经济学人-管理应用程序开发：制造视角（英文）-2019.4-10页.pdf

MANAGING APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT:The manufacturing perspectiveA report from The Economist Intelligence UnitSponsored by:2 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective About this report 2Executive summary and key findings 3Chapter 1:Rapid digitalisation 4Chapter 2:The building blocks of development 6Chapter 3:High tech,high quality 7The way ahead 9ContentsAbout this reportManaging application development:The manufacturing perspective is an Economist Intelligence Unit report,sponsored by Google Cloud.The findings do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.The report draws on two main sources for its research and findings:A survey that includes responses from more than 162 senior executives and application developers in the manufacturing sector globally.This study is part of a larger survey that received more than 1,000 responses globally.Interviews with James Lyle,vice-president,application development,quality and support,Eaton;and Vince Manuppelli,director and chief IT architect,Eaton.We would like to thank all the interviewees and survey respondents for their time and insights.The report was written by Peter Krass and edited by Becca Lipman.3 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective Executive summary and key findingsManufacturers are deep users of software.They use the cloud,rely on applications and employ advanced development approaches.And unlike many other industries,manufacturing is decidedly comfortable working with contractors,agencies and other outside application developers.An in-depth review of the manufacturing industrys survey results uncovered the following insights:Manufacturers are in the cloud.Nearly all(96%)use cloud technology or plan to use it in the near future.Application development is important to manufacturers.Most(92%)say it is a key component of their growth strategy.Security is the top barrier to application development for nearly half(44%)of manufacturers.A problem shared in equal measure by the other industries we surveyed.Half of manufacturers(51%)give most of their application development to external developersconsiderably higher than other industries.Advanced development techniques are prevalent among cloud adopters:nearly half use Agile(46%)and DevOps(49%).Key performance indicators(KPIs)are used by half of manufacturers(49%)to assess their app-dev efforts.More importantly,nearly nine in ten manufacturers say their organisation is successful at using KPIs to judge a projects success.Most manufacturers measure application success by application quality(cited by 62%),customer/stakeholder satisfaction(53%)and on-time/on-budget execution delivery(48%).4 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective Manufacturers are big users of software applications.Their competitive advantage,and indeed their survival,depends on it.From supply-chain management to enterprise resource planning and customer-relationship management,manufacturers are also regular implementers of advanced industrial robots and 3D printing.In fact,in 2018 nearly 30%of all worldwide spending on technology and services that enable digital transformation came from manufacturing industries,totalling US$333bn.The largest allocation of that was spending towards applications,connectivity services and IT services to build out their digital platforms.1 And the industrys annual spending on applications is estimated to reach US$22bn by 2022,up from US$21.4bn in 2017.2 And according to our cross-industry survey of business executives,IT leaders and application developers,manufacturing is one of the top industry adopters of the cloud.Cloud technology is either used,or planned for use soon,by all but 5%of manufacturers.Specifically,over two-thirds of manufacturing respondents(70%)report using the cloud now,and a quarter(25%)plan to use it in the near future.Regarding current adoption of the cloud,manufacturers are second only to retailers and ahead of others including gaming/media,healthcare and the public sector.Dublin-based Eaton is a cloud adopter.The company makes power-management products that include electrical,hydraulics,aerospace and vehicular products and systems.“We use cloud technology,as it makes sense from an ROI return on investment standpoint involving costs and speed,”says James Lyle,Eatons vice-president of application development,quality and support.