加拿大政府-2018年加拿大移民年度报告（英文）-2019.3-45页.pdf

ANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration2018The Honourable Ahmed Hussen,P.C.,M.P.Minister of Immigration,Refugees and CitizenshipPublications Feedback SurveyWe invite you to provide us with your comments on this publication by completing our electronic feedback survey at www.cic.gc.ca/publications-survey.For information about other IRCC publications,visit:www.cic.gc.ca/publications.Available in alternative formats upon request.galement disponible en franais sous le titre:Rapport Annuel au Parlement sur limmigration 2018Visit us onlineWebsite:www.cic.gc.caFacebook: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada,represented by the Minister of Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship,2018Cat.no.Ci1E-PDFISSN 1706-3329C&I 2516-11-2018ANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20181Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaTable of ContentsMessage from the Minister of Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship.2Introduction.4I.Why Immigration Matters.5II.Canadas Immigration Plan for 20192021.12III.Managing Permanent Immigration.13IV.Managing Temporary Migration.29V.Federal-Provincial/Territorial Partnerships.34Additional Information.35Annex 1:Section 94 and Section 22.1 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act.36Annex 2:Tables .37Annex 3:Instructions Given by the Minister in 2017.42Endnotes.43ANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20182Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaMessage from the Minister of Immigration,Refugees and CitizenshipThanks in great part to the newcomers we have welcomed throughout our history,Canada has developed into the strong and vibrant country we all enjoy.Immigrants and their descendants have made immeasurable contributions to Canada,and our future success depends on continuing to ensure they are welcomed and well-integrated.Today,Canada faces new challenges such as an ageing population and declining birth rate,and immigrants have helped address these by contributing to Canadas labour force growth.With this in mind,Canada welcomed more than 286,000 permanent residents in 2017.Over half were admitted under Economic Class programs.The number also included over 44,000 resettled refugees,protected persons and people admitted under humanitarian,compassionate and public policy considerations.Also in 2017,the Government of Canada adopted a historic multi-year levels plan to responsibly grow our annual immigration levels to 340,000 by 2020,with 60 percent of the growth in the Economic Class.Growing immigration levels,particularly in the Economic Class,will help us sustain our labour force,support economic growth and spur innovation.This increase is also helping us improve service,as we have been able to address many chronic backlogs in our immigration system.Key results include reuniting spouses and other family members within 12 months,reducing citizenship processing time from 24 to 12 months and processing caregiver applications in less than 12 months.We have developed our levels plan in close consultation with provinces and territories,allowing them to bring in more people through their provincial nominee programs.We have also addressed regional needs by implementing the Atlantic Immigration Pilot and supporting francophone immigration communities outside Quebec.I am proud of all we have accomplished in the past year,and we are committed to even more progress in the year ahead.In that spirit,I invite you to read the Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration 2018,including the multi-year levels plan for 2019 to 2021._The Honourable Ahmed Hussen,P.C.,M.P.Minister of Immigration,Refugees and CitizenshipANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20183Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaHIGHLIGHTS93%of immigrants have knowledge ofEnglish or French.(Source:Census 2016)In 2017,an ambitious plan for population growth was unveiled and 5,371,162 visitor travel documents were approved.In 2017,Canada admitted 65,417 new permanent residents in the Economic Class through the Express Entry application management system.In 2017,56%of permanent resident admissions were in the Economic Class.93%of immigrants have a strong sense of belonging to Canada.(Source:2013 General Social Survey)accounted for 80%of population growth.