世界经济论坛-有目的的创新：通过技术创新提高食品价值链的可追溯性（英文）-2019.1-44页.pdf

Insight ReportInnovate EuropeCompeting for Global Innovation LeadershipJanuary 2019In collaboration with McKinsey&CompanyPrefaceExecutive summaryEuropean innovation modelCompeting for global innovation leadershipKey catalysts to achieve scaleBuilding blocks for European innovationFlagship initiatives:Moving to actionContributors and acknowledgementsEndnotes3468913333437ContentsWorld Economic Forum91-93 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.:+41(0)22 869 1212Fax:+41(0)22 786 2744Email:contactweforum.orgwww.weforum.org 2019 World Economic Forum.All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.3Innovate Europe:Competing for Global Innovation LeadershipPrefaceEuropes innovation ecosystems are growing more quickly than ever,and the continent has recently taken forward-looking steps to shape the future of innovation:last years regulations on protection and the free flow of non-personal data were a significant step by the European Union to provide a regional framework for dealing with data,protecting citizens and developing an effort to recognize the competitive nature of data-driven economies and the need to protect values and the rights of citizens.Despite this momentum,challenges for Europe remain.Large platform companies from Asia and North America are beginning to dominate emerging deep technologies.Europe is lagging in the digital transformation of industries key to its success in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.It is also behind in investment in new technologies,such as artificial intelligence,where it captured only 11%of global corporate investment and venture capital in 2016 compared to 50%in the United States and 39%in China.European start-ups find it difficult to achieve scale,while talent remains a scarce resource.This report sets out a vision for Europe to become a global leader in innovation.Supported by the World Economic Forum System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Digital Economy and Society,the Digital Europe project team engaged entrepreneurs,investors,corporate and public figures and representatives from academia across Europe.Together,they worked to create a common vision,identify action areas,develop concrete suggestions to make European innovation ecosystems more successful,and identify Europes innovation model to compete with other pioneering regions.The report continues the work of the World Economic Forum and its Digital Leaders of Europe community in collaboration with McKinsey&Company as a Knowledge Partner.It builds on last years work,including the“Declaration on a Pan-European Ecosystem for Innovation and Entrepreneurship”,a White Paper entitled“Collaboration between Start-ups and Corporates”and the 2018 Renew Europe report.We would like to thank the members and the board of the Digital Leaders of Europe community for their commitment and ideas,and McKinsey&Company for their analysis,expertise and support.This is an important year for Europe.A new European Commission will set a new agenda for a European Union that may look very different than in the past.Europes leadership in the Fourth Industrial Revolution will play a major role in defining its future,and we hope this report leads to discussions and actions that will drive Europes global leadership in innovation.The World Economic Forum is keen to provide a platform for this continuing exchange of ideas and calls on European citizens and leaders to join the discussion and implementation of concrete actions at#InnovateEurope.Brge Brende,President and Member of the Managing Board,World Economic ForumMartina Larkin,Head of Regional Strategies,Europe and Eurasia,and Member of the Executive Committee,World Economic ForumDigital Leaders of Europe communityThe World Economic Forum Digital Leaders of Europe are recognized,pivotal figures in their respective European innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems.The community comprises over 80 leading founders,investors,incubators and public and corporate figures from 27 countries across Europe.Its Board provides strategic direction and champions specific topics.The community helped develop the ideas along the key building blocks in this report through in-person workshops,calls and digital collaboration.4Innovate Europe:Competing for Global Innovation LeadershipExecutive summaryEuropean innovation modelEurope has an enormous opportunity to leverage the new wave of digital or digitally enabled technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI),machine learning and blockchain to create value for its people through new jobs and better,cheaper products and services.For example,developing and diffusing AI in its current assets and digital position could add up to an estimated 2.7 trillion to European economic output by 2030.Europe has strengths to build on:its start-up scene is increasingly vibrant and its tech workforce is growing faster than ever at 2.6%a year.It boasts many small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)that are leaders in their fields.Its strong industrial base is ripe for innovative disruption,as the application of new technologies increasingly focuses on industrial supply chains and the integration of industries.Five of the top 10 leading countries in eGovernment are from Europe.And with a new wave of technologies,activity may shift towards economic sectors where Europe already has a competitive edge.To seize the opportunity,however,Europe must overcome challenges:Private investment in research and development(R&D)lagged that in the United States by about$90 billion in 2015,while public R&D investment remained below the level of 2010.R&D investment is unevenly distributed:90%can be found among just eight EU Member States.The situation looks even grimmer for key future technologies:in 2016,Europe attracted only 11%of venture capital(VC)and corporate investment in AI,while the United States and Asia captured 50%and 39%,respectively.As a result,Europe also lags in intangible capital,such as structural and implementation knowledge,strong innovation networks,intellectual property and brand reputation in technology and innovation.Europes innovative companies face global competition for technical and entrepreneurial talent,with a projected 760,000 unfilled positions for information and communications technology(ICT)professionals to 2020.Europe must also manage the effects innovation will have on its citizens for example,new skill sets will be required to adapt to shifting patterns of employment.In many ways Europes markets remain fragmented,despite efforts at the European level to complete the single market.Europe needs a new ambition:to compete for global innovation leadership.In addition to mitigating issues and catching up,Europe will need to develop its own,more ambitious innovation model,anchored in its strengths.The foundations of this model are 10 fundamental building blocks for the competitiveness of its innovation ecosystem:1.Pan-European approach2.Corporate-start-up collaboration3.Innovation funding4.Enabled government and public institutions5.Data access and protection6.Entrepreneurial talent 7.Digital education,reskilling and upskilling8.Gender diversity9.Digital infrastructure and interoperability10.Harmonized legislation and standardsBut Europe cannot compete on a global level by just mimicking its competitors ingredients for success.Many digital technologies and business