“It really comes down to an economics decision.”Like all other industries surveyed,the biggest barriers to manufacturers cloud adoption is security,cited by slightly more than half(52%)of respondents.Other top cloud barriers for manufacturers include a lack of alignment between IT and the business strategy(23%),an inflexible culture(22%)and a lack of funding(also 22%).CHAPTER 1:Rapid digitalisationFootnotes:1.IDC,“Worldwide Spending on Digital Transformation Will Soar Past$1 Trillion in 2018”,June 2018:https:/ Run the World,“Top 10 Manufacturing Software Vendors and Market Forecast”,January 2018:https:/ to our cross-industry survey of business executives,IT leaders and application developers,manufacturing is one of the top industry adopters of the cloud.5 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective But for some developers,security is not so much of a barrier as it is a feature,and a competitive advantage.“In todays environment,security must be at the top of everyones priority list,”says Vince Manuppelli,director of application development at Eaton.“We bake in development standards that give us the best possible security stance,and as the landscape changes,were continually evolving those.”Cloud adoption:manufacturing gets ahead(%of respondents)Figure 1Cloud technology adopted nowCloud planned for use soon70%67%25%29%ManufacturersAll industriesAmericasEurope,the Middle East and Africa(EMEA)Asia-Pacific Source:Economist Intelligence Unit“Managing Application Development”survey,2017Source:Economist Intelligence Unit“Managing Application Development”survey,2017Cloud adoption by region(%of respondents)Figure 2Cloud systemsCloud services78%88%66%82%62%71%6 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective In the light of heavy investment in app development and digital transformation,it is little surprise that most manufacturing respondents(92%)consider app development important to their organisations growth strategy.They go on to identify their primary strategic objectives as entering new markets,acquiring new customers and deriving additional revenue from existing customers.As for who is managing that spend and strategy,our survey finds that IT leaders the chief information officer(CIO),chief technology officer(CTO),IT manager or other senior IT team memberare overwhelmingly taking the lead on app-development initiatives.This includes responsibility for proposing app-development strategies,final authority for which app to develop,and for managing development and allocating resources.Theres only one notable exception where another person has contending authority:roughly a third of respondents(32%)say final authority over which apps to develop comes from the CEO.But even for this task,more respondents(44%)point to the head of IT,and slightly over a third(38%)say it is approved by their CIO or CTO.(Respondents were permitted to select two primary authorities.)Moving down the organisational structure towards development and implementation,the survey found that within the manufacturing industry,respondents say that their organisations app-dev teams are most often organised by department(37%),business unit(33%),function(33%),operating system(32%),and type of application(28%).Respondents were able to select up to three choices,and most did so,indicating that app-dev teams are organised fluidly,depending on the specific and immediate need.Advanced development techniques are used widely by manufacturers,too.Nearly half of respondents(46%)have adopted Agile.Similarly,DevOps has been adopted by about half(49%).Continuous integration of the application-code base presents a more mixed picture.In the Americas,this approach is used by nearly half of respondents(49%),but in Asia-Pacific by only a third(36%)and by even fewer(7%)in EMEA.According to Mr Manuppelli,these internal factorsauthority,team structure and development techniquescan affect employee retention,an important issue given todays tech-talent shortage.At Eaton,he says a mix of traditional and emerging technologies and team structures helps keep workers engaged.“We encourage our developers to stretch themselves and cross over from one technology to another,”Mr Manuppelli says.He adds that current Eaton employees have referred 40%of new developer hires.“This is a good indication that our atmosphere is something people want to be part of,”he adds.CHAPTER 2:The building blocks of development“We encourage our developers to stretch themselves and cross over from one technology to another.”Vince Manuppelli,director and chief IT architect,Eaton7 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective One area where manufacturers stand out is their heavy use of external developers,which includes agencies and contractors.Across all industries,only about a third(37%)develops most apps externally,but among manufacturers that figure rises to half(51%).And only about four in ten (39%)develop a majority of applications internally.The remaining 10%of manufacturers split the work evenly.Manufacturers may differ in part because over a quarter(28%)cite a lack of technical knowledge and skills as a top barrier to their app development.Hiring specialised external developers is a quick and effective way to fill an organisations skill gaps.Eaton is among those mixing-and-matching its approach to application sourcing.