(Source:Statistics Canada)In 2017-2018,international migration In 2017,economic immigrants residing in Canada for at least 5 years exceeded Canadian average earnings by 6%15-24%more likely to be working than Canadian-born residents.and wereIn 2017,39%of economic immigrants settled outside Montreal,Toronto,or Vancouver.130%increase in citizenship applications from October 2017 to June 2018.Over In 2016-2017,international students and visitors contributed$31 billion to the Canadian economy.over ANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20184Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaIntroductionEvery year the Minister of Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship tables in Parliament an Annual Report on Canadas immigration system.The report provides the Minister with an opportunity to report on key details for permanent resident admissions,temporary resident volumes,and aspects of inadmissibility for the previous year.It also provides the projected number of permanent resident admissions for 2019 to 2021,which is essential for planning purposes.The Annual Report adheres to the requirements of sections 94 and 22.1 of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Acti(IRPA).For more details,see Annex 1.About Data in this ReportOther admissions data can be found in tables in Annex 2 and on the Government of Canadas Open Dataii website and in the Facts and Figuresiii published by IRCC.Please note that numbers derived from IRCC data sources may differ from those reported in earlier publications;these differences reflect typical adjustments to IRCCs administrative data files over time.GENDER-BASED ANALYSIS PLUS(GBA+)Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada(IRCC)is required under IRPA to include a GBA+assessment of the impact of the Act in its Annual Report.In previous years,a separate section was created to highlight GBA+.In this years report,GBA+has been integrated throughout the report and is easily recognizable via the GBA+identifier.GBA+is an evidence-based approach that highlights the intersecting identity factors that must be considered in policy and program development.The“plus”acknowledges that GBA goes beyond biological(sex)and socio-cultural(gender)differences to consider how race,ethnicity,age,disability and sexual orientation affect peoples experience with policies,programs and initiatives.ANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20185Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaI.Why Immigration MattersCanadas immigration traditionImmigration has been an important part of building Canada into what it is today:a country that celebrates multiculturalism and diversity,has a global reputation for welcoming people from around the world,and stands up for the most vulnerable.Waves of immigrants and their descendants have contributed their talents and hard work to Canadas success.Canada is a world leader in managed migration with an immigration program based on non-discriminatory principles,where foreign nationals are assessed without regard to race,nationality,ethnic origin,colour,religion or gender.Immigration is a defining feature of Canada:immigrants(meaning people born outside of Canada)currently represent one in five people in Canada.1 Over six million new immigrants have arrived in Canada since 1990.2 Immigration makes an important contribution to Canadas economy and society and has immediate and long-term social outcomes.Whether through economic immigration,family reunification or the protection of refugees and vulnerable persons,immigration is a central pillar of Canadas success story.Immigrants contribute to the labour market and economyCanadas immigration program,as set out in the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act(IRPA),is intended to“support the development of a strong and prosperous Canadian economy,in which the benefits of immigration are shared across all regions of Canada.”Canada sets an annual target for immigration and selects newcomers who best contribute to the countrys economic and social well-being.With an ageing population and low fertility rates,immigration plays an important role in ensuring that Canadas population and labour force continue to grow.Given that immigrant newcomers are,on average,younger than the Canadian-born population,immigration can help mitigate some of the challenges of an ageing demographic.In addition,immigration to Canada is a tool that can help to lessen the decline of Canadas worker-to-retiree ratio.In 2012,the worker-to-retiree ratio was 4.2 to 1;projections put that ratio at 2 to 1 by 2036.4 GENDER AND DIVERSITY MATTER3 hGender is central to any discussion of the causes and consequences of migration,and influences an individuals reasons for migrating,who migrates and to where.hThe roles,expectations,relationships and power dynamics associated with being a man,woman,boy or girl,and whether one identifies as lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,queer and two-spirited(LGBTQ2),significantly affect all aspects of the migration process,and can also be affected in new ways by migration.hRisks,vulnerabilities and needs are also shaped in large part by ones gender,and often vary drastically for different groups.1 Statistics Canada,Immigration and ethnocultural diversity:Key results from the 2016 Census,https:/www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/171025/dq171025b-eng.htm2 Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship Canada,Departmental Plan 20172018,https:/www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/corporate/publications-manuals/departmental-plan-2017-2018/departmental-plan.html3 Adapted from International Organization for Migration,Gender and Migration,2018,https:/www.iom.int/gender-and-migration4 Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship Canada,Backgrounder:Growing Canadas Economic Future,https:/www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/news/2017/11/growing_canada_seconomicfuture.htmlANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20186Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaWhile many jobs can be filled by Canadians,gaps remain.Immigration helps to provide workers to satisfy labour market needs which,in turn,stimulates economic growth.Recent projections indicate that existing labour shortages,particularly in health,sciences,skilled trades,transport and equipment,are expected to persist into the future.Immigration also helps to meet specific regional labour market needs,especially through Provincial Nominee programs.When immigrants come to Canada they pay taxes and spend money on housing,transportation and consumer goods.Productive capacity increases and there is a ripple effect across the economy.Canadas economy has benefitted from solid gains in the size of the labour pool,due largely to immigration.Over the past two decades,real gross domestic product(GDP)per capita,productivity and the labour force have all increased by around 1.25%per year.5 In 2017,the top five occupations of principal applicants were:information systems analysts and consultants;software engineers;computer programmers and interactive media developers;financial auditors and accountants;and administrative assistants.In Canada,immigrants of all categories including refugees tend to have positive outcomes across a range of economic indicators.For example,in 2017,the labour force participation rates of immigrants aged 25 to 54 who landed more than 10 years earlier are comparable to those of the Canadian-born(86.9%vs.88.4%).6 The economic performance of all immigrants increases with time spent in Canada.Average employment earnings reach the Canadian average at about 12 years after landing.Principal applicants in the Canada Experience Class and Provincial Nominee program exceed the Canadian average within the first year of landing.Ultimately,immigration is important for Canadas current and future prosperity.5 Toronto Dominion Bank,Estimating Canadas Future Immigration Needs,https:/ Statistics Canada,Labour force characteristics by immigrant status,Table 14-10-0083-01,2018 https:/www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410008301&pickMembers%5B0%5D=1.1&pickMembers%5B1%5D=3.9&pickMembers%5B2%5D=4.2“She and her family have had a positive impact on our tourism industry and have helped create jobs in the town.”Isabelle Blanchard,Gravelbourgs economic development officerShaping small-town SaskatchewanToos Giesen-Stefiuk is living proof that immigration matters in smaller communities all across the country.She and her family moved to Canada from the Netherlands in 1981,settling in Gravelbourg,Saskatchewan,a small prairie town.Over the past 37 years,Giesen-Stefiuk and her family have created many jobs and boosted local tourism in Gravelbourg.They owned and operated a construction company,built the Gravelbourg Inn,and opened the landmark Caf Paris.She currently runs a bed and breakfast called La Maison 315.On top of her business ventures,Giesen-Stefiuk is a 15-year veteran of the Gravelbourg town council and is actively engaged in the economic and cultural development of her community.Read the full story and moreANNUAL REPORT to Parliament on Immigration 20187Immigration,Refugees and Citizenship CanadaImmigration has immediate and long-term social outcomesIt is recognized that immigrants can play a key role in linking source and host countries as they have knowledge about both countries(language,culture,preferences and business environment)as well as access to social and business networks.7 Newcomers enhance and help build our communities through civic engagement as well as contributions to and participation in charitable organizations and activities.Most eligible immigrants go on to obtain Canadian citizenship,demonstrating a lasting commitment to the country.In 2016,more than 6.5 million immigrants were eligible to obtain Canadian citizenship.Of these,almost 86%reported that they had acquired Canadian citizenship8,which is the highest rate among similar countries.Immigration contributes to the vitality of communities by adding newcomers and diversity to Canadian communities,including Francophone minority communities.This is facilitated in part through Provincial Nominee programs,the federal Atlantic Immigration Pilot(which began receiving applications in March 2017)and the Express Entry application management system by awarding extra points under the Comprehensive Ranking System to candidates who have strong French language skills.The growth of the Provincial Nominee programs over the past 20 years,coupled with the introduction of the Atlantic Immigration Pilot in 2017,has helped shift immigration landing patterns beyond the largest cities.For example,in 2017,a full 34%of economic immigrants were destined outside Ontario,British Columbia and Quebec,compared to just 10%in 1997.Destination of immigrants across CanadaEconomic Immigrant Destinations-1997Economic Immigrant Destinations-2017O