models exhibit zero-marginal cost and winner-take-most characteristics,and Europe has not grown any of the large platform companies that in recent years have come to dominate the technology world and capture large revenue shares.To compete globally,it needs to achieve scale.The innovation model therefore also comprises four catalysts to change the rules of the game and achieve scale by“supercharging”across these 10 building blocks.For each catalyst,an illustrative three-year ambition for Europe was defined:Leverage industrial assets:Funding digital platforms and technologies for strategic European industriesEurope has world-leading innovative SMEs and large incumbents in key industries ripe for disruption as the application of new technologies increasingly focuses on integrating industries.To catalyse innovation,Europe could build on its existing assets and fund national industrial strategies to digitize and integrate at scale,for example through digital platforms that enable more cross-sector and cross-company collaboration.The focus should be on core industries with high potential,including basic and advanced manufacturing,pharmaceuticals,healthcare and wholesale trade.Illustrative three-year ambition:Create cross-sector innovation strategies and platforms for high potential industries,including regulatory sandboxes for experimentation,and cumulative funding of 80 billion to eliminate the R&D funding gap with the United States.5Innovate Europe:Competing for Global Innovation Leadership Change data dynamics:Leading on governance for data access and trustEuropean companies have amassed fewer customers and less data than non-European global platforms.To catalyse innovation and level the playing field for European innovation,Europe could open its large vaults of government-owned non-personal and anonymized data for research,while creating new governance rules that give citizens more control over their data and more companies access to them.Transparency and cybersecurity have become key concerns for citizens.Europe could foster secure platforms that make transparent which data are shared and when,and that allow citizens to change access rights for data sets.Illustrative three-year ambition:Make at least 30%of government data accessible for research via standardized interfaces across Europe.Boost talent:Competing with digital skills and diversityEurope has strong education systems and a well-educated workforce,but it also has large untapped talent pools both abroad and at home.To catalyse innovation,Europe could attract international talent through its comparative advantages in diversity and quality of life and by improving remuneration options.To tap existing talent pools,Europe could encourage female talent in technology and entrepreneurship and leverage new technologies to up-and reskill its population.Illustrative three-year ambition:Double the number of female tech entrepreneurs,as only approximately 5%of European founders of companies that raised 1 million were female in 2017.Create demand at scale:Leveraging public-sector leadership in procurement and standardizationEuropes large public sector is often seen as slowing innovation,but it offers opportunities to intervene on the demand side of innovation,for example in healthcare,education or public works.To catalyse innovation,Europe could maximize public procurement as an innovation driver,establish common digital government standards for public services and thus enable more innovation in government technology(“GovTech”).Illustrative three-year ambition:Double the share of digital innovation requirements in tenders for Europes 2 trillion annual public procurement spend.The ideas presented in this report are concrete ways to build momentum.They are not intended to form a comprehensive agenda but to accelerate Europes trajectory in key areas.It will be essential to mobilize stakeholders across Europe.As a tangible start,three flagship initiatives could be launched in 2019:A Women Entrepreneurship Network to increase the diversity of talent through coaching and mentoring,leveraging existing networks A Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution for Europe to drive public-sector digitization,standardization and citizen-centred data access A European sovereign wealth fund for innovation to build on existing assets and scale investments.The Digital Europe project is a collaborative effort of the World Economic Forum and McKinsey&Company.McKinsey&Company and the McKinsey Global Institute facilitated access to analyses and expertise.The ideas in the building blocks of this report were collectively developed with the Digital Leaders of Europe community.6Innovate Europe:Competing for Global Innovation LeadershipEuropean Innovation Model9.Digital infrastructure and interoperability Europe needs to address shortcomings in its innovation backbone with strong investment in hard infrastructure,such as 5G,and soft infrastructure,such as interoperability standards,to drive digital innovation supply and adoption.10.Harmonized legislation and standards Efforts to complete the Digital Single Market,i.e.to remove barriers to scale by reducing legislative and regulatory differences across countries,need to be intensified and pan-European regulations prioritized over national directives to combat fragmentation.1.Pan-European approach Europe is still largely focused on ambitions,capital,talent and markets in a local context,but needs to develop a pan-European focus and global mindset for local ecosystems in a game of scale.3.Innovation funding The overall funding situation for innovation is improving,but Europe needs to address issues in quantity and quality of funding and find ways to improve large disparities in its distribution across geographies and recipients.Leverage industrial assets Funding digital platforms and technologies for strategic European industriesChange data dynamics Leading on governance for data access and trustBoost talent Competing with digital skills and diversityCreate demand at scale Leveraging public-sector leadership in procurement and standardizationBuilding BlocksCatalysts7Innovate Europe:Competing for Global Innovation Leadership8.Gender diversity With only 5%females among founders in the European tech industry,Europe needs to address this underrepresentation through better funding,culture change and role-modelling.6.Entrepreneurial talent European companies face global competition for talent-making entrepreneurial culture a priority can help build talent and simplify access especially for small companies.2.Corporate-start-up collaboration European incumbent and new companies can collaborate with each other despite competition and join forces through investments and projects to integrate new technologies with existing assets.5.Data access and protection With data as a key enabler for the new wave of technologies,Europe can build on its legislative track record,including GDPR(General Data Protection Regulation),to improve access and protection.7.Digital education,reskilling and upskilling As new skill sets will be required to adapt to shifting patterns of employment,Europe must manage the impact on its citizens and develop technical and soft skills across all life stages through education systems and new technologies.4.Enabled government and public institutions The public sector has a major role in driving and enabling digitization both within and outside public institutions,set the right g