“Our strategy,after trying to reuse solutions,is to purchase off-the-shelf software,but we also develop a significant amount of code for interfaces and where we believe it provides us competitive advantage,”explains Mr Lyle.“The end goal,regardless of buy versus build,is to ensure robust and cohesive business processes and provide a productive end-user experience.”The quality of applications can be equally important.A low-quality app does no one any good.Manufacturers,attuned to the importance of quality across their supply chains,are similarly concerned with the quality of their software.One way this plays out is in the use of KPIs.Across all industries,over a third of respondents(39%)report using app-development KPIs.But among manufacturers,the figure is closer to half(49%).A majority of manufacturers(88%)also find their use of KPIs for app developers to be very successful.CHAPTER 3:High tech,high qualityManufacturers comfortable with external developers (%of respondents)Figure 3Develop most applications externallyDevelop most applications internallyDevelop half of applications internally,half externally51%37%39%47%ManufacturersAll industriesSource:Economist Intelligence Unit“Managing Application Development”survey,201710%16%8 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective Similarly,when it comes to metrics for app-development success,manufacturers say their top metric is quality(62%).Its followed by customer/stakeholder satisfaction(53%),on-time/on-budget delivery(48%),achieving the expected ROI(44%)and contributing to strategic goals(42%).KPIs keep manufacturers developing (%of respondents)Figure 4Application qualityCustomer/stakeholder satisfactionExecution delivered on time and on budgetAchieve expected ROIContribute to strategic goalsCustomer/stakeholder use62%53%Note:Multiple responses were permitted Source:Economist Intelligence Unit“Managing Application Development”survey,201748%44%42%38%ManufacturersAll industries49%39%KPIs currently used for application developmentManufacturers top metrics for app-dev success 9 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2019Managing application development:The manufacturing perspective Agile for business:some manufacturers are expanding Agile tactics to business management.For example,one Agile tactic,known as a sprint,involves delivering software in quick increments(even as short as one week),then making changes based on early user feedback.Thats in contrast to the“waterfall”approach of working for months(even years)to create a perfect piece of final software before letting users try it.Some manufacturers are now experimenting with sprints for product development,allowing teams to release what Agile practitioners call an MVPshort for minimally viable product then collect user comments for future modifications.Training:like many industries,manufacturers must cope with fast-changing technology,yet find themselves hamstrung by a severe shortage of skilled technologists.Data scientists and other IT specialists have become difficult to find and expensive to hire.One alternative is more training for existing staff.To this end,some manufacturers are adopting whats known as a 70/20/10 model,in which 70%of learning occurs on the job;20%comes from“stretch”assignments and attending workshops;and the remaining 10%comes from conventional training.Business alignment:in some industries(such as finance),IT not only supports the business,it is the business.Thats not entirely the case for manufacturing,yet the industry is moving in that direction.As a result,manufacturing IT and business groups must become even more closely aligned.Some manufacturers are moving IT staff into the business units as a way to ensure alignment.At the same time,manufacturing CEOs,chief financial officers and other senior business executives can be expected to increase their involvement with defining,approving and funding business-critical applications.Manufacturing is moving into digital technology even as it maintains a presence in the physical world of products,materials and brick-and-mortar factories.Manufacturers wont stop making material goods anytime soon,but they will increasingly use software applications to better design,plan,make,sell and transport these things.Here are some of the areas where manufacturers will next focus their application development efforts:The way aheadLondonThe Adelphi1-11 John Adam StreetLondonWC2N 6HTUnited KingdomTel:(44.20)7576 8000Fax:(44.20)7576 8476Email:New York750 Third Avenue5th FloorNew York,NY 10017United StatesTel:(1.212)554 0600Fax:(1.212)586 0248E-mail:Hong Kong1301 Cityplaza Four12 Taikoo Wan RoadTaikoo ShingHong KongTel:(852)2585 3888Fax:(852)2802 7638E-mail:GenevaBoulevard des Tranches 161206 GenevaSwitzerlandTel:(41)22 566 2470Fax:(41)22 346 93 47E-mail:DubaiOffice 1301aAurora TowerDubai Media CityDubaiTel:(971)4 433 4202Fax:(971)4 438 0224Email:While every effort has