-10、T-11、T-12、T-13、T-14、T-15、T-16、T-17、T-18、T-19、T-20、T-21)。1.2 试验设计 试验于 2021 年 38 月在安徽省和县绿缘温室科技有限公司连栋大棚进行。以托鲁巴姆为砧木,T-01T-21 共计 21 份番茄为接穗,采用劈接法进行嫁接,嫁接后温度保持在 25、相对湿度为 90%95%,接口愈合后逐步降低湿度并增加光照开始炼苗。嫁接苗采用随机区组排列,双行定植,株距为 40 cm,行距为 50 cm,每个品种 100 株,3 次重复。1.3 测定项目与方法1.3.1 果实性状。果实成熟期,从每个小区随机选择成熟度一致的 20 个番茄果实,进行果实性状测定,平均单果重用电子天平测定,果实纵径和横径用游标卡尺测定,同时记录果色,并计算果形指数,3 次重复。1.3.2 营养品质指标。采用 2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法测定果实维生素 C 含量1;采用酸水解苯酚-硫酸比色法测定果实总糖含量2;采用酸碱